THE ROLE OF LAND - SURFACE PROCESSES IN LOCAL, REGIONAL AND
... − The supply of irrigation water was lengthened by reducing the requirement and thus allowing the irrigation water to be conserved for use later in the season. At the current rate of usage, irrigation water is going to be short later in the summer season. Further good rains could help with the exten ...
... − The supply of irrigation water was lengthened by reducing the requirement and thus allowing the irrigation water to be conserved for use later in the season. At the current rate of usage, irrigation water is going to be short later in the summer season. Further good rains could help with the exten ...
Estimating intensive and extensive margin adaptation to climate
... should not be cited without permission of the author who is solely responsible for any errors. ...
... should not be cited without permission of the author who is solely responsible for any errors. ...
Approaches for generating climate change scenarios for use in
... century driven by observed natural and anthropogenic factors, and simulations of the 21st century driven by three (B1, A1B and A2) greenhouse gas and aerosol emissions scenarios reported in the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) (IPCC, 2000). Climate variables that are available in the dat ...
... century driven by observed natural and anthropogenic factors, and simulations of the 21st century driven by three (B1, A1B and A2) greenhouse gas and aerosol emissions scenarios reported in the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) (IPCC, 2000). Climate variables that are available in the dat ...
Conceptual framework: Definitions for key concepts
... landuse) and the broader physical-socio-economic conditions (or system drivers). Vulnerability is a function of the sensitivity of the social and physical systems. The IPCC AR4 (IPCC 2007, Appendix I: Glossary) uses the following definition: “Sensitivity is the degree to which a system is affected, ...
... landuse) and the broader physical-socio-economic conditions (or system drivers). Vulnerability is a function of the sensitivity of the social and physical systems. The IPCC AR4 (IPCC 2007, Appendix I: Glossary) uses the following definition: “Sensitivity is the degree to which a system is affected, ...
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... Amatayakul and Fenhann (2009), as well as Schmidt et al. (2008) assess the amount of emissions that could be reduced through sectoral targets in the main developing countries, but do not assess the economic impact. In this paper, we assess such a sectoral approach for developing countries. More prec ...
... Amatayakul and Fenhann (2009), as well as Schmidt et al. (2008) assess the amount of emissions that could be reduced through sectoral targets in the main developing countries, but do not assess the economic impact. In this paper, we assess such a sectoral approach for developing countries. More prec ...
IIIS Discussion Paper Rescaling climate justice: sub-national issues and
... also significant that these countries have contributed least to climate change (Wittman and Caron 2009). Impacts on this scale could spill over national borders with rising sea levels and other climatedriven changes driving millions of people to migrate (Stern 2006). Mary Robinson, former UN High Co ...
... also significant that these countries have contributed least to climate change (Wittman and Caron 2009). Impacts on this scale could spill over national borders with rising sea levels and other climatedriven changes driving millions of people to migrate (Stern 2006). Mary Robinson, former UN High Co ...
On the moral differences between mitigation and adaptation
... exactlywhereGHGemissionsarereduced.AreducedtonneofCO2 isareducedtonne regardless of whether a polluter lowers its own emissions directly or offsets them by reducing some other agent’s the emissions. Sometimes we might better meet our obligations by address ...
... exactlywhereGHGemissionsarereduced.AreducedtonneofCO2 isareducedtonne regardless of whether a polluter lowers its own emissions directly or offsets them by reducing some other agent’s the emissions. Sometimes we might better meet our obligations by address ...
Adaptive Capacity and Adaptation to Climate Change and Variability
... to employ more adaptation measures by increasing the provision of information, financial, and physical resources by: (b)conducting educational campaign and training on climate change and farming adaptation techniques; (c) supporting farm organizations in the municipality; (d) making accessible to al ...
... to employ more adaptation measures by increasing the provision of information, financial, and physical resources by: (b)conducting educational campaign and training on climate change and farming adaptation techniques; (c) supporting farm organizations in the municipality; (d) making accessible to al ...
Israel`s report to the UNFCCC on climate change, 2000
... the rate of climate change during the last century seems to be faster than any changes that occurred over the past 10,000 years (Houghton et al. 1990), strongly implying an anthropogenic effect. General Circulation Models (GCMs) are the state-of-the-art tool for reconstructing changes in climate sin ...
... the rate of climate change during the last century seems to be faster than any changes that occurred over the past 10,000 years (Houghton et al. 1990), strongly implying an anthropogenic effect. General Circulation Models (GCMs) are the state-of-the-art tool for reconstructing changes in climate sin ...
The Impacts of Climate Change on the Coral Reefs of the Caribbean
... weakened by temperature increases and other anthropogenic factors may not be able to grow and build their skeleton at a rate to keep up with rising sea levels. Increasing temperatures, translates into the increased likelihood of seasonal fluctuations that are likely to exceed the tolerance levels of ...
... weakened by temperature increases and other anthropogenic factors may not be able to grow and build their skeleton at a rate to keep up with rising sea levels. Increasing temperatures, translates into the increased likelihood of seasonal fluctuations that are likely to exceed the tolerance levels of ...
OESCHGER, HANS (b. Ottenbach, Zürich, Switzerland, 2 April 1927
... was first measured in the surface layers of the firn (granular snow) on Jungfraujoch in 1962. This technique was then applied to ice samples from Greenland as reported in 1963. The next goal was to date Greenland ice using radiocarbon. This marked the start of a long and fruitful collaboration with ...
... was first measured in the surface layers of the firn (granular snow) on Jungfraujoch in 1962. This technique was then applied to ice samples from Greenland as reported in 1963. The next goal was to date Greenland ice using radiocarbon. This marked the start of a long and fruitful collaboration with ...
MD/DC Metro Area - GAIA - The Johns Hopkins University Applied
... Ozone concentrations in parts per billion (ppb) were collected from the EPA’s Air Explorer tool. Query concentrations from the Air Quality System (AQS), EPA's repository of ambient air quality data, were recorded for ozone for each county in MD and VA, and DC, and averaged yearly from 2000-2010 to c ...
... Ozone concentrations in parts per billion (ppb) were collected from the EPA’s Air Explorer tool. Query concentrations from the Air Quality System (AQS), EPA's repository of ambient air quality data, were recorded for ozone for each county in MD and VA, and DC, and averaged yearly from 2000-2010 to c ...
Business Plan - Central Victorian Greenhouse Alliance
... Metrics for sustainable economic growth have not yet been determined to track this goal. ...
... Metrics for sustainable economic growth have not yet been determined to track this goal. ...
Rapid climate change and no-analog vegetation in lowland Central
... stadials and high lake levels during Greenland interstadials. These findings were consistent with southerly migration of the ITCZ during times of enhanced meltwater discharge from the Laurentide ice mass and sea ice cover in the North Atlantic (Peterson et al., 2000; Chiang and Bitz, 2005; Hodell et ...
... stadials and high lake levels during Greenland interstadials. These findings were consistent with southerly migration of the ITCZ during times of enhanced meltwater discharge from the Laurentide ice mass and sea ice cover in the North Atlantic (Peterson et al., 2000; Chiang and Bitz, 2005; Hodell et ...
Technical Summary - Climate Change 2013
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This comprehensive assessment of the physical aspects of climate change puts a focus on those elements that are relevant to understand past, document current and project future climate change. The assessment builds on the IPCC Fourth Assessment Repor ...
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This comprehensive assessment of the physical aspects of climate change puts a focus on those elements that are relevant to understand past, document current and project future climate change. The assessment builds on the IPCC Fourth Assessment Repor ...
The representative concentration pathways: an overview
... 2) The RCPs should provide information on all components of radiative forcing that are needed as input for climate modeling and atmospheric chemistry modeling (emissions of greenhouse gases, air pollutants and land use). Moreover, they should make such information available in a geographically expli ...
... 2) The RCPs should provide information on all components of radiative forcing that are needed as input for climate modeling and atmospheric chemistry modeling (emissions of greenhouse gases, air pollutants and land use). Moreover, they should make such information available in a geographically expli ...
Day of Prayer - sample content
... is very worrying, implying there is little older ice remaining. Pray that the findings of this research will be taken very seriously and will provide valuable evidence of the speed of warming taking place at the poles. ...
... is very worrying, implying there is little older ice remaining. Pray that the findings of this research will be taken very seriously and will provide valuable evidence of the speed of warming taking place at the poles. ...
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... There is a large literature that uses crop models to estimate climate change impacts on the yield of major grains in Europe. These studies reveal that both negative and positive impacts are possible (EC, 2009). Iglesias et al. (2012b) and White et al. (2011) review many crop model papers that estima ...
... There is a large literature that uses crop models to estimate climate change impacts on the yield of major grains in Europe. These studies reveal that both negative and positive impacts are possible (EC, 2009). Iglesias et al. (2012b) and White et al. (2011) review many crop model papers that estima ...
P6_TA-PROV(2009)0000 - European Parliament
... X. whereas the WTO does not represent an alternative negotiating forum for international action on the climate, and whereas without a successful conclusion to the post-2012 negotiations world trade cannot be expected to help in combating climate change, Y. whereas the EU's carbon footprint includes ...
... X. whereas the WTO does not represent an alternative negotiating forum for international action on the climate, and whereas without a successful conclusion to the post-2012 negotiations world trade cannot be expected to help in combating climate change, Y. whereas the EU's carbon footprint includes ...
Trends and Variability in Snowmelt Runoff in the Western United
... et al. (2005) speculate that trends in SMR timing could be a response to the increased frequency of El Nino events in recent decades, or to general global warming. The first PC resulting from the PCA of the CMD data is not well correlated with either of these indices; however, the second PC is signi ...
... et al. (2005) speculate that trends in SMR timing could be a response to the increased frequency of El Nino events in recent decades, or to general global warming. The first PC resulting from the PCA of the CMD data is not well correlated with either of these indices; however, the second PC is signi ...
Anthropogenic Climate Change in the Playa Lakes Joint Venture
... (including humans) exist in a particular climate era, and that climate can change, is changing, and will continue to change — and these changes may be rapid. Conservation programs that do not include a range of future climate regimes risk irrelevance. Second, when focusing on new, emerging climate r ...
... (including humans) exist in a particular climate era, and that climate can change, is changing, and will continue to change — and these changes may be rapid. Conservation programs that do not include a range of future climate regimes risk irrelevance. Second, when focusing on new, emerging climate r ...
Antarctic climate change and the environment: an update
... 11. Diatom data from sediment cores show that at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), about 21,000 years BP, Antarctic sea ice was double its current extent in winter and also increased in extent in summer in at least some ocean sectors. In the Scotia Sea there is evidence that winter sea ice reached its ...
... 11. Diatom data from sediment cores show that at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), about 21,000 years BP, Antarctic sea ice was double its current extent in winter and also increased in extent in summer in at least some ocean sectors. In the Scotia Sea there is evidence that winter sea ice reached its ...
The role of biospheric feedbacks in the simulation of the... historical land cover change on the Australian January climate
... there is no Human-induced LCC, temperature changes of 0.1 – 0.2C are widespread. This is the result of the biospheric feedback that lead to large scale warming in Bio as the vegetation responds to increasing CO2 and climate change by reducing gs [cf. Sellers et al., 1996]. [12] We test the statisti ...
... there is no Human-induced LCC, temperature changes of 0.1 – 0.2C are widespread. This is the result of the biospheric feedback that lead to large scale warming in Bio as the vegetation responds to increasing CO2 and climate change by reducing gs [cf. Sellers et al., 1996]. [12] We test the statisti ...
Climate Change News 33 October 12
... Livestock and renewable energy The ‘Livestock and renewable energy’ paper assesses existing synergies between livestock and the renewable energy sector. It considers the potential benefits that could arise from the interaction of these sectors in areas such as mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions, ...
... Livestock and renewable energy The ‘Livestock and renewable energy’ paper assesses existing synergies between livestock and the renewable energy sector. It considers the potential benefits that could arise from the interaction of these sectors in areas such as mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions, ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.