MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change
... of sun energy that is trapped in the earth system and therefore to changes in the earth’s climate itself. Predictions of these changes are hard as the various inter-related mechanisms of heat storage, carbon storage, cloud processes, effects of additional pollutants and the feedback between the diff ...
... of sun energy that is trapped in the earth system and therefore to changes in the earth’s climate itself. Predictions of these changes are hard as the various inter-related mechanisms of heat storage, carbon storage, cloud processes, effects of additional pollutants and the feedback between the diff ...
Document
... • Assistance would be provided in the form of free allocation of permits. • Assistance would be focused on Emissions-Intensive Trade-Exposed (EITE) industry • Limited one-off assistance to strongly affected industry that is not trade exposed • The initial level of assistance for EITE activities set ...
... • Assistance would be provided in the form of free allocation of permits. • Assistance would be focused on Emissions-Intensive Trade-Exposed (EITE) industry • Limited one-off assistance to strongly affected industry that is not trade exposed • The initial level of assistance for EITE activities set ...
full text (pdf)
... Protocol to the UNFCCC, adopted in 1997, sets binding targets for the sum of emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) weighted by the Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) of each gas using a 1 ...
... Protocol to the UNFCCC, adopted in 1997, sets binding targets for the sum of emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) weighted by the Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) of each gas using a 1 ...
Báo cáo đánh giá tính tổn thương BĐKH trong hoạt động
... rainfall decline in the northern climates and rainfall increase in the southern climates. On average, nationwide annual rainfall has decreased by about two per cent (National Target Program on Coping with Climate Change, MONRE, 2008) over 50 years (19582007). By 2050, the estimated rainfall in the N ...
... rainfall decline in the northern climates and rainfall increase in the southern climates. On average, nationwide annual rainfall has decreased by about two per cent (National Target Program on Coping with Climate Change, MONRE, 2008) over 50 years (19582007). By 2050, the estimated rainfall in the N ...
How does climate mitigation policy affect adaptation? An empirical
... resulting from the above four mechanisms of harvest timing, harvest intensity, replanting, and natural disturbance. Thus, a major gap in the literature on climate change and natural resources is in understanding the time path of how a landscape can change when it is comprised of many individual land ...
... resulting from the above four mechanisms of harvest timing, harvest intensity, replanting, and natural disturbance. Thus, a major gap in the literature on climate change and natural resources is in understanding the time path of how a landscape can change when it is comprised of many individual land ...
Adaptation Planning – What Other States are Doing
... The scientific community has reached a strong consensus that the climate is changing. Current projections by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicate the continental United State can expect temperature increases of between 5.4ºF and 12.6ºF by the year 2100.1 This warming will ha ...
... The scientific community has reached a strong consensus that the climate is changing. Current projections by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicate the continental United State can expect temperature increases of between 5.4ºF and 12.6ºF by the year 2100.1 This warming will ha ...
Report
... atmosphere, particularly CO2, has increased exponentially due to anthropogenic activities such as fossil fuel burning and land use changes. This accumulation adversely impacts climate by increasing global temperatures. Deforestation and forest degradation contribute approximately 17% of total global ...
... atmosphere, particularly CO2, has increased exponentially due to anthropogenic activities such as fossil fuel burning and land use changes. This accumulation adversely impacts climate by increasing global temperatures. Deforestation and forest degradation contribute approximately 17% of total global ...
Modelling forest growth and carbon storage in response to
... concentration, it could be thought that plant responses to increasing temperature should be easier to predict as it is possible to study growth of plants currently growing in regions with different temperatures, and use their observed growth as a guide to plant responses with global warming. Such re ...
... concentration, it could be thought that plant responses to increasing temperature should be easier to predict as it is possible to study growth of plants currently growing in regions with different temperatures, and use their observed growth as a guide to plant responses with global warming. Such re ...
Examining Links Between Religion, Evolution Views, and Climate
... story?” The four potential responses ranged from “not at all likely” to “very likely.” The second item asked, “As far as the people running these institutions are concerned, how much confidence do you have in? The scientific community.” Possible responses were “hardly any,” “some,” or “a great deal. ...
... story?” The four potential responses ranged from “not at all likely” to “very likely.” The second item asked, “As far as the people running these institutions are concerned, how much confidence do you have in? The scientific community.” Possible responses were “hardly any,” “some,” or “a great deal. ...
MAPPING CLIMATE CHANGE AND SECURITY IN NORTH AFRICA
... Potential Climate Change-Related Security Consequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Where Are the Vulnerable Areas in North Africa? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Narratives of Climate Vulnerability in North Africa . . . . . . . ...
... Potential Climate Change-Related Security Consequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Where Are the Vulnerable Areas in North Africa? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Narratives of Climate Vulnerability in North Africa . . . . . . . ...
a post-IPCC AR4 update on sea- level rise
... mechanisms of the response include: surface melt water making its way to the base of the ice sheet, lubricating its motion and allowing the ice to slide more rapidly into the ocean; and the decay of ice shelves and the loss of their ‘buttressing’ effect on the seaward movement of the outlet glaciers ...
... mechanisms of the response include: surface melt water making its way to the base of the ice sheet, lubricating its motion and allowing the ice to slide more rapidly into the ocean; and the decay of ice shelves and the loss of their ‘buttressing’ effect on the seaward movement of the outlet glaciers ...
Course on review of higher tiers non
... and GTPs in particular, encompassing all sources of uncertainties; Characterize uncertainty associated with ocean heat uptake, climate sensitivity, carbon cycle response and other processes in a hierarchy of climate models; and understand and communicate the simplifications embedded in reduced compl ...
... and GTPs in particular, encompassing all sources of uncertainties; Characterize uncertainty associated with ocean heat uptake, climate sensitivity, carbon cycle response and other processes in a hierarchy of climate models; and understand and communicate the simplifications embedded in reduced compl ...
Changes in Global Monsoon Circulations Since 1950 229 T. N. CHASE
... in Northern Australian precipitation during the austral summer season as a result of rising CO2 in model simulations. Though no reports of effects on the African monsoons exist that we are aware of, a similar response might be expected for these regions given that the tropical atmospheric moisture c ...
... in Northern Australian precipitation during the austral summer season as a result of rising CO2 in model simulations. Though no reports of effects on the African monsoons exist that we are aware of, a similar response might be expected for these regions given that the tropical atmospheric moisture c ...
Lecture 2 FINAL DRAFT
... success of policy proposals are deeply influenced by a host of socio-economic and political factors. More and better science and technology, alone, will not lead to optimal climate policies. Climate change policy makers face many challenges. They must deal with considerable and irreducible uncertain ...
... success of policy proposals are deeply influenced by a host of socio-economic and political factors. More and better science and technology, alone, will not lead to optimal climate policies. Climate change policy makers face many challenges. They must deal with considerable and irreducible uncertain ...
climate change law: the emergence of a new legal discipline
... frameworks, with reverberations felt in many other areas of law such as constitutional law, administrative law and property law. Against this backdrop, this article seeks to provide an introduction to the new field of climate change law and to highlight the key issues that it will face as its develo ...
... frameworks, with reverberations felt in many other areas of law such as constitutional law, administrative law and property law. Against this backdrop, this article seeks to provide an introduction to the new field of climate change law and to highlight the key issues that it will face as its develo ...
Consequences of elevated temperature on prairie plants: legumes, nitrogen, and phenology
... Legumes (Fabaceae) play an important role in the nitrogen (N) cycle of terrestrial ecosystems, as they are often a significant source of N inputs (Cleveland et al. 1999) due to their symbiosis with dinitrogen (N2) fixing rhizobia bacteria. Ongoing increases in global temperatures due to anthropogeni ...
... Legumes (Fabaceae) play an important role in the nitrogen (N) cycle of terrestrial ecosystems, as they are often a significant source of N inputs (Cleveland et al. 1999) due to their symbiosis with dinitrogen (N2) fixing rhizobia bacteria. Ongoing increases in global temperatures due to anthropogeni ...
International Workshop on Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate
... Many development efforts and impacts are at risk if climate change is not taken into account. It is therefore necessary to integrate adaptation into different levels of development work, in addition to support to stand-alone climate change adaptation programmes. A number of actors in the fields of s ...
... Many development efforts and impacts are at risk if climate change is not taken into account. It is therefore necessary to integrate adaptation into different levels of development work, in addition to support to stand-alone climate change adaptation programmes. A number of actors in the fields of s ...
Adapting to Climate Change - City of Sydney
... We have planted more than 10,250 trees to absorb pollution and reduce summer temperatures towards a target to increase the City’s urban canopy cover 50% by 2030. We are implementing an Urban Ecology Strategic Action Plan to conserve and maintain our biodiversity, the first green roofs and walls poli ...
... We have planted more than 10,250 trees to absorb pollution and reduce summer temperatures towards a target to increase the City’s urban canopy cover 50% by 2030. We are implementing an Urban Ecology Strategic Action Plan to conserve and maintain our biodiversity, the first green roofs and walls poli ...
Poland`s Climate Policy- The strategies for greenhouse gas
... The decade of the 1990s brought growing unfavourable atmospheric phenomena causing a variety of weather anomalies. The international research and development and political communities quite generally believe that the dynamics of atmospheric phenomena now to be observed may be the effect of cumulated ...
... The decade of the 1990s brought growing unfavourable atmospheric phenomena causing a variety of weather anomalies. The international research and development and political communities quite generally believe that the dynamics of atmospheric phenomena now to be observed may be the effect of cumulated ...
Climate change impacts on Yangtze River discharge at the Three
... 2010). Therefore, it is instructive to examine how climate change may impact river discharges in the Yangtze Basin, as any modifications to the seasonal distribution of precipitation and temperature may also have a major effect on flooding, water resources and hydropower generation in the TGD. Using ...
... 2010). Therefore, it is instructive to examine how climate change may impact river discharges in the Yangtze Basin, as any modifications to the seasonal distribution of precipitation and temperature may also have a major effect on flooding, water resources and hydropower generation in the TGD. Using ...
Bringing EU policy into line with the Planetary Boundaries
... Translating the Planetary Boundaries to operational levels can best be done in two consecutive steps: i) downscaling of the boundaries to the regional or national level, and ii) using the downscaled boundaries as benchmarks for regional or national environmental performance. Downscaling of the Plane ...
... Translating the Planetary Boundaries to operational levels can best be done in two consecutive steps: i) downscaling of the boundaries to the regional or national level, and ii) using the downscaled boundaries as benchmarks for regional or national environmental performance. Downscaling of the Plane ...
Climate Change in Nuiqsut, Alaska
... boat as early as May and as late as November. At the National Weather Service station in Barrow, the average annual temperature has increased by 4.9 degrees Fahrenheit (1949-2012). The biggest increase has occurred during the winter, 7.3 degrees compared with the (still large) increase of 3.2 degree ...
... boat as early as May and as late as November. At the National Weather Service station in Barrow, the average annual temperature has increased by 4.9 degrees Fahrenheit (1949-2012). The biggest increase has occurred during the winter, 7.3 degrees compared with the (still large) increase of 3.2 degree ...
Southeast Florida Regional Climate Compact
... Emission Types ICLEI’s International Local Government Emissions Protocol (IEAP) assesses emissions from the six internationally recognized greenhouse gases regulated under the Kyoto Protocol as listed in Table 1. Given the scope of the Regional Climate Action Plan as established by the Regional Com ...
... Emission Types ICLEI’s International Local Government Emissions Protocol (IEAP) assesses emissions from the six internationally recognized greenhouse gases regulated under the Kyoto Protocol as listed in Table 1. Given the scope of the Regional Climate Action Plan as established by the Regional Com ...
THE BIG LIE - Council for American Students in International
... he reality of global warming and associated climate change is upon us. No longer is there any doubt, nor has there been among the vast majority of climate scientists for at least two decades, 2 that anthropogenic (human-caused) warming of the Earth is underway, mainly caused by the introduction into ...
... he reality of global warming and associated climate change is upon us. No longer is there any doubt, nor has there been among the vast majority of climate scientists for at least two decades, 2 that anthropogenic (human-caused) warming of the Earth is underway, mainly caused by the introduction into ...
Guide to Considering Climate Change in Project Development in
... Mitigation aims to avoid, reduce or at least limit climate change by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through: energy efficiency, the use of renewable energy such as solar and wind power, reducing or capturing/storing GHG emissions, restoring, enhancing, and preserving ...
... Mitigation aims to avoid, reduce or at least limit climate change by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through: energy efficiency, the use of renewable energy such as solar and wind power, reducing or capturing/storing GHG emissions, restoring, enhancing, and preserving ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.