Climate and the Tropical Oceans - LDEO Climate Group
... an enhanced Walker circulation and an increased zonal mean meridional overturning in the ocean in response to increasing CO 2 concentrations. This change in ocean circulation cools the tropical climate and consitutes a negative feedback to greenhouse warming at least on the timescale over which the ...
... an enhanced Walker circulation and an increased zonal mean meridional overturning in the ocean in response to increasing CO 2 concentrations. This change in ocean circulation cools the tropical climate and consitutes a negative feedback to greenhouse warming at least on the timescale over which the ...
Advancing Managed Retreat in New Zealand
... Sea level rise projections up until 2100 range from 0.5 to 1 metre4, but rises well in excess of 1 metre are still possible during this period5, particularly if accelerated polar ice sheet loss continues.6 Sea level rise will also continue beyond 2100, at a scale determined by the level of climate c ...
... Sea level rise projections up until 2100 range from 0.5 to 1 metre4, but rises well in excess of 1 metre are still possible during this period5, particularly if accelerated polar ice sheet loss continues.6 Sea level rise will also continue beyond 2100, at a scale determined by the level of climate c ...
time invariance and implications for bias correction
... and it is the aggregate statistics of all years in the sample that are assessed. For each of these sets, ...
... and it is the aggregate statistics of all years in the sample that are assessed. For each of these sets, ...
Printer-friendly Version
... The Scheldt and the Meuse are the two main rivers of Belgium affecting many human activities in the country. Their discharge depends exclusively on precipitation, which today is rather evenly distributed and supplies them with water thoughout the year. Changes in meterological variables playing a ma ...
... The Scheldt and the Meuse are the two main rivers of Belgium affecting many human activities in the country. Their discharge depends exclusively on precipitation, which today is rather evenly distributed and supplies them with water thoughout the year. Changes in meterological variables playing a ma ...
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Plan
... Figure 22: Classification of key berry species by the type of soil in which they grow .................................................................. 46 Figure 23: Iron Ore Mine Pit on Mesabi Range ................................................................................................. ...
... Figure 22: Classification of key berry species by the type of soil in which they grow .................................................................. 46 Figure 23: Iron Ore Mine Pit on Mesabi Range ................................................................................................. ...
(1.5 MB pdf) - Torres Strait Regional Authority
... This report presents a Coastal Vulnerability Assessment Methodology for Torres Strait Communities and considers Ngurupai (Horn) Island as an example Pilot Study. The purpose is to provide a tool to assist in decision making. The specific examples in this study are not necessarily the “answers”, but ...
... This report presents a Coastal Vulnerability Assessment Methodology for Torres Strait Communities and considers Ngurupai (Horn) Island as an example Pilot Study. The purpose is to provide a tool to assist in decision making. The specific examples in this study are not necessarily the “answers”, but ...
NDVI-based increase in growth of temperate grasslands and its
... China’s temperate grassland is the third largest grassland area in the world (Lee et al., 2002). It not only supports the world’s largest population of sheep and goats, but also plays an important role in the regional climate and reducing soil loss by wind or water erosion (Chen and Wang, 2000; Xie ...
... China’s temperate grassland is the third largest grassland area in the world (Lee et al., 2002). It not only supports the world’s largest population of sheep and goats, but also plays an important role in the regional climate and reducing soil loss by wind or water erosion (Chen and Wang, 2000; Xie ...
Comparison of Climate Change Adaptation CRS Report for Congress
... intensify, depending on the region. The report also found that population growth and increased use of resources will limit the ability of society and natural systems to adapt successfully. Specific findings include increased: ...
... intensify, depending on the region. The report also found that population growth and increased use of resources will limit the ability of society and natural systems to adapt successfully. Specific findings include increased: ...
Observed Climate Change and the Negligible Global Effect of
... year-to-year and decade-to-decade plays a greater role in Georgia’s climate than any long-term trends. Such short-term variability will continue dominating Georgia’s climate into the future. At the century timescale, Georgia’s climate shows no statically significant trend in statewide average annual ...
... year-to-year and decade-to-decade plays a greater role in Georgia’s climate than any long-term trends. Such short-term variability will continue dominating Georgia’s climate into the future. At the century timescale, Georgia’s climate shows no statically significant trend in statewide average annual ...
Climate Change Impacts on New York Wine Grape Growing Regions
... throughout the 21st century regardless of greenhouse gas emission reductions (IPCC, 2014b). This rise will likely be between 0.3 and ...
... throughout the 21st century regardless of greenhouse gas emission reductions (IPCC, 2014b). This rise will likely be between 0.3 and ...
Sea-Level Rise
... its standard projections. However, an illustrative example of how such an additional contribution from ice-sheet melt might scale under global warming is included. This potentially increases the upper end of the IPCC predictions to 0.76 m by the 2090s. In the assessment of the future damages of clim ...
... its standard projections. However, an illustrative example of how such an additional contribution from ice-sheet melt might scale under global warming is included. This potentially increases the upper end of the IPCC predictions to 0.76 m by the 2090s. In the assessment of the future damages of clim ...
Climate Science, the Public and the News Media
... Climate change is one of the foremost global challenges of our time. The scientific consensus as reported by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is that, without action to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, there is a significant probability that global average temperatures will ...
... Climate change is one of the foremost global challenges of our time. The scientific consensus as reported by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is that, without action to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, there is a significant probability that global average temperatures will ...
COM SEC(2009)
... ambition level is to limit global climate change to 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels13, this target is reliant on global action, and is associated with considerable uncertainty, i.e. the 50% global reduction in GHG outlined in the 2007 Communication has only a 50% chance of achieving t ...
... ambition level is to limit global climate change to 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels13, this target is reliant on global action, and is associated with considerable uncertainty, i.e. the 50% global reduction in GHG outlined in the 2007 Communication has only a 50% chance of achieving t ...
STATE OF THE ANTARCTIC AND SOUTHERN OCEAN CLIMATE
... Peninsula, linked to nearby ocean warming and intensification of the circumpolar westerlies. Glaciers are retreating on the peninsula, in Patagonia, on the subAntarctic islands, and in West Antarctica adjacent to the peninsula. The penetration of marine air masses has become more pronounced over par ...
... Peninsula, linked to nearby ocean warming and intensification of the circumpolar westerlies. Glaciers are retreating on the peninsula, in Patagonia, on the subAntarctic islands, and in West Antarctica adjacent to the peninsula. The penetration of marine air masses has become more pronounced over par ...
THE MIGHTY OPERATIONS OF NATURE
... demonstrate the extraordinary quality, the oddness and the significance that observers associated with the event. Yet there was another side too. Americans in the Early Republic possessed an incomplete and sometimes contradictory picture of the world around them—a worldview shaped not only by scien ...
... demonstrate the extraordinary quality, the oddness and the significance that observers associated with the event. Yet there was another side too. Americans in the Early Republic possessed an incomplete and sometimes contradictory picture of the world around them—a worldview shaped not only by scien ...
Air Quality and Climate Connections - Lamont
... The net negative represents competition between NOx-induced increases in O3 (warming) versus decreases in CH4 (cooling), which cause the GWP for nearer time periods (GWP10 or GWP20) to be positive. e From Bond et al. (2013). Range of 120 to 1800 including all forcing mechanisms. f Even more uncertai ...
... The net negative represents competition between NOx-induced increases in O3 (warming) versus decreases in CH4 (cooling), which cause the GWP for nearer time periods (GWP10 or GWP20) to be positive. e From Bond et al. (2013). Range of 120 to 1800 including all forcing mechanisms. f Even more uncertai ...
Human Intervention in the Earth`s Climate: The Governance of
... analyses suggest that these approaches are plausible, neither has been proven to be effective. Currently available evidence is limited, but early results from computer-modeling studies suggest that SRM could address many of the physical impacts of climate change that are associated with rising mean ...
... analyses suggest that these approaches are plausible, neither has been proven to be effective. Currently available evidence is limited, but early results from computer-modeling studies suggest that SRM could address many of the physical impacts of climate change that are associated with rising mean ...
Adaptation to Climate Change in the Context of Sustainable
... substantial and, in some sectors, increasing. These losses indicate that autonomous adaptation has not been sufficient to offset damages associated with temporal variations in climatic conditions.The ecological, social, and economic costs of relying on reactive, autonomous adaptation to the cumulati ...
... substantial and, in some sectors, increasing. These losses indicate that autonomous adaptation has not been sufficient to offset damages associated with temporal variations in climatic conditions.The ecological, social, and economic costs of relying on reactive, autonomous adaptation to the cumulati ...
About this Sourcebook - Stockholm Environment Institute
... The last few decades have witnessed extensive research on potential and observed impacts of climate change and variability. Climate variability is a relatively near-term phenomenon characterized by intensification in the departure from baseline climatic trends in temperature and precipitation extrem ...
... The last few decades have witnessed extensive research on potential and observed impacts of climate change and variability. Climate variability is a relatively near-term phenomenon characterized by intensification in the departure from baseline climatic trends in temperature and precipitation extrem ...
Rising Temperatures, Worsening Ozone Pollution
... most of the continental United States. We also projected the economic costs of these health impacts in 2020. The quality of life for America’s children and their families is adversely affected when ozone pollution increases. Children who miss school because they are experiencing or recovering from a ...
... most of the continental United States. We also projected the economic costs of these health impacts in 2020. The quality of life for America’s children and their families is adversely affected when ozone pollution increases. Children who miss school because they are experiencing or recovering from a ...
Governing Climate Change: Towards a New Paradigm for Risk
... As an expression of likelihood, or probability, risk is inherently futureoriented.3 In German jurisprudence of the 1980s to early 1990s, risk was often defined by reference to the concept of ‘danger’.4 Following a ‘danger-based’ approach, we acquire experience about the negative impacts of certain g ...
... As an expression of likelihood, or probability, risk is inherently futureoriented.3 In German jurisprudence of the 1980s to early 1990s, risk was often defined by reference to the concept of ‘danger’.4 Following a ‘danger-based’ approach, we acquire experience about the negative impacts of certain g ...
Autonomous Adaptation to Climate Change: A Literature Review*
... of climate on their health and well‐being, and take advantage of the opportunities that their climatic environment provides (Burton, 1992, cited in Smit et al., 2000). Adaptation involves adjustments to enhance the viability of social and economic activities and to reduce their vulnerability to ...
... of climate on their health and well‐being, and take advantage of the opportunities that their climatic environment provides (Burton, 1992, cited in Smit et al., 2000). Adaptation involves adjustments to enhance the viability of social and economic activities and to reduce their vulnerability to ...
download: - IMPRESSIONS project
... A small set of existing global scenarios was evaluated for their usefulness within IMPRESSIONS. We opted for a small set only, given the strong preference, also expressed in the Description of Work of IMPRESSIONS, for the RCP x SSP scenarios. An evaluation against other existing global scenarios was ...
... A small set of existing global scenarios was evaluated for their usefulness within IMPRESSIONS. We opted for a small set only, given the strong preference, also expressed in the Description of Work of IMPRESSIONS, for the RCP x SSP scenarios. An evaluation against other existing global scenarios was ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.