Chapter 1: Introduction - Committee on Climate Change
... • What is the urgency of action needed for different risks and opportunities? • What are the uncertainties, limitations and confidence in the underlying evidence and analysis for different risks and opportunities? In addressing these questions, the method for the Evidence Report looks at three diffe ...
... • What is the urgency of action needed for different risks and opportunities? • What are the uncertainties, limitations and confidence in the underlying evidence and analysis for different risks and opportunities? In addressing these questions, the method for the Evidence Report looks at three diffe ...
Field methodological approaches to investigate the short
... temperature changes and therefore, sparse sampling collections could give misleading information. For example, an exceptionally dry or very wet year could alter densities of organisms and thus overestimate the effects of the treatments. Soil heating versus air heating: Both approaches could provide ...
... temperature changes and therefore, sparse sampling collections could give misleading information. For example, an exceptionally dry or very wet year could alter densities of organisms and thus overestimate the effects of the treatments. Soil heating versus air heating: Both approaches could provide ...
6. Climate change in the Arctic: A discussion of the impact on
... from the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA), which is an important source for this chapter, together with the 2001 report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). ...
... from the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA), which is an important source for this chapter, together with the 2001 report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). ...
Gregory et al. (2013) - American Meteorological Society
... (Manuscript received 1 June 2012, in final form 8 November 2012) ABSTRACT Confidence in projections of global-mean sea level rise (GMSLR) depends on an ability to account for GMSLR during the twentieth century. There are contributions from ocean thermal expansion, mass loss from glaciers and ice she ...
... (Manuscript received 1 June 2012, in final form 8 November 2012) ABSTRACT Confidence in projections of global-mean sea level rise (GMSLR) depends on an ability to account for GMSLR during the twentieth century. There are contributions from ocean thermal expansion, mass loss from glaciers and ice she ...
Handbook on the OECD-DAC Climate Markers
... The Rio markers, as other markers, can show three values: “0” for not targeted, “1” for significant and “2” for principal (and “3” for desertification). However, the “0” value can only be assigned to activities that have been examined against the Rio markers and that were found as not targeted to th ...
... The Rio markers, as other markers, can show three values: “0” for not targeted, “1” for significant and “2” for principal (and “3” for desertification). However, the “0” value can only be assigned to activities that have been examined against the Rio markers and that were found as not targeted to th ...
Perception and adaptation to climate change by farmers in the Nile
... services such as extension, credit, marketing, infrastructure as well as climatic factors such as drought and flood (Devereux 2000; Alene 2003; Belay 2003; Yirga 2007). These factors reduce the adaptive capacity or increase the vulnerability of farmers to future changes, including climate change, whi ...
... services such as extension, credit, marketing, infrastructure as well as climatic factors such as drought and flood (Devereux 2000; Alene 2003; Belay 2003; Yirga 2007). These factors reduce the adaptive capacity or increase the vulnerability of farmers to future changes, including climate change, whi ...
Climate change impacts on Australia`s alpine ecosystems
... In one large-scale study, areas with greater summer snowdrift persistence had a lower number and diversity of vascular plants (Edmonds et al. 2006). However, loss of this habitat under global warming is likely to result in diminution of plant species associated with persistent summer snow (Edmonds e ...
... In one large-scale study, areas with greater summer snowdrift persistence had a lower number and diversity of vascular plants (Edmonds et al. 2006). However, loss of this habitat under global warming is likely to result in diminution of plant species associated with persistent summer snow (Edmonds e ...
Twentieth-Century Global-Mean Sea Level Rise: Is the Whole
... (Manuscript received 1 June 2012, in final form 8 November 2012) ABSTRACT ...
... (Manuscript received 1 June 2012, in final form 8 November 2012) ABSTRACT ...
Energy and Climate Change Element
... A balance of naturally occurring gases dispersed in the atmosphere determines the Earth’s climate by trapping solar radiation. This phenomenon is known as the “greenhouse effect.” Modern human activity, most notably the burning of fossil fuels for transportation and electricity generation, introduce ...
... A balance of naturally occurring gases dispersed in the atmosphere determines the Earth’s climate by trapping solar radiation. This phenomenon is known as the “greenhouse effect.” Modern human activity, most notably the burning of fossil fuels for transportation and electricity generation, introduce ...
View/Download - National Gender and Equality Commission
... the Lima work programme on gender, and gender was a standing agenda under COP through Subsidiary body of implementation (SBI); an existing focal person on gender at had been recruited at the UNFCCC secretariat. However, despite the achievements made so far, gaps still exists in pushing for gender, y ...
... the Lima work programme on gender, and gender was a standing agenda under COP through Subsidiary body of implementation (SBI); an existing focal person on gender at had been recruited at the UNFCCC secretariat. However, despite the achievements made so far, gaps still exists in pushing for gender, y ...
- The University of Liverpool Repository
... and Cowell, 2002). More thorough transformation is envisaged through ecological modernisation, where the economy is switched from an industrial to an ecological mode which pays attention to its resource base through the diffusion of clean technologies (Gibbs, 2000). The third wave conceptualisation ...
... and Cowell, 2002). More thorough transformation is envisaged through ecological modernisation, where the economy is switched from an industrial to an ecological mode which pays attention to its resource base through the diffusion of clean technologies (Gibbs, 2000). The third wave conceptualisation ...
The Vulnerability of the Carbon Cycle in the 21st Century
... the likelihood of the release of the carbon stored in these pools into the atmosphere over the 21st century. This figure is based on the detailed information in Table 3.1. Several key carbon pools may be vulnerable over the timescale of this century. The total amount of carbon stored in these pools ...
... the likelihood of the release of the carbon stored in these pools into the atmosphere over the 21st century. This figure is based on the detailed information in Table 3.1. Several key carbon pools may be vulnerable over the timescale of this century. The total amount of carbon stored in these pools ...
STUDY ON THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON CHINA`S
... itself. How China will avoid national chronic food insecurity in the future is an issue, which is inevitably of significant global implication. Whether China can feed itself in the future not only depends on agricultural land resources but also depends on the impacts of climate change on its agricul ...
... itself. How China will avoid national chronic food insecurity in the future is an issue, which is inevitably of significant global implication. Whether China can feed itself in the future not only depends on agricultural land resources but also depends on the impacts of climate change on its agricul ...
Module e – Impact assessment
... ∑ CharFactcat ,subs × InventoryResult subs subs climate change 5 and 3 kg ...
... ∑ CharFactcat ,subs × InventoryResult subs subs climate change 5 and 3 kg ...
The design of a legacy indicator tool for measuring climate change
... Background: We are experiencing a period of climate change the extent and impact of which is uncertain. In the cultural heritage sector the need for monitoring to inform our understanding is widely agreed, yet there is a lack of consensus over what constitutes ‘monitoring for climate change’. This ...
... Background: We are experiencing a period of climate change the extent and impact of which is uncertain. In the cultural heritage sector the need for monitoring to inform our understanding is widely agreed, yet there is a lack of consensus over what constitutes ‘monitoring for climate change’. This ...
Climate change and energy security – global challenges and
... These essays represent compellingly argued visions of the future which can provide the basis for the construction of three illustrative scenarios – all of which could have important implications for the insurance sector and beyond. In our upside scenario there is some global warming, but the world i ...
... These essays represent compellingly argued visions of the future which can provide the basis for the construction of three illustrative scenarios – all of which could have important implications for the insurance sector and beyond. In our upside scenario there is some global warming, but the world i ...
In Defense of Emissions Egalitarianism?
... EE and policy proposals based on the notion of EE (most notably ‘Contraction and Convergence’) have been criticized for ignoring important aspects of mitigation. Emissions matter only insofar as they increase the atmospheric concentration of GHG which ultimately leads to climate change. But another ...
... EE and policy proposals based on the notion of EE (most notably ‘Contraction and Convergence’) have been criticized for ignoring important aspects of mitigation. Emissions matter only insofar as they increase the atmospheric concentration of GHG which ultimately leads to climate change. But another ...
showing AIT - Department for Education
... by governments, world leaders and the United Nations. It is recognised as one of the most significant challenges facing the world and international community today. However, many of the facts surrounding climate change and the evidence relating to the issues involved have been presented in ways that ...
... by governments, world leaders and the United Nations. It is recognised as one of the most significant challenges facing the world and international community today. However, many of the facts surrounding climate change and the evidence relating to the issues involved have been presented in ways that ...
Feeling the Heat - Development and Peace
... As the case studies demonstrate, some inevitable impacts of climate change will be felt in the coming decades even with effective action to reduce emissions. It is therefore vital that the most vulnerable people and communities around the world are supported so that they can adapt to these inevitabl ...
... As the case studies demonstrate, some inevitable impacts of climate change will be felt in the coming decades even with effective action to reduce emissions. It is therefore vital that the most vulnerable people and communities around the world are supported so that they can adapt to these inevitabl ...
Dynamics of Culture and Climate Change and their Implications on
... projections of future climate patterns are largely based on computer-based models of the climate system that incorporate the important factors and processes of the atmosphere and the oceans, including the expected growth in greenhouse gases from socio-economic scenarios for the coming decades. The I ...
... projections of future climate patterns are largely based on computer-based models of the climate system that incorporate the important factors and processes of the atmosphere and the oceans, including the expected growth in greenhouse gases from socio-economic scenarios for the coming decades. The I ...
interspecific interactions exceed climate effects
... behaviour in response to ambient temperature is generally thought to be less energetically expensive than autonomic thermoregulation (Dussault et al., 2004; Maloney et al., 2005). Behavioural thermoregulation can entail moving to cooler areas such as higher altitudes (Aublet et al., 2009) or microcl ...
... behaviour in response to ambient temperature is generally thought to be less energetically expensive than autonomic thermoregulation (Dussault et al., 2004; Maloney et al., 2005). Behavioural thermoregulation can entail moving to cooler areas such as higher altitudes (Aublet et al., 2009) or microcl ...
Effects of climate change on inland waters of the Pacific coastal
... available to generate extreme rainfall. These storms may generate the greatest ¯oods in some alpine basins that are high enough to avoid midwinter rain on snow events. Stream ¯ow in Sierra Nevada rivers may be low during intense or extended droughts. For example, during. 1977 when average snow water ...
... available to generate extreme rainfall. These storms may generate the greatest ¯oods in some alpine basins that are high enough to avoid midwinter rain on snow events. Stream ¯ow in Sierra Nevada rivers may be low during intense or extended droughts. For example, during. 1977 when average snow water ...
The Kyoto Protocol and Beyond: The World After 2012
... Bank has financed will over the next 20 to 50 years add carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere equivalent to 1.3 times the total amount emitted by all the world’s countries in 1995.21 To achieve a higher level of policy integration then, climate objectives, and environmental goals more broadly, ...
... Bank has financed will over the next 20 to 50 years add carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere equivalent to 1.3 times the total amount emitted by all the world’s countries in 1995.21 To achieve a higher level of policy integration then, climate objectives, and environmental goals more broadly, ...
4.3 Approach to CLIMATE CHANGE Scenario Development
... Although it is likely that temperatures will rise in most regions of the world,2 changes at the regional scale in many other key variables, such as precipitation, are uncertain for most regions. Even if the direction of change is likely, there can be uncertainty about the magnitude and path of chang ...
... Although it is likely that temperatures will rise in most regions of the world,2 changes at the regional scale in many other key variables, such as precipitation, are uncertain for most regions. Even if the direction of change is likely, there can be uncertainty about the magnitude and path of chang ...
Final qualitative report
... case the issue is almost completely political contextualized by the contemporary carbon tax debate. In terms of causes, natural drivers receive as much focus as human contribution, but are often based on vague scientific notions or a perceptual response to an individual experience of the changing ...
... case the issue is almost completely political contextualized by the contemporary carbon tax debate. In terms of causes, natural drivers receive as much focus as human contribution, but are often based on vague scientific notions or a perceptual response to an individual experience of the changing ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.