Coral Reef Monitoring for Climate Change Impact Assessment and
... The overall objective of C5 is to assist CPACC countries establish long-term coral reef monitoring programs which will, over time, show the impacts of climate change factors such as temperature stress, sea-level rise and hurricanes. These monitoring programs will continue beyond the life of the CPAC ...
... The overall objective of C5 is to assist CPACC countries establish long-term coral reef monitoring programs which will, over time, show the impacts of climate change factors such as temperature stress, sea-level rise and hurricanes. These monitoring programs will continue beyond the life of the CPAC ...
Impact of Climate Change and Human Activity on the Runoff
... In this study, temperature , precipitation and potential evaporation are selected as climatic factors, the temperature and precipitation data were from Shandan, Yongchang, Wuqiaoling and Jingtai meteorological station , For lack of long-term evaporation observations, potential evapotranspiration was ...
... In this study, temperature , precipitation and potential evaporation are selected as climatic factors, the temperature and precipitation data were from Shandan, Yongchang, Wuqiaoling and Jingtai meteorological station , For lack of long-term evaporation observations, potential evapotranspiration was ...
Linking the scales of process, observation and modeling of dust
... Dust processes span more than twelve orders of magnitude in spatial and temporal scales, from individual grain-to-grain collisions that take place in fractions of a second, to global transport of dust over glacial-interglacial cycles (Figure 1a). The methods used to study dust-cycle processes must t ...
... Dust processes span more than twelve orders of magnitude in spatial and temporal scales, from individual grain-to-grain collisions that take place in fractions of a second, to global transport of dust over glacial-interglacial cycles (Figure 1a). The methods used to study dust-cycle processes must t ...
anthropology and climate change - North Atlantic Biocultural
... camels.’” Although it seems completely plausible that such highly adaptive cultures as the reindeer-herding Eveny of northeastern Siberia will find ways to feed themselves even if their reindeer cannot survive the projected climactic shifts, as anthropologists we need to grapple with the implication ...
... camels.’” Although it seems completely plausible that such highly adaptive cultures as the reindeer-herding Eveny of northeastern Siberia will find ways to feed themselves even if their reindeer cannot survive the projected climactic shifts, as anthropologists we need to grapple with the implication ...
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... • Next, show students the average temperature data for the same time period that they observed. To access the data for Newburgh, NY, go to: www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/daily/USNY1003 To use the data from your city, follow the instructions in Advanced Preparation. Ask students to f ...
... • Next, show students the average temperature data for the same time period that they observed. To access the data for Newburgh, NY, go to: www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/daily/USNY1003 To use the data from your city, follow the instructions in Advanced Preparation. Ask students to f ...
Togo - unfccc
... INTRODUCTION Togo has historically emitted little in the way of greenhouse gases and so has only had a very small part to play in the current climate crisis. However, it must already contend with the harmful consequences of climate change. Although it is one of the least developed countries and has ...
... INTRODUCTION Togo has historically emitted little in the way of greenhouse gases and so has only had a very small part to play in the current climate crisis. However, it must already contend with the harmful consequences of climate change. Although it is one of the least developed countries and has ...
Climate: Observations, projections and impacts
... of future changes. These reports complement those published by the IPCC as well as the more detailed climate change and impact studies published nationally. Each report contains: • A description of key features of national weather and climate, including an analysis of new data on extreme events. • A ...
... of future changes. These reports complement those published by the IPCC as well as the more detailed climate change and impact studies published nationally. Each report contains: • A description of key features of national weather and climate, including an analysis of new data on extreme events. • A ...
Strengthening Sovereignty
... stand out as instructive examples of the two main countervailing forces in climate change: injurious and ameliorative, respectively. This paper makes three key findings. One, climate change is slow- and fast-moving with impacts that are short- and long-lived. Observed changes are outpacing predictio ...
... stand out as instructive examples of the two main countervailing forces in climate change: injurious and ameliorative, respectively. This paper makes three key findings. One, climate change is slow- and fast-moving with impacts that are short- and long-lived. Observed changes are outpacing predictio ...
2 Echoes of 1983 `Weather Alert` report
... scientific observations and computer simulations that model future climate. 2007 has been a year of climatic crises, especially floods, often of an unprecedented nature. They included Africa’s worst floods in three decades, unprecedented flooding in Mexico, massive floods in South Asia and heat wave ...
... scientific observations and computer simulations that model future climate. 2007 has been a year of climatic crises, especially floods, often of an unprecedented nature. They included Africa’s worst floods in three decades, unprecedented flooding in Mexico, massive floods in South Asia and heat wave ...
Eco-physiological adaptations that favour freshwater cyanobacteria
... Over the past century, global mean surface air temperatures have increased by 0.74 0.18 C (Trenberth et al., 2007). This warming trend is expected to continue, with higher latitudes warming more than lower latitudes (Solomon et al., 2007). Warming will be strongest in winter for northern areas i ...
... Over the past century, global mean surface air temperatures have increased by 0.74 0.18 C (Trenberth et al., 2007). This warming trend is expected to continue, with higher latitudes warming more than lower latitudes (Solomon et al., 2007). Warming will be strongest in winter for northern areas i ...
FAQs - A Convention For Persons Displaced By Climate Change
... climate change, that program does not specifically deal with the situation of climate change refugees. Like the refugee regime, the UNFCCC was not designed for, and to date has not adequately dealt with ...
... climate change, that program does not specifically deal with the situation of climate change refugees. Like the refugee regime, the UNFCCC was not designed for, and to date has not adequately dealt with ...
Global changes in seasonal means and extremes of precipitation
... seasonal mean and extreme values, respectively, expressed in mm/d. The two black open circles are the points corresponding to the Cdry and Cwet bivariate thresholds. The open gray circles and gray pluses are the precipitation values within reference period 1 (1951–1975) and period 6 (2076–2100), res ...
... seasonal mean and extreme values, respectively, expressed in mm/d. The two black open circles are the points corresponding to the Cdry and Cwet bivariate thresholds. The open gray circles and gray pluses are the precipitation values within reference period 1 (1951–1975) and period 6 (2076–2100), res ...
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... governments need to “do more” in these areas, but there are few specifics on what this actually entails. This paper examines the efforts of the European Union (EU) to define an adaptation policy for its agricultural sector and then gauges the likely effects of differing levels of adaptation as refle ...
... governments need to “do more” in these areas, but there are few specifics on what this actually entails. This paper examines the efforts of the European Union (EU) to define an adaptation policy for its agricultural sector and then gauges the likely effects of differing levels of adaptation as refle ...
Scientific aspects - Wageningen UR E
... impacts, even with relatively small degrees of warming will impose significant new costs on European society. Second, there is great uncertainty about the scale of these costs. Third, under these circumstances it is very difficult to determine an „optimal‟ adaptation strategy. And fourth, while adap ...
... impacts, even with relatively small degrees of warming will impose significant new costs on European society. Second, there is great uncertainty about the scale of these costs. Third, under these circumstances it is very difficult to determine an „optimal‟ adaptation strategy. And fourth, while adap ...
INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL IPCC-XVIII/Doc. 2 ON CLIMATE
... consequences of climate change for least developed countries. In assuring the continued support of UNEP to the IPCC he referred explicitly to the recent decision 21/9 by the UNEP Governing Council. ...
... consequences of climate change for least developed countries. In assuring the continued support of UNEP to the IPCC he referred explicitly to the recent decision 21/9 by the UNEP Governing Council. ...
wrm bulletin # 37 - World Rainforest Movement
... understandable concepts in order to facilitate very much needed public participation in the debate. As a contribution to that end, we have focused this issue of th e WRM Bulletin entirely on this matter, of vital importance for the future of humanity as a whole. The solution to climate change -which ...
... understandable concepts in order to facilitate very much needed public participation in the debate. As a contribution to that end, we have focused this issue of th e WRM Bulletin entirely on this matter, of vital importance for the future of humanity as a whole. The solution to climate change -which ...
air traffic controls: the hidden costs of a new london runway
... used by the Commission is the requirement for airlines to cruise at slower speeds, change how they taxi, and reduce the spare fuel they carry, which could save a total of 3.1% by 2040.15 This is only a small saving compared with the others discussed, but it is, again, not clear whether it is achieva ...
... used by the Commission is the requirement for airlines to cruise at slower speeds, change how they taxi, and reduce the spare fuel they carry, which could save a total of 3.1% by 2040.15 This is only a small saving compared with the others discussed, but it is, again, not clear whether it is achieva ...
Urban Planning for Climate Change – Position Paper of FIG Working
... (Sustainability Center Bremen 2009: 8) or climate-change relevant tasks (German Institute of Urban Affairs 2011: 33) and cover far more than only the sector energy. Therefore, the following paragraphs also exemplarily consider settlement structures, settlement expansion as well as new energy-systems ...
... (Sustainability Center Bremen 2009: 8) or climate-change relevant tasks (German Institute of Urban Affairs 2011: 33) and cover far more than only the sector energy. Therefore, the following paragraphs also exemplarily consider settlement structures, settlement expansion as well as new energy-systems ...
CANADA`S SECOND BIENNIAL REPORT ON CLIMATE CHANGE
... Climate Change and Green Economy Plan establishing new GHG emission reduction targets, and signalled its intent to develop a new cap-andtrade program for large emitters. Manitoba has also indicated that it will link its system with the cap-and-trade systems of Ontario, Quebec and California as part ...
... Climate Change and Green Economy Plan establishing new GHG emission reduction targets, and signalled its intent to develop a new cap-andtrade program for large emitters. Manitoba has also indicated that it will link its system with the cap-and-trade systems of Ontario, Quebec and California as part ...
Dissemination of information on climate change: a case study KwaNgwanase in KwaZulu-Natal
... Networks are supported in Melchioly and Saebo’s (2010:1) observation that mobile phone technology has become the mainstream delivery mode owing to widespread reach to the majority of the African population. In South Africa mobile phones and technologies such as geographic information systems (GIS) c ...
... Networks are supported in Melchioly and Saebo’s (2010:1) observation that mobile phone technology has become the mainstream delivery mode owing to widespread reach to the majority of the African population. In South Africa mobile phones and technologies such as geographic information systems (GIS) c ...
Future risk of record-breaking summer temperatures and its
... Naylor (2009) examined the probability that summers at the end of the 21st century will be warmer than the record to date. They showed that by the end of the 21st century under a scenario of continued rise in greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations, the probability of exceeding the historical summer tem ...
... Naylor (2009) examined the probability that summers at the end of the 21st century will be warmer than the record to date. They showed that by the end of the 21st century under a scenario of continued rise in greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations, the probability of exceeding the historical summer tem ...
Air-mass Origin in the Arctic. Part II: Response to Increases in
... Future changes in transport from Northern Hemisphere (NH) midlatitudes into the Arctic are examined using rigorously defined air-mass fractions that partition air in the Arctic according to where it last had contact with the planetary boundary layer (PBL). Boreal winter (December–February) and summe ...
... Future changes in transport from Northern Hemisphere (NH) midlatitudes into the Arctic are examined using rigorously defined air-mass fractions that partition air in the Arctic according to where it last had contact with the planetary boundary layer (PBL). Boreal winter (December–February) and summe ...
Total aerosol effect: radiative forcing or radiative flux perturbation?
... method, which is straightforward to calculate in most global aerosol models. Two questions arise about the RFP method: (1) Is it a valid approach for comparing aerosol effects that include fast feedbacks and interactions (cloud lifetime effect, semi-direct effect or aerosol interactions with mixed-p ...
... method, which is straightforward to calculate in most global aerosol models. Two questions arise about the RFP method: (1) Is it a valid approach for comparing aerosol effects that include fast feedbacks and interactions (cloud lifetime effect, semi-direct effect or aerosol interactions with mixed-p ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.