Bilateral Cooperation between China and the United States
... Policies that put an explicit price on carbon—ETSs and carbon taxes—can be cost-effective approaches to achieving carbon-reduction goals. Where abatement costs are heterogeneous across regions and industries (as is inevitably the case), pricing policies are cost-effective in the short run because th ...
... Policies that put an explicit price on carbon—ETSs and carbon taxes—can be cost-effective approaches to achieving carbon-reduction goals. Where abatement costs are heterogeneous across regions and industries (as is inevitably the case), pricing policies are cost-effective in the short run because th ...
Wine Grape Suitability and Quality in a Changing Climate
... acidity is lost. However, the warmer the climate, generally the higher the sugar content is in the grapes. Thus, warmer climates mean lower acidity but higher sugar levels, while cooler climates mean higher acidity but lower sugar levels (Pandell 1999). Total acidity (sometime referred to as Titrata ...
... acidity is lost. However, the warmer the climate, generally the higher the sugar content is in the grapes. Thus, warmer climates mean lower acidity but higher sugar levels, while cooler climates mean higher acidity but lower sugar levels (Pandell 1999). Total acidity (sometime referred to as Titrata ...
Sea Level Change in Western Australia
... mitigation. IPCC reports should be neutral with respect to policy, although they need to deal objectively with policy relevant scientific, technical and socio economic factors. They should be of high scientific and technical standards, and aim to reflect a range of views, expertise and wide geograph ...
... mitigation. IPCC reports should be neutral with respect to policy, although they need to deal objectively with policy relevant scientific, technical and socio economic factors. They should be of high scientific and technical standards, and aim to reflect a range of views, expertise and wide geograph ...
Clathrate gun hypothesis - Wikipedia, the free
... geological heating, but more thawing is believed to be due to the greatly increased volumes of meltwater being discharged from the Siberian rivers flowing north.[24] Current methane release has previously been estimated at 0.5 Mt per year.[25] Shakhova et al. (2008) estimate that not less than 1,400 ...
... geological heating, but more thawing is believed to be due to the greatly increased volumes of meltwater being discharged from the Siberian rivers flowing north.[24] Current methane release has previously been estimated at 0.5 Mt per year.[25] Shakhova et al. (2008) estimate that not less than 1,400 ...
Climate change regional review: Russia
... forestation, and re-forestation.8 More recently (March 18, 2013) the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment released a draft decree on ‘The Level of Greenhouse Gas Emissions’ necessary to facilitate the implementation of the Doctrine. The draft announces a national emission ‘reduction’ target ...
... forestation, and re-forestation.8 More recently (March 18, 2013) the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment released a draft decree on ‘The Level of Greenhouse Gas Emissions’ necessary to facilitate the implementation of the Doctrine. The draft announces a national emission ‘reduction’ target ...
Sustainability at - Melbourne Sustainable Society Institute
... Professor of Atmospheric Science at the University of Melbourne’s School of Earth Sciences, is still not satisfied. He’s working on ways to inform the public about whether extreme weather events like heatwaves, floods and bushfires are linked to climate change – within days. The process is rigorous; ...
... Professor of Atmospheric Science at the University of Melbourne’s School of Earth Sciences, is still not satisfied. He’s working on ways to inform the public about whether extreme weather events like heatwaves, floods and bushfires are linked to climate change – within days. The process is rigorous; ...
Global Climate Change and Wetlands: Issues and Awareness by
... (ii) assess the environmental and socio-economic impacts of climate change, and (iii) formulate response strategies. Based on its research, the IPCC concludes that "human activities, including the burning of fossil fuels, land-use change and agriculture, are increasing the atmospheric concentrations ...
... (ii) assess the environmental and socio-economic impacts of climate change, and (iii) formulate response strategies. Based on its research, the IPCC concludes that "human activities, including the burning of fossil fuels, land-use change and agriculture, are increasing the atmospheric concentrations ...
`Future` climate and impacts - Climatic Research Unit
... inter-annual variability is greater and the upper range of the observations is not exceeded very frequently in the future except for the IPSL model. Why is it relevant? An increase in the frequency of heat waves has been observed, particularly in southern Europe (IPCC, 2007). These events intensify ...
... inter-annual variability is greater and the upper range of the observations is not exceeded very frequently in the future except for the IPSL model. Why is it relevant? An increase in the frequency of heat waves has been observed, particularly in southern Europe (IPCC, 2007). These events intensify ...
Hot Damned America: Evangelicalism and the Climate Change
... force to be reckoned with, making up roughly 30 percent of the American population.2 Second, and perhaps more important, the response to climate change within the evangelical community has been quite discordant, thereby offering valuable insight into the complex and oft-misunderstood group labeled “ ...
... force to be reckoned with, making up roughly 30 percent of the American population.2 Second, and perhaps more important, the response to climate change within the evangelical community has been quite discordant, thereby offering valuable insight into the complex and oft-misunderstood group labeled “ ...
Swedish Clean Air and Climate Research Program SCAC
... BC and ozone), but short-lived components include also cooling agents where the influence on climate by aerosols depends on the chemical composition, size distribution and mixing state of the aerosol as well as the underlying surface. UNEP/WMO (2011) estimated that broad implementation of 16 existin ...
... BC and ozone), but short-lived components include also cooling agents where the influence on climate by aerosols depends on the chemical composition, size distribution and mixing state of the aerosol as well as the underlying surface. UNEP/WMO (2011) estimated that broad implementation of 16 existin ...
earth friendly agriculture for soil, water, and climate
... Climate change is a serious threat to global peace and security, yet collective actions are currently insufficient to curtail the increase in the global average temperature to a safe level; nevertheless, there is still an opportunity to change the trajectory the world is on before humanity gravely c ...
... Climate change is a serious threat to global peace and security, yet collective actions are currently insufficient to curtail the increase in the global average temperature to a safe level; nevertheless, there is still an opportunity to change the trajectory the world is on before humanity gravely c ...
Regional breakdown for IPCC AR5 WGII
... African countries are experiencing some of the world’s highest urbanization rates and the urban populations in Africa are projected to triple by 2050, increasing by 0.8 billion. As a consequence, many of Africa’s evolving cities are growing without planning and therefore have inadequate housing, lac ...
... African countries are experiencing some of the world’s highest urbanization rates and the urban populations in Africa are projected to triple by 2050, increasing by 0.8 billion. As a consequence, many of Africa’s evolving cities are growing without planning and therefore have inadequate housing, lac ...
Climate Justice in Rural Southeastern United States: A Review of
... While issues of climate justice have traditionally focused on urban populations, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) identifies serious concerns for vulnerable populations within rural regions in the U.S. because climate change health threats are not expected to affect al ...
... While issues of climate justice have traditionally focused on urban populations, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) identifies serious concerns for vulnerable populations within rural regions in the U.S. because climate change health threats are not expected to affect al ...
Climate change and ocean acidification in OSPAR
... Therefore WWF considers that CO2 equivalents should be stabilised at 400ppm globally, global emissions of CO2 should be halved by 2050 (from 1990 levels) and in industrialised countries, emissions of CO2 should be reduced by 80% by 2050. WWF agrees that we have the means to reduce GHG emissions a ...
... Therefore WWF considers that CO2 equivalents should be stabilised at 400ppm globally, global emissions of CO2 should be halved by 2050 (from 1990 levels) and in industrialised countries, emissions of CO2 should be reduced by 80% by 2050. WWF agrees that we have the means to reduce GHG emissions a ...
The trade-off between intra- and intergenerational equity in climate
... intragenerational and intergenerational. The first is mainly about how we should distribute the burdens within a generation, either within the generation living today or in the future, see Kverndokk and Rose (2008). Examples of this can be; who would suffer from climate change (inaction) and how sho ...
... intragenerational and intergenerational. The first is mainly about how we should distribute the burdens within a generation, either within the generation living today or in the future, see Kverndokk and Rose (2008). Examples of this can be; who would suffer from climate change (inaction) and how sho ...
Climate Change: Implementation of the
... emission levels of 1990 by 2020.643 Without the passage of The Climate Change Accountability Act, Prime Minister Stephen Harper remains committed to a 17 per cent decrease in emission levels from 2005 levels, “which is in line with American President Barack Obama’s target.”644 A study produced by th ...
... emission levels of 1990 by 2020.643 Without the passage of The Climate Change Accountability Act, Prime Minister Stephen Harper remains committed to a 17 per cent decrease in emission levels from 2005 levels, “which is in line with American President Barack Obama’s target.”644 A study produced by th ...
CIDSE_encyclical_press_release
... and addressing the causes which can lead to them. But powerful financial interests prove most resistant to this effort, and political planning tends to lack breadth of vision. What would induce anyone, at this stage, to hold on to power only to be remembered for their inability to take action when i ...
... and addressing the causes which can lead to them. But powerful financial interests prove most resistant to this effort, and political planning tends to lack breadth of vision. What would induce anyone, at this stage, to hold on to power only to be remembered for their inability to take action when i ...
CIRCE Stakeholder guidance document
... There are a wide variety of approaches and levels at which stakeholder involvement may take place, from the lowest level of passive engagement at which stakeholders solely supply information, to the highest level at which stakeholders actively design and initiate the process (Figure 2). At an interm ...
... There are a wide variety of approaches and levels at which stakeholder involvement may take place, from the lowest level of passive engagement at which stakeholders solely supply information, to the highest level at which stakeholders actively design and initiate the process (Figure 2). At an interm ...
Deep uncertainty in long-term hurricane risk: scenario generation and implications for future climate experiments: Working Paper 51 (556 kB) (opens in new window)
... The Munich Re Programme is evaluating the economics of climate risks and opportunities in the insurance sector. It is a comprehensive research programme that focuses on the assessment of the risks from climate change and on the appropriate responses, to inform decision-making in the private and publ ...
... The Munich Re Programme is evaluating the economics of climate risks and opportunities in the insurance sector. It is a comprehensive research programme that focuses on the assessment of the risks from climate change and on the appropriate responses, to inform decision-making in the private and publ ...
Rechtspraak.nl - Print uitspraak
... “This ‘best estimate’ assumption shows that the most stringent (category I) scenarios could limit global mean temperature increases to 2°C–2.4°C above pre-industrial levels, at equilibrium, requiring emissions to peak within 10 years. Similarly, limiting temperature increases to 2°C above preindustr ...
... “This ‘best estimate’ assumption shows that the most stringent (category I) scenarios could limit global mean temperature increases to 2°C–2.4°C above pre-industrial levels, at equilibrium, requiring emissions to peak within 10 years. Similarly, limiting temperature increases to 2°C above preindustr ...
The Philippine Adaptation and Mitigation Initiative for Agricultur
... Base on ADB’s and IFPRI (2009) studies on “Economics of Climate Change in Southeast Asia” the benefits from avoided damage in agriculture and the coastal zones of Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines could reach 1.9% of GDP by 2100, as compared to the adaptation cost of 0.2% of GDP. Wit ...
... Base on ADB’s and IFPRI (2009) studies on “Economics of Climate Change in Southeast Asia” the benefits from avoided damage in agriculture and the coastal zones of Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines could reach 1.9% of GDP by 2100, as compared to the adaptation cost of 0.2% of GDP. Wit ...
GHG projections of Romania
... • Projection calculations to be revised based on new emission calculation & projection models • Overselling the AAUs may jeopardize the compliance with Kyoto targets ...
... • Projection calculations to be revised based on new emission calculation & projection models • Overselling the AAUs may jeopardize the compliance with Kyoto targets ...
Potential near future runoff changes in Croatia
... reduction of precipitation in the south and an increase in the north could be indicative of changes in circulation pattern that would be more pronounced during the late 21st century in climate scenarios including increase of greenhouse gases concentrations (e.g. Giorgi and Coppola 2007). ...
... reduction of precipitation in the south and an increase in the north could be indicative of changes in circulation pattern that would be more pronounced during the late 21st century in climate scenarios including increase of greenhouse gases concentrations (e.g. Giorgi and Coppola 2007). ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.