states and cities as actors in global climate regulation: unitary vs
... reentry into serious international climate negotiations, which is prerequisite for developing an effective post-Kyoto system of global climate regulation.18 These initiatives have provided a catalyst for domestic public attention and support and enhanced the likelihood that Congress will at last act ...
... reentry into serious international climate negotiations, which is prerequisite for developing an effective post-Kyoto system of global climate regulation.18 These initiatives have provided a catalyst for domestic public attention and support and enhanced the likelihood that Congress will at last act ...
UK climate change policy and legislation
... report setting out scenarios for how the 2050 target to reduce emissions by 80 per cent relative to 1990 levels can be achieved with international aviation and shipping included. ...
... report setting out scenarios for how the 2050 target to reduce emissions by 80 per cent relative to 1990 levels can be achieved with international aviation and shipping included. ...
US Food Security and Climate Change
... Analysis shows that climate change does not represent a near-term threat to food security to the US. US crop yields have shown a steady exponential growth over the past 40 years of increasing temperatures This trend is expected to continue for the next 40 years (through 2050), provided that producer ...
... Analysis shows that climate change does not represent a near-term threat to food security to the US. US crop yields have shown a steady exponential growth over the past 40 years of increasing temperatures This trend is expected to continue for the next 40 years (through 2050), provided that producer ...
Agriculture and Climate Change
... and resource use efficiency can stimulate take-up of innovative technologies that support sustainable and climate-friendly goals. In terms of risk management, access to tools that assess future weather conditions (e.g. weather forecasting or early warning systems) enable farmers to take pre-emptive ...
... and resource use efficiency can stimulate take-up of innovative technologies that support sustainable and climate-friendly goals. In terms of risk management, access to tools that assess future weather conditions (e.g. weather forecasting or early warning systems) enable farmers to take pre-emptive ...
Climate Change Fact Sheet Series
... years the Earth’s surface and lowest part of the atmosphere have warmed up on average by about 0.6oC. During this period, manmade emissions of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide have increased, largely as a result of the burning of fossil fuels for energy and trans ...
... years the Earth’s surface and lowest part of the atmosphere have warmed up on average by about 0.6oC. During this period, manmade emissions of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide have increased, largely as a result of the burning of fossil fuels for energy and trans ...
Curriculum Vitae - Department of Atmospheric Sciences
... Bach, W. and A.K. Jain, 1993: Climate and Ecosystem Protection Requires Binding Emission Targets: The Specific Task After Rio(II), Prospective in Energy, 2/3, 173-214. Jain, A.K. and W. Bach, 1994: The effectiveness of measures to reduce the man-made greenhouse effect: the application of a climate-p ...
... Bach, W. and A.K. Jain, 1993: Climate and Ecosystem Protection Requires Binding Emission Targets: The Specific Task After Rio(II), Prospective in Energy, 2/3, 173-214. Jain, A.K. and W. Bach, 1994: The effectiveness of measures to reduce the man-made greenhouse effect: the application of a climate-p ...
Population Engineering and the Fight against Climate Change
... among scientists and policy experts is that averting the harms of climate change requires that we act quickly and decisively to mitigate climate disruption by changing our carbon practices (by reducing consumption, switching to renewable energy sources, etc.) and to adapt to those changes in climate ...
... among scientists and policy experts is that averting the harms of climate change requires that we act quickly and decisively to mitigate climate disruption by changing our carbon practices (by reducing consumption, switching to renewable energy sources, etc.) and to adapt to those changes in climate ...
Strengthening southern Africa`s response to global change
... Projected regional climate futures for southern Africa......................................................................................................8 Coupling atmospheric and ocean models......................................................................................................... ...
... Projected regional climate futures for southern Africa......................................................................................................8 Coupling atmospheric and ocean models......................................................................................................... ...
Climate Risk Assessment for Water Resources
... The CRA initiative is prudent because of a history of marked climate variability with significant socio-economic and environmental impacts. Archival records show evidence of a regional, multi-decadal drought between 1738 and 1756, centered on the Great Bend of the River Niger but extending far south ...
... The CRA initiative is prudent because of a history of marked climate variability with significant socio-economic and environmental impacts. Archival records show evidence of a regional, multi-decadal drought between 1738 and 1756, centered on the Great Bend of the River Niger but extending far south ...
Predicting species responses to climate change: demography and
... warmer conditions. A second question that can be addressed by refining bioclimate models with field data concerns whether species can persist in microrefugia, microclimates that support small populations of species beyond the boundaries of the climatic limits of their main distributions (Rull, 2009; ...
... warmer conditions. A second question that can be addressed by refining bioclimate models with field data concerns whether species can persist in microrefugia, microclimates that support small populations of species beyond the boundaries of the climatic limits of their main distributions (Rull, 2009; ...
Increasing Participation and Compliance in International Climate Change Agreements* SCOTT BARRETT
... put aside participation and compliance issues, because the existence of an effective government vested with effective coercive powers is assumed. In the international domain, however, full national sovereignty for individual nations means that free rider problems make it unlikely that adequate parti ...
... put aside participation and compliance issues, because the existence of an effective government vested with effective coercive powers is assumed. In the international domain, however, full national sovereignty for individual nations means that free rider problems make it unlikely that adequate parti ...
Climate debt: A primer
... These realities must be fully and fairly reflected in any agreed outcome in Copenhagen. Doing so is required by the basic principles and provisions of the Climate Convention and by the Bali Action Plan, which calls for full, effective and sustained implementation of the Convention. Developed countr ...
... These realities must be fully and fairly reflected in any agreed outcome in Copenhagen. Doing so is required by the basic principles and provisions of the Climate Convention and by the Bali Action Plan, which calls for full, effective and sustained implementation of the Convention. Developed countr ...
State of the Jamaican Climate 2012:Information for
... State of the Jamaican Climate 2012: Information for Resilience Building. The full report contains the most up to date compilation of the state of the climate of Jamaica (as of the year 2012), including how and why Jamaica’s climate is known to vary, how it has changed historically and how it is like ...
... State of the Jamaican Climate 2012: Information for Resilience Building. The full report contains the most up to date compilation of the state of the climate of Jamaica (as of the year 2012), including how and why Jamaica’s climate is known to vary, how it has changed historically and how it is like ...
Climate change and European forests: What do we know, what are
... the Fourth IPCC Assessment Report (Christensen et al., 2007). These scenarios have now been around for several years, however a knowledge and communication gap still remains as to how these climate change scenarios can be interpreted and what they imply for European forestry. The knowledge about pot ...
... the Fourth IPCC Assessment Report (Christensen et al., 2007). These scenarios have now been around for several years, however a knowledge and communication gap still remains as to how these climate change scenarios can be interpreted and what they imply for European forestry. The knowledge about pot ...
Knowledge, ignorance and the popular culture: climate change
... culture, and technology in establishing consensual guidelines for ignorance. The upshot is a sociological model of how the “knowledge society” actually militates against the acquisition of scientific knowledge. Given this backdrop, it tries to show why the ozone hole was capable of engendering some ...
... culture, and technology in establishing consensual guidelines for ignorance. The upshot is a sociological model of how the “knowledge society” actually militates against the acquisition of scientific knowledge. Given this backdrop, it tries to show why the ozone hole was capable of engendering some ...
2007 August, Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Policy and Economics
... While Kansas is just one state and climate change is a global problem, it is important not to understate the significance of Kansas as an emitter of greenhouse gases. To put it into a global perspective, if Kansas were an independent nation, it would rank as the 44th largest emitter of carbon into t ...
... While Kansas is just one state and climate change is a global problem, it is important not to understate the significance of Kansas as an emitter of greenhouse gases. To put it into a global perspective, if Kansas were an independent nation, it would rank as the 44th largest emitter of carbon into t ...
Download paper (PDF)
... discount rate. Because the potential benefits from mitigation accrue many centuries into the future, even small changes in the discount rate can have a large effect on the appropriate emissions price. We approach climate change as a standard asset pricing problem. Carbon in the atmosphere is an ‘ass ...
... discount rate. Because the potential benefits from mitigation accrue many centuries into the future, even small changes in the discount rate can have a large effect on the appropriate emissions price. We approach climate change as a standard asset pricing problem. Carbon in the atmosphere is an ‘ass ...
China`s Policies and Actions for Addressing Climate Change
... emissions and contribute to the common efforts of addressing climate change. — To place equal emphasis on both mitigation and adaptation. Mitigation and adaptation are integral components of the strategy for coping with climate change. Mitigation is a long and arduous challenge, while adaptation is ...
... emissions and contribute to the common efforts of addressing climate change. — To place equal emphasis on both mitigation and adaptation. Mitigation and adaptation are integral components of the strategy for coping with climate change. Mitigation is a long and arduous challenge, while adaptation is ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.