Vulnerability of Modiolus reefs to climate change
... distribution as compared to the species as a whole with current estimates placing the southern limit of such habitats in the southern Irish Sea. Decline in the extent of M. modiolus reefs has been noted across the species’ European distribution (Figure 1). Historical fishing activity (scallop trawli ...
... distribution as compared to the species as a whole with current estimates placing the southern limit of such habitats in the southern Irish Sea. Decline in the extent of M. modiolus reefs has been noted across the species’ European distribution (Figure 1). Historical fishing activity (scallop trawli ...
The Potential Impact of Climate Change on Insurance Regulation
... both problematic and correlated insurance and investment losses. Working together, regulators will need to develop new solvency regulatory tools to meet the challenges of climate change. For example, regulators may consider a requirement of a statement of catastrophe or extreme weather risk by the e ...
... both problematic and correlated insurance and investment losses. Working together, regulators will need to develop new solvency regulatory tools to meet the challenges of climate change. For example, regulators may consider a requirement of a statement of catastrophe or extreme weather risk by the e ...
CCC energy policy redraft 7 1 1
... Climate Change (CCC). This is an independent body, introduced through the Climate Change Act (2008), tasked with determining the emission reduction targets and carbon budgets that the UK Government should set in the long run and the short run. The CCC is the first environmental body of its kind. It ...
... Climate Change (CCC). This is an independent body, introduced through the Climate Change Act (2008), tasked with determining the emission reduction targets and carbon budgets that the UK Government should set in the long run and the short run. The CCC is the first environmental body of its kind. It ...
Environment and Development Challenges: The Imperative to Act 20
... the atmosphere have increased, to over 400ppm of CO2e today (even after taking the offsetting radiative effects of aerosols into account) and increasing at a rate of around 2.5ppm per year. Thus we have a flow-stock problem. Without strong action to reduce emissions, over the course of this century ...
... the atmosphere have increased, to over 400ppm of CO2e today (even after taking the offsetting radiative effects of aerosols into account) and increasing at a rate of around 2.5ppm per year. Thus we have a flow-stock problem. Without strong action to reduce emissions, over the course of this century ...
Analysis of vegetation distribution in Interior Alaska and sensitivity to
... where Xi is the ith value for predictor X and Xmean the mean value for predictor X. This procedure does not affect the P-values and t-values of the logistic regression, and its primary value is in interpreting regression coefficients. Model predictions at each hierarchical step were compared with kn ...
... where Xi is the ith value for predictor X and Xmean the mean value for predictor X. This procedure does not affect the P-values and t-values of the logistic regression, and its primary value is in interpreting regression coefficients. Model predictions at each hierarchical step were compared with kn ...
FCCC Framework Convention on Climate Change United Nations
... is significant in comparison with the projections provided in the NC4, in which emissions from the energy sector were projected to increase by 6.8 per cent on the 1990 level by 2010. There are, however, variations within the energy sector, for example growth in emissions of 22.2 per cent is projecte ...
... is significant in comparison with the projections provided in the NC4, in which emissions from the energy sector were projected to increase by 6.8 per cent on the 1990 level by 2010. There are, however, variations within the energy sector, for example growth in emissions of 22.2 per cent is projecte ...
the Report - ULI Europe
... having to address the causes of climate change, of which it is a main contributor, through an evolving range of requirements that include regulatory controls on CO2 emissions, environmental and sustainability strategies; and the ‘greening’ of property investment portfolios and developments. However, ...
... having to address the causes of climate change, of which it is a main contributor, through an evolving range of requirements that include regulatory controls on CO2 emissions, environmental and sustainability strategies; and the ‘greening’ of property investment portfolios and developments. However, ...
- Europa.eu
... Paris Agreement and possibilities for an enhanced role for the ACP Group towards a successful COP 23, taking into account priorities in the ACP Action Plan on Climate Change 2016-2020. The ACP Secretary General, Dr. Patrick Gomes, welcomed the participants to the meeting and stressed the importance ...
... Paris Agreement and possibilities for an enhanced role for the ACP Group towards a successful COP 23, taking into account priorities in the ACP Action Plan on Climate Change 2016-2020. The ACP Secretary General, Dr. Patrick Gomes, welcomed the participants to the meeting and stressed the importance ...
Environment and Development Challenges
... the atmosphere have increased, to over 400ppm of CO2e today (even after taking the offsetting radiative effects of aerosols into account) and increasing at a rate of around 2.5ppm per year. Thus we have a flow-stock problem. Without strong action to reduce emissions, over the course of this century ...
... the atmosphere have increased, to over 400ppm of CO2e today (even after taking the offsetting radiative effects of aerosols into account) and increasing at a rate of around 2.5ppm per year. Thus we have a flow-stock problem. Without strong action to reduce emissions, over the course of this century ...
Regional Power Shifts and Climate Knowledge Systems: South
... tions, which is essential for the analysis of climate governance. Generally, regional powers are expected to possess a certain economic stability, a rela‐ tive military power and a regional power base (see Nolte 2006; Nabers forthcoming). Based on this, Daniel Flemes identifies four basic c ...
... tions, which is essential for the analysis of climate governance. Generally, regional powers are expected to possess a certain economic stability, a rela‐ tive military power and a regional power base (see Nolte 2006; Nabers forthcoming). Based on this, Daniel Flemes identifies four basic c ...
Climate refugees in the 21st century
... 1. The issue of climate refugees 1.1. Historical framework and development Governments have long recognized that forced migration and displaced persons pose a significant international challenge to refugees and to host countries that provide asylum. The United Nations met in Geneva in 1951 to discus ...
... 1. The issue of climate refugees 1.1. Historical framework and development Governments have long recognized that forced migration and displaced persons pose a significant international challenge to refugees and to host countries that provide asylum. The United Nations met in Geneva in 1951 to discus ...
a study commissioned by Sitra
... pathway and an emissions trajectory consistent with at least a 50% chance of limiting the average global temperature increase to 2°C. Carbon emissions from fuel combustion and industrial processes are projected to decline due to energy efficiency and carbon neutral processes. The primary fuel mix is ...
... pathway and an emissions trajectory consistent with at least a 50% chance of limiting the average global temperature increase to 2°C. Carbon emissions from fuel combustion and industrial processes are projected to decline due to energy efficiency and carbon neutral processes. The primary fuel mix is ...
Working Paper 177 - Grodecka & Kuralbayeva (opens in new window)
... 9. Private sector adaptation, risk and insurance More information about the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment can be found at: http://www.lse.ac.uk/grantham. ...
... 9. Private sector adaptation, risk and insurance More information about the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment can be found at: http://www.lse.ac.uk/grantham. ...
PDF
... variability, economic development is bound to result in an increase in the engineering and technological inputs that are in place, even without climate change. For example, in coastal areas a shortage of flood control facilities and techniques and drought-proof crops, and poorly built houses increas ...
... variability, economic development is bound to result in an increase in the engineering and technological inputs that are in place, even without climate change. For example, in coastal areas a shortage of flood control facilities and techniques and drought-proof crops, and poorly built houses increas ...
climate change and insurance law
... Sector, The Geneva Papers, 2008, pp. 71-90 ; W. R. STAHEL, Global Climate Change in the Wider Context of Sustainability, The Geneva Papers, 2008, pp. 507-529 ; W. R. STAHEL, In Favour of a Proactive Insurance Approach to Climate Change, The Geneva Papers, 2009, pp. 319-322 ; E. MILLS, A Global Revie ...
... Sector, The Geneva Papers, 2008, pp. 71-90 ; W. R. STAHEL, Global Climate Change in the Wider Context of Sustainability, The Geneva Papers, 2008, pp. 507-529 ; W. R. STAHEL, In Favour of a Proactive Insurance Approach to Climate Change, The Geneva Papers, 2009, pp. 319-322 ; E. MILLS, A Global Revie ...
Lecture 1 - Department of Meteorology and Climate Science
... A formal and comprehensive definition of applied remote sensing • Remote Sensing in the most generally accepted meaning refers to instrument-based techniques employed in the acquisition and measurement of spatially organized (most commonly, geographically distributed) data/information on some prope ...
... A formal and comprehensive definition of applied remote sensing • Remote Sensing in the most generally accepted meaning refers to instrument-based techniques employed in the acquisition and measurement of spatially organized (most commonly, geographically distributed) data/information on some prope ...
Climate change inspector with intentionally biased bootstrapping
... variations of precipitation under the global warming condition. From the Clausius–Clapeyron (C–C) relation, saturation vapor pressure increases by 6–7 % for each 1 ◦ C increase in temperature, and rainfall intensity also increases at a similar rate with warming (Trenberth and Shea, 2005). Lenderink ...
... variations of precipitation under the global warming condition. From the Clausius–Clapeyron (C–C) relation, saturation vapor pressure increases by 6–7 % for each 1 ◦ C increase in temperature, and rainfall intensity also increases at a similar rate with warming (Trenberth and Shea, 2005). Lenderink ...
i4332e05
... s global emissions of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) continue relatively unabated, their impact on climate is already being felt. Furthermore, the acceleration of climate change in coming years is virtually assured, due at least in part to the long half-lives of most GHGs. While many of the i ...
... s global emissions of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) continue relatively unabated, their impact on climate is already being felt. Furthermore, the acceleration of climate change in coming years is virtually assured, due at least in part to the long half-lives of most GHGs. While many of the i ...
- Wiley Online Library
... that at least 1 year had elapsed to estimate number of citations, and to roughly coincide with the literature used in the most recent release of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Assessment Reports. Our search terms ...
... that at least 1 year had elapsed to estimate number of citations, and to roughly coincide with the literature used in the most recent release of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Assessment Reports. Our search terms ...
2015 Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific I
... the Pacific, recognition of the need for such rapid action is welcomed by the Governments of countries and areas in the region. ...
... the Pacific, recognition of the need for such rapid action is welcomed by the Governments of countries and areas in the region. ...
Tracking pan-Canadian climate progress and
... 20052 levels of 747 Mt, and an increase of 20% above 1990 levels.3 At present, Canada is not on track to achieve its 2020 emissions reduction goal under the Copenhagen Accord, nor its 2030 climate target. Carbon pollution trends from 2005 to 2014 underscore that progress at reducing emissions has be ...
... 20052 levels of 747 Mt, and an increase of 20% above 1990 levels.3 At present, Canada is not on track to achieve its 2020 emissions reduction goal under the Copenhagen Accord, nor its 2030 climate target. Carbon pollution trends from 2005 to 2014 underscore that progress at reducing emissions has be ...
Ecosystem Based Adaptation
... Climate change associated events, together with unsustainable management of ecosystems, increase the vulnerabilities of people and nature by impacting them adversely. These impacts can be environmental (degradation, conversion, effects of increasingly frequent and severe events such as floods and dr ...
... Climate change associated events, together with unsustainable management of ecosystems, increase the vulnerabilities of people and nature by impacting them adversely. These impacts can be environmental (degradation, conversion, effects of increasingly frequent and severe events such as floods and dr ...
Preparing for climate change guide for local government
... edition of Preparing for Climate Change supersedes the first edition published in 2004. The guide summarises the main elements of a comprehensive technical report Climate Change Effects and Impacts Assessment (‘the source report’). Its first edition was updated in May 2008 following the release of t ...
... edition of Preparing for Climate Change supersedes the first edition published in 2004. The guide summarises the main elements of a comprehensive technical report Climate Change Effects and Impacts Assessment (‘the source report’). Its first edition was updated in May 2008 following the release of t ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.