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Author's personal copy On the use
Author's personal copy On the use

... and public actors. Examining the interactions between media representations and public engagement can therefore facilitate our understanding of how texts and images inform and influence peoples’ conceptualisation of climate change. Yet whilst many studies have explored this interface through textual ...
united nations - Stockholm Convention
united nations - Stockholm Convention

... recorded are more frequent extreme weather. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) data is very important. Add: The results obtained from the analysis of data from 20 years of air monitoring in the Arctic, show that if conditions remain or become warmer it would release a larger amount of ...
Chicago Area Climate Change Quick Guide
Chicago Area Climate Change Quick Guide

... • Does the risk management analysis take into account changes due to climate change? • Do the effects of climate change reflect the current level of uncertainty in the region and should a cautious approach be adopted as a result? If not, is this explained? • Does the plan include a specific commitme ...
Reversible and irreversible impacts of greenhouse gas
Reversible and irreversible impacts of greenhouse gas

... chemical state of the ocean are addressed. Our set of emission commitment scenario simulations allow us to tackle important gaps in knowledge with respect to the legacy of historical and the impacts of 21st century GHG emissions on regional climate and to discuss forced changes in the context of Ear ...
Chhatra Bahadur Khadka Tribhuvan University
Chhatra Bahadur Khadka Tribhuvan University

... I would like to acknowledge my sincere gratitude to my respected advisor Dr. Krishna Prasad Tiwari, Assistant Professor of IOF, Pokhara for my research thesis for his continuous and valuable suggestions that inspired and encouraged me to work hard for this study. I am equally indebted to my Co-advis ...
Climate Change Impacts and Spatial Planning Decision Support
Climate Change Impacts and Spatial Planning Decision Support

... Spatial planners are already well practised at balancing social, environmental and economic pressures when they consider options for development. However, climate change presents another very different challenge, one which most planners will be aware of, but may not have sufficient information, time ...
Inuit vulnerability and adaptive capacity to climate change in
Inuit vulnerability and adaptive capacity to climate change in

... Northwest Territories and the adaptive strategies employed. It is based on collaborative research involving semistructured interviews, secondary sources of information, and participant observations. In the context of subsistence hunting, changes in temperature, seasonal patterns (for example timing ...
Read More... - Greater Sudbury Climate Change Consortium
Read More... - Greater Sudbury Climate Change Consortium

... and do so in such a way that the adaptations will be successful. Water (quality and quantity) is a key issue: Temperature has increased over the last 50 yrs and so has precipitation but the rate of evapo-transpiration has also increased, so we are getting drier faster. Also precipitation is not fall ...
Key steps in adaptation assessment for LULUCF sector
Key steps in adaptation assessment for LULUCF sector

... Example step 4: Energy sector  Labeling the activities, measures and policies that are considered to go into the baseline scenario (step 3) with their costs  Sticking to the current energy mix - label it with expected costs for power plants etc.  Government to expand the current grid – label it w ...
Linking Population, Fertility and Family Planning with
Linking Population, Fertility and Family Planning with

... and frequent natural drought cycles increase climate change vulnerability in this country. Climate change will have a notable impact on Ethiopia’s temperature and precipitation: average annual temperatures nationwide are expected to rise 3.1° C by 2060, and 5.1° C by 2090. In addition, precipitation ...
Global Climatic Variation and Energy Use
Global Climatic Variation and Energy Use

... with short term controllable anthropogenic or human effects. Humanity is destined to gradually adjust to the natural variation as well as the anthropogenic or human-caused change. Otherwise, the Earth’s feedback mechanisms would predominate, causing global economic, social and political dislocations ...
Current models broadly neglect specific needs of under climate change
Current models broadly neglect specific needs of under climate change

... functioning and may not, in the long run, support all the species they were designed to protect [3,5,11]. Factors other than climate change are also expected to dynamically influence and negatively impact the efficacy of protected areas. Growing human population densities, intensified land-use, inva ...
Author`s personal copy - College of DuPage Weather
Author`s personal copy - College of DuPage Weather

... and Ashley 2011). Results herein suggest that late-century, early-season thunderstorms will be of greater frequency, likely a function of robust increases in CAPE and near-surface specific humidity depicted by several GCMs and RCMs (Del Genio et al. 2007; Trapp et al. 2007a, 2009; Van Klooster and R ...
995
995

... similar (see above) (Pearson et al., 2009). Moreover, genetic changes and phenotypic plasticity can also occur rapidly in response to climate change (Bradshaw and Holzapfel, 2006), so that ‘vulnerability’ may vary not only in space but also in time. Obviously, predicting patterns of physiological st ...
Hurricanes - EnviroEcon
Hurricanes - EnviroEcon

... to hurricanes and thus lead to stronger hurricanes. Also, a warmer atmosphere can hold more moisture, potentially leading to more energy release. — Have hurricanes become more intense? — The evidence for the Atlantic is suggestive, but not conclusive at this point. Globally: no — Should we expec ...
Interactive responses of old-field plant growth and composition to
Interactive responses of old-field plant growth and composition to

... responses to temperature or soil moisture gradients. At small scales, many biological processes exhibit exponential (e.g., decomposition, soil respiration) or quadratic (e.g., photosynthesis) responses to temperature and soil moisture changes. Even over regional and continental scales, aboveground n ...
The Economics of Climate Change in the Caribbean
The Economics of Climate Change in the Caribbean

... The following symbols have been used in this study: A full stop (.) is used to indicate decimals n.a. is used to indicated that data are not available The use of a hyphen (-) between years, for example, 2010-2019, signifies an annual average for the calendar years involved, including the beginning a ...
Working Group I Fifth Assessment Report
Working Group I Fifth Assessment Report

... relationship between forcing and response for some parts of the system seems reasonably linear; in other cases this relationship is much more complex. [1.2.2] Multiple Lines of Evidence for Climate Change Global mean surface air temperatures over land and oceans have increased over the last 100 year ...
Global warming and thermohaline circulation stability
Global warming and thermohaline circulation stability

... water column and inhibiting convective deep-water formation. The strength of the North Atlantic overturning reduces to near zero very quickly, and then recovers to its original strength over a period of ca. 120 years (the recovery process is discussed further in § 5). The atmosphere responds quickly ...
Variability and Triggering Factors of Observed Global Mean Land
Variability and Triggering Factors of Observed Global Mean Land

... explained fraction of variance is 92.6% and thus highly significant. Also highly significant is a negative trend of about 15 years from 1973 to 1987. This time the trend magnitude is about .33mm/month/year which explains 65.7% of the variance. Aside the question whether PGL is increasing the questio ...
Integrating biophysical models and evolutionary theory to
Integrating biophysical models and evolutionary theory to

... The container properties were taken directly from Focks et al. (1993a); we modelled a 19 L bucket 36 × 30 cm (height × diameter) and a 3600 L rainwater tank (cistern) 150 × 175 cm (height × diameter). Each container type received the mean monthly rainfall, spread evenly across each day of the month, ...
geneva dialogues 7.4.11[1]. - Graduate Institute of International and
geneva dialogues 7.4.11[1]. - Graduate Institute of International and

... support other efforts to mitigate anthropogenic climate change (but geoengineering not a ‘magic bullet’; potential, & complementary, ‘Plan B’). Could do it, but side effects and risks. Reduce uncertainties through further R & D. • Chapter 4 addressed to Governance issues (including law) ...
Integrating biophysical models and evolutionary theory
Integrating biophysical models and evolutionary theory

... The container properties were taken directly from Focks et al. (1993a); we modelled a 19 L bucket 36 × 30 cm (height × diameter) and a 3600 L rainwater tank (cistern) 150 × 175 cm (height × diameter). Each container type received the mean monthly rainfall, spread evenly across each day of the month, ...
The integrated Earth system model version 1
The integrated Earth system model version 1

... The starting point for the team’s development efforts was version 1.0 (now 1.1) of the CESM. CESM is a community code and may be downloaded from the Community Earth System Model Project (2014; URL in references). The CESM uses a flexible coupler that couples the atmosphere, ocean, land, and ice comp ...
Incorporating Climate Change Adaptation into Catchment
Incorporating Climate Change Adaptation into Catchment

... such the process and conversations involved are as valuable as the identification of management actions. The CAF is divided into seven parts that are explored, discussed and ultimately assessed. The results of each assessment are summarised in a table format. The CAF offers a ‘holistic’ look at the ...
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Effects of global warming



The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.
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