A synthesis of the arctic terrestrial and marine carbon cycles under
... better knowledge of biogeochemical processes combined with improved model representations of ocean–land interactions are essential to accurately predict the development of arctic ecosystems and associated climate feedbacks. Keywords Arctic Carbon cycle Ocean Permafrost Sea ice Tundra ...
... better knowledge of biogeochemical processes combined with improved model representations of ocean–land interactions are essential to accurately predict the development of arctic ecosystems and associated climate feedbacks. Keywords Arctic Carbon cycle Ocean Permafrost Sea ice Tundra ...
THE BIG LIE - Council for American Students in International
... he reality of global warming and associated climate change is upon us. No longer is there any doubt, nor has there been among the vast majority of climate scientists for at least two decades, 2 that anthropogenic (human-caused) warming of the Earth is underway, mainly caused by the introduction into ...
... he reality of global warming and associated climate change is upon us. No longer is there any doubt, nor has there been among the vast majority of climate scientists for at least two decades, 2 that anthropogenic (human-caused) warming of the Earth is underway, mainly caused by the introduction into ...
Guide to Considering Climate Change in Project Development in
... Mitigation aims to avoid, reduce or at least limit climate change by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through: energy efficiency, the use of renewable energy such as solar and wind power, reducing or capturing/storing GHG emissions, restoring, enhancing, and preserving ...
... Mitigation aims to avoid, reduce or at least limit climate change by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through: energy efficiency, the use of renewable energy such as solar and wind power, reducing or capturing/storing GHG emissions, restoring, enhancing, and preserving ...
Guidelines for Use of Climate Scenarios Developed from Statistical
... The most straightforward means of obtaining higher spatial resolution scenarios is to apply coarse-scale climate change projections to a high resolution observed climate baseline – the change factor method. This method is often used when RCM output are unavailable, for sensitivity studies, or whenev ...
... The most straightforward means of obtaining higher spatial resolution scenarios is to apply coarse-scale climate change projections to a high resolution observed climate baseline – the change factor method. This method is often used when RCM output are unavailable, for sensitivity studies, or whenev ...
Low-carbon resilient development in the least developed countries
... nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMAs), which were driven and structured by the priorities and needs of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) process. On the contrary, national plans and strategies described in this paper are products of development planning a ...
... nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMAs), which were driven and structured by the priorities and needs of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) process. On the contrary, national plans and strategies described in this paper are products of development planning a ...
from boom to bust? climate risk in the golden state
... particularly important to consider outlier events and not just the most likely scenarios. Indeed, the “outlier” 1-in100 year event today will become the 1-in-10 year event as the earth continues to warm. Put another way, over time the extremes will become the “new normal.” ...
... particularly important to consider outlier events and not just the most likely scenarios. Indeed, the “outlier” 1-in100 year event today will become the 1-in-10 year event as the earth continues to warm. Put another way, over time the extremes will become the “new normal.” ...
A semiparametric multivariate, multisite weather generator with
... the performance of a system over a range of plausible climate changes to identify harmful climate states that could cause the system to fail. As the literature on this topic is relatively young, limited tools have been investigated for the production of altered climate time series over which to cond ...
... the performance of a system over a range of plausible climate changes to identify harmful climate states that could cause the system to fail. As the literature on this topic is relatively young, limited tools have been investigated for the production of altered climate time series over which to cond ...
EFFECTS OF RISING SEAWATER TEMPERATURE ON CORAL
... details of atmospheric circulation, and increased cloudiness will be greatest in low-pressure equatorial zones and least in high-pressure zones at the latitudinal limits of corals. As a result, the inhibition of coral growth by reduced light should show a latitudinal gradient, being greatest in equa ...
... details of atmospheric circulation, and increased cloudiness will be greatest in low-pressure equatorial zones and least in high-pressure zones at the latitudinal limits of corals. As a result, the inhibition of coral growth by reduced light should show a latitudinal gradient, being greatest in equa ...
NorthSouth asymmetry in the modeled phytoplankton community
... [4] Projected future climate change will result in a southto-north warming asymmetry, with both atmospheric and ocean surface temperatures increasing much less in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) compared to the Northern Hemisphere (NH) [Meehl et al., 2007]. In climate modeling studies, this has been la ...
... [4] Projected future climate change will result in a southto-north warming asymmetry, with both atmospheric and ocean surface temperatures increasing much less in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) compared to the Northern Hemisphere (NH) [Meehl et al., 2007]. In climate modeling studies, this has been la ...
green growth development based on low carbon city in jakarta
... 10 Corridor Busway construction with a total length of 171.5 km for a capacity of 524 units of BRT (Bus Rapid Transit) and 250,000 passengers / ...
... 10 Corridor Busway construction with a total length of 171.5 km for a capacity of 524 units of BRT (Bus Rapid Transit) and 250,000 passengers / ...
LCCARL395_en.pdf
... The Caribbean is already experiencing impacts resulting from climate change, which are projected to increase with further warming. The region’s geographical diversity means that a wide range of effects will be experienced. On the one hand, there may be opportunities to explore new crops and new mark ...
... The Caribbean is already experiencing impacts resulting from climate change, which are projected to increase with further warming. The region’s geographical diversity means that a wide range of effects will be experienced. On the one hand, there may be opportunities to explore new crops and new mark ...
PDF
... Nicaragua, Guatemala, Honduras, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe, India, Yemen, Indonesia, and Vietnam. We included additional locations suitable to produce Arabica coffee based on information provided by national coffee research institutes and a literature review. We the ...
... Nicaragua, Guatemala, Honduras, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe, India, Yemen, Indonesia, and Vietnam. We included additional locations suitable to produce Arabica coffee based on information provided by national coffee research institutes and a literature review. We the ...
Fact sheets of the international experiences on the formulation and
... In both rural and urban areas, climate change may have adverse impacts on economies, livelihoods and communities. Vulnerability to climate change has been recognized and highlighted in many ASEAN reports and meetings.[2] In 2009, an ASEAN Climate Change Initiative (ACCI) was designed. ...
... In both rural and urban areas, climate change may have adverse impacts on economies, livelihoods and communities. Vulnerability to climate change has been recognized and highlighted in many ASEAN reports and meetings.[2] In 2009, an ASEAN Climate Change Initiative (ACCI) was designed. ...
Climate Change in Pilot Point, Alaska
... Records from King Salmon’s weather station (80 miles North from Pilot Point) indicate that between 1949 and 2008, average annual temperatures increased by 3.8 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) with most warming occurring in winter (+8.1°F) and the least in the fall (+0.6°F)(Alaska Climate Research Center). L ...
... Records from King Salmon’s weather station (80 miles North from Pilot Point) indicate that between 1949 and 2008, average annual temperatures increased by 3.8 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) with most warming occurring in winter (+8.1°F) and the least in the fall (+0.6°F)(Alaska Climate Research Center). L ...
Climate Resilient Floodplains
... conditions make it more difficult to plant earlier to avoid the warmer August temperatures. This squeeze, it was noted, may occur even as climate change-induced drought in California creates higher demand for products grown in the Stillaguamish. This could lead to more intensive farming in the lower ...
... conditions make it more difficult to plant earlier to avoid the warmer August temperatures. This squeeze, it was noted, may occur even as climate change-induced drought in California creates higher demand for products grown in the Stillaguamish. This could lead to more intensive farming in the lower ...
Global Warming and Science
... Fig. 6. Climate reconstructions over the last two centuries [SIC : millennia]. Medieval warm period missing – Little Ice Age ??? ...
... Fig. 6. Climate reconstructions over the last two centuries [SIC : millennia]. Medieval warm period missing – Little Ice Age ??? ...
Implementation of the Framework Convention on Climate Change in
... its Aichi Targets, known as Aichi Plan was adopted. The 10 and 15 targets of this plan are linked to climate change mitigation and adaptation issues. They provide for conservation and restoration by 2020 of at least 15 per cent of degraded ecosystems, thereby contributing to the reduction of anthrop ...
... its Aichi Targets, known as Aichi Plan was adopted. The 10 and 15 targets of this plan are linked to climate change mitigation and adaptation issues. They provide for conservation and restoration by 2020 of at least 15 per cent of degraded ecosystems, thereby contributing to the reduction of anthrop ...
Relationship between climate change and the full and effective
... who live in mountainous regions are particularly affected because of the increased impacts of climate change in these areas. Georgia highlighted that it had taken specific measures in the form of flood and flash flood prevention to address some of these negative impacts. Further, Nationally Determin ...
... who live in mountainous regions are particularly affected because of the increased impacts of climate change in these areas. Georgia highlighted that it had taken specific measures in the form of flood and flash flood prevention to address some of these negative impacts. Further, Nationally Determin ...
Climate change and food safety: A review
... etc. FAO also commissioned the production of background documents on the impacts of climate change on food and nutrition security, food safety and other relevant subjects. Among many sources of information, this paper reviews the background documentation on the impacts of climate change on food safe ...
... etc. FAO also commissioned the production of background documents on the impacts of climate change on food and nutrition security, food safety and other relevant subjects. Among many sources of information, this paper reviews the background documentation on the impacts of climate change on food safe ...
Vulnerability of Modiolus reefs to climate change
... distribution as compared to the species as a whole with current estimates placing the southern limit of such habitats in the southern Irish Sea. Decline in the extent of M. modiolus reefs has been noted across the species’ European distribution (Figure 1). Historical fishing activity (scallop trawli ...
... distribution as compared to the species as a whole with current estimates placing the southern limit of such habitats in the southern Irish Sea. Decline in the extent of M. modiolus reefs has been noted across the species’ European distribution (Figure 1). Historical fishing activity (scallop trawli ...
A severe centennial-scale drought in mid
... Other high-resolution palaeoclimate records provide additional evidence for widespread drought in the Midwest at this time. A speleothem record from northeastern Iowa documents a brief negative spike in d18O at 4.1 ka (Denniston et al., 1999) suggesting a shift in seasonality of precipitation and a ...
... Other high-resolution palaeoclimate records provide additional evidence for widespread drought in the Midwest at this time. A speleothem record from northeastern Iowa documents a brief negative spike in d18O at 4.1 ka (Denniston et al., 1999) suggesting a shift in seasonality of precipitation and a ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.