AdApting to climAte chAnge: A Business ApproAch
... Business efforts to address the potential risks posed by the physical effects of climate change have in general lagged behind consideration of the financial risks associated with mitigation. Moreover, although the hurricanes, cyclones, heat waves, and other extreme events of recent years alerted man ...
... Business efforts to address the potential risks posed by the physical effects of climate change have in general lagged behind consideration of the financial risks associated with mitigation. Moreover, although the hurricanes, cyclones, heat waves, and other extreme events of recent years alerted man ...
Climate Change and Agrarian Societies in Drylands
... rainfall to be lost in evaporation, and the intensity of tropical storms ensures that much of it runs off in floods. Water supply is not only meagre in absolute terms but also of very limited availability for human and natural uses. The other dominant characteristic of dryland climates is substantia ...
... rainfall to be lost in evaporation, and the intensity of tropical storms ensures that much of it runs off in floods. Water supply is not only meagre in absolute terms but also of very limited availability for human and natural uses. The other dominant characteristic of dryland climates is substantia ...
Viticultureclimate relationships in Greece: the impacts
... zones, in present (Jones et al ., 2005a) and future conditions (Kenny and Harrison, 1992). Especially, hot viticultural regions (like Greece) are expected to experience negative impacts from increased ripening period temperatures, imposing challenges in ripening balanced fruit and producing quality ...
... zones, in present (Jones et al ., 2005a) and future conditions (Kenny and Harrison, 1992). Especially, hot viticultural regions (like Greece) are expected to experience negative impacts from increased ripening period temperatures, imposing challenges in ripening balanced fruit and producing quality ...
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... linked through a common oceanic influence and were consistent with greenhouse gas forcing39. Climate fluctuations that we review here are not necessarily anthropogenic. Some proxies representing local climate at different places across the world reveal that the 20th century is probably neither the w ...
... linked through a common oceanic influence and were consistent with greenhouse gas forcing39. Climate fluctuations that we review here are not necessarily anthropogenic. Some proxies representing local climate at different places across the world reveal that the 20th century is probably neither the w ...
Báo cáo đánh giá tính tổn thương BĐKH trong hoạt động
... The clam farming areas belong to Giao Thuy district’s coastal areas of the Red River Delta is exposured as one of two regional areas heavily affected by sea level rise (ICEM 2008). It is reported if sea levels rise by one meter, 13.6 km2 of Nam Dinh province will be inundated accounting for 1.01% of ...
... The clam farming areas belong to Giao Thuy district’s coastal areas of the Red River Delta is exposured as one of two regional areas heavily affected by sea level rise (ICEM 2008). It is reported if sea levels rise by one meter, 13.6 km2 of Nam Dinh province will be inundated accounting for 1.01% of ...
Soil Erosion Climate Change Impact Snapshot
... due to the complex nature of the projected changes in rainfall in those seasons. The seasonal distribution of rainfall erosivity will have impacts on hillslope erosion. The results suggest that the projected changes in seasonality of rainfall erosivity alone could cause a sevenfold increase in soil ...
... due to the complex nature of the projected changes in rainfall in those seasons. The seasonal distribution of rainfall erosivity will have impacts on hillslope erosion. The results suggest that the projected changes in seasonality of rainfall erosivity alone could cause a sevenfold increase in soil ...
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON WATER
... (2004) noted that water stress will increase significantly in those regions that are already relatively dry (such as sub-Saharan Africa). Further, a region is in a state of high water-related criticality (susceptibility of a region or its population to crises) if water scarcity coincides with a low ...
... (2004) noted that water stress will increase significantly in those regions that are already relatively dry (such as sub-Saharan Africa). Further, a region is in a state of high water-related criticality (susceptibility of a region or its population to crises) if water scarcity coincides with a low ...
Engaging state officials and agencies to advocate for landmark
... starting “The August 2013 Indicators…” into the bulleted list of impacts on page 39. Page 39, 4th bullet: The following sentence needs a citation: “The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimates that 20-30% of the plant and animal species evaluated so far in climate change studies ar ...
... starting “The August 2013 Indicators…” into the bulleted list of impacts on page 39. Page 39, 4th bullet: The following sentence needs a citation: “The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimates that 20-30% of the plant and animal species evaluated so far in climate change studies ar ...
Impact of climate change on ozone related mortality and morbidity in
... downscaled by RCA3. However, the European average temperature changes are quite similar for the two simulations between 1961–1990 and 2021–2050 using the HadCM3 (A1B) and ECHAM4 (A2) projection, 2.1 and 1.9°C respectively. Warming is somewhat stronger in HadCM3 because HadCM3 has a ...
... downscaled by RCA3. However, the European average temperature changes are quite similar for the two simulations between 1961–1990 and 2021–2050 using the HadCM3 (A1B) and ECHAM4 (A2) projection, 2.1 and 1.9°C respectively. Warming is somewhat stronger in HadCM3 because HadCM3 has a ...
Climate Change and Small Island Developing States
... “any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity” (IPCC, 2007: 871). In contrast, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UN, 1992: Article 1, Paragraph 2), defines climate change to be “a change of climate which is attributed d ...
... “any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity” (IPCC, 2007: 871). In contrast, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UN, 1992: Article 1, Paragraph 2), defines climate change to be “a change of climate which is attributed d ...
Trends and Variability in Snowmelt Runoff in the Western United
... the western United States are earlier (later) than average. The relation between atmospheric pressure and CMDs is supported by the correlation between the mean CMD time series and mean AMJJ temperatures for the western United States (Fig. 7). When atmospheric pressures are greater than average, temp ...
... the western United States are earlier (later) than average. The relation between atmospheric pressure and CMDs is supported by the correlation between the mean CMD time series and mean AMJJ temperatures for the western United States (Fig. 7). When atmospheric pressures are greater than average, temp ...
Mekong River flow and hydrological extremes under climate change
... ensemble mean shows increases in both seasonal and annual river discharges (annual change between +5 and +16 %, depending on location). Despite the overall increasing trend, the individual scenarios show differences in the magnitude of discharge changes and, to a lesser extent, contrasting direction ...
... ensemble mean shows increases in both seasonal and annual river discharges (annual change between +5 and +16 %, depending on location). Despite the overall increasing trend, the individual scenarios show differences in the magnitude of discharge changes and, to a lesser extent, contrasting direction ...
A climate change report card for water Working Technical Paper 9
... diurnal variations in DO and low oxygen levels can be exacerbated by pollution events during summer low-flow conditions. Williams et al. (2000) show that large diurnal variations in streams dominated by macrophytes occur and thus pollution events in such streams could also generate low DO levels. ...
... diurnal variations in DO and low oxygen levels can be exacerbated by pollution events during summer low-flow conditions. Williams et al. (2000) show that large diurnal variations in streams dominated by macrophytes occur and thus pollution events in such streams could also generate low DO levels. ...
Outdoor Recreation and Tourism
... fixed, e.g., current snowmaking technologies within the US generally require conditions below 28ºF wetbulb for operation. In the case of consumers, however, scientific knowledge is more limited. For example, though it has been established that the typical tourist prefers an average daily temperature ...
... fixed, e.g., current snowmaking technologies within the US generally require conditions below 28ºF wetbulb for operation. In the case of consumers, however, scientific knowledge is more limited. For example, though it has been established that the typical tourist prefers an average daily temperature ...
Communicating the Impacts of Potential Future Climate Change on
... environmental, and economic risks. Thus, various planning and management measures need to be considered by urban communities which are responsible for administering ordinances governing the construction and maintenance of stormwater management systems, and for floodplain management to address public ...
... environmental, and economic risks. Thus, various planning and management measures need to be considered by urban communities which are responsible for administering ordinances governing the construction and maintenance of stormwater management systems, and for floodplain management to address public ...
Scenario
... Scenarios (SRES 2000) to project future climate change from 1990 (the base year for each scenario) through 2100. The dominant characteristics of the “storylines” used in the SRES are shown in Table 1. These characteristics describe the demographic, technological, economic and social trajectories dri ...
... Scenarios (SRES 2000) to project future climate change from 1990 (the base year for each scenario) through 2100. The dominant characteristics of the “storylines” used in the SRES are shown in Table 1. These characteristics describe the demographic, technological, economic and social trajectories dri ...
The Impact of Climate Change on Air Quality
... plays an important role in the state’s climate and air quality, especially during summertime owing to the stronger intensity compared to wintertime. Analysis of the land–sea temperature contrast and the southwesterly wind along the California coastline indicated that the summertime sea breeze will b ...
... plays an important role in the state’s climate and air quality, especially during summertime owing to the stronger intensity compared to wintertime. Analysis of the land–sea temperature contrast and the southwesterly wind along the California coastline indicated that the summertime sea breeze will b ...
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... in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer.” The IPCC definition refers to changes in climate over time due to both natural variability as well as anthropogenic activities, as opposed to the use of the United Nations Fra ...
... in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer.” The IPCC definition refers to changes in climate over time due to both natural variability as well as anthropogenic activities, as opposed to the use of the United Nations Fra ...
National Security Accelerating Risks of Climate Change
... At the end of the day, we validate the findings of our first report and find that in many cases the risks we identified are advancing noticeably faster than we anticipated. We also find the world becoming more complex in terms of the problems that plague its various regions. Yet thinking about how t ...
... At the end of the day, we validate the findings of our first report and find that in many cases the risks we identified are advancing noticeably faster than we anticipated. We also find the world becoming more complex in terms of the problems that plague its various regions. Yet thinking about how t ...
The influence of constrained fossil fuel emissions scenarios on
... similar to those observed in the real world climate. Koutsoyiannis (2010) proposed that a stochastic approach using a deterministic dynamic model within a Monte Carlo framework (to account for inherent lack of precision and accuracy in values such as initial conditions) can be considered an “all-tim ...
... similar to those observed in the real world climate. Koutsoyiannis (2010) proposed that a stochastic approach using a deterministic dynamic model within a Monte Carlo framework (to account for inherent lack of precision and accuracy in values such as initial conditions) can be considered an “all-tim ...
climate-change scepticism and asserted rights to private property
... information or underestimate probabilities when the social networks or cultures in which they engage do not support or have their own ways to process such information (Renn 2011). Climate scepticism is found to be associated with a specific set of fundamental values and political ideologies (Poortin ...
... information or underestimate probabilities when the social networks or cultures in which they engage do not support or have their own ways to process such information (Renn 2011). Climate scepticism is found to be associated with a specific set of fundamental values and political ideologies (Poortin ...
'Communicating Uncertainties for those Insuring Future Climate Change' Oslo 2008
... We understand a great deal about the Earth’s climate system. That does not imply we can make detailed (decision relevant) projections. As our understanding grows further still, how can we communicate risks and uncertainties so that the advancement is science is seen as “a good thing”? Refinement and ...
... We understand a great deal about the Earth’s climate system. That does not imply we can make detailed (decision relevant) projections. As our understanding grows further still, how can we communicate risks and uncertainties so that the advancement is science is seen as “a good thing”? Refinement and ...
Bright et al _GCB Invited Review_v4
... influences terrestrial productivity and biome distributions. In turn, the vegetation, soils, and ...
... influences terrestrial productivity and biome distributions. In turn, the vegetation, soils, and ...
climate variability - NCAR Research Applications Laboratory
... of variation, although the probabilities of such extreme events may be difficult to discern from limited historical experience. Prospective climate change complicates long-term water resources planning because it will alter streamflow probability distributions and the characteristics of aquatic ecos ...
... of variation, although the probabilities of such extreme events may be difficult to discern from limited historical experience. Prospective climate change complicates long-term water resources planning because it will alter streamflow probability distributions and the characteristics of aquatic ecos ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.