Climate Security and Justice for Small Island Developing States
... to reverse climate change, several of the islands and their populations will likely be adversely affected and in some cases destroyed, resulting in a major loss of cultural heritage, human, and natural diversity.7 This policy brief focuses on climate change related challenges that are most urgent fo ...
... to reverse climate change, several of the islands and their populations will likely be adversely affected and in some cases destroyed, resulting in a major loss of cultural heritage, human, and natural diversity.7 This policy brief focuses on climate change related challenges that are most urgent fo ...
Highly Significant Responses to Anthropogenic Forcings of the
... close together); in contrast, in JJA there has been little change prior to 2000 (blue and black are close), but a large increase will occur in the twenty-first century. The difference in timing for these two seasonal changes indicates that they are likely driven by different forcings. Even more impo ...
... close together); in contrast, in JJA there has been little change prior to 2000 (blue and black are close), but a large increase will occur in the twenty-first century. The difference in timing for these two seasonal changes indicates that they are likely driven by different forcings. Even more impo ...
S TAT E O F T H E WO R... Into a Warming World 2 0
... the most vulnerable individuals and communities who are least able to adapt. As the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concludes, “the technical, financial and institutional capacity, and the actual planning and implementation of effective adaptation, is currently quite limited in many ...
... the most vulnerable individuals and communities who are least able to adapt. As the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concludes, “the technical, financial and institutional capacity, and the actual planning and implementation of effective adaptation, is currently quite limited in many ...
Incorporating Climate Change Adaptation into Catchment
... such the process and conversations involved are as valuable as the identification of management actions. The CAF is divided into seven parts that are explored, discussed and ultimately assessed. The results of each assessment are summarised in a table format. The CAF offers a ‘holistic’ look at the ...
... such the process and conversations involved are as valuable as the identification of management actions. The CAF is divided into seven parts that are explored, discussed and ultimately assessed. The results of each assessment are summarised in a table format. The CAF offers a ‘holistic’ look at the ...
Author`s personal copy - Santa Clara University
... et al. 2007a). All GCM output was then interpolated onto a common 2° grid, and statistically downscaled to 1/8° using the well-established bias-correction and spatial disaggregation (BCSD) method of Wood et al. (2002, 2004). The BCSD method has been widely applied in California and the western Unite ...
... et al. 2007a). All GCM output was then interpolated onto a common 2° grid, and statistically downscaled to 1/8° using the well-established bias-correction and spatial disaggregation (BCSD) method of Wood et al. (2002, 2004). The BCSD method has been widely applied in California and the western Unite ...
pdf file - Polar Science Center
... Atlantic salinity distribution which is only indirectly related to increasing temperature through GIS melting and changes in precipitation. Confidence about the likelihood of a collapse thus remains low even for high temperatures. The West Antarctic Ice Sheet bears the potential of abrupt solid ice ...
... Atlantic salinity distribution which is only indirectly related to increasing temperature through GIS melting and changes in precipitation. Confidence about the likelihood of a collapse thus remains low even for high temperatures. The West Antarctic Ice Sheet bears the potential of abrupt solid ice ...
Chapter 11. Adaptation and adaptive capacity in the public health
... climate change frequently is called ‘global warming’ ” which focuses attention on average global temperature change (a frequently cited IPCC number is average surface air temperature change, projected to warm 1.4 to 5.8 °C over the next century). However, a change in climate actually occurs as chang ...
... climate change frequently is called ‘global warming’ ” which focuses attention on average global temperature change (a frequently cited IPCC number is average surface air temperature change, projected to warm 1.4 to 5.8 °C over the next century). However, a change in climate actually occurs as chang ...
The integrated Earth system model version 1
... The starting point for the team’s development efforts was version 1.0 (now 1.1) of the CESM. CESM is a community code and may be downloaded from the Community Earth System Model Project (2014; URL in references). The CESM uses a flexible coupler that couples the atmosphere, ocean, land, and ice comp ...
... The starting point for the team’s development efforts was version 1.0 (now 1.1) of the CESM. CESM is a community code and may be downloaded from the Community Earth System Model Project (2014; URL in references). The CESM uses a flexible coupler that couples the atmosphere, ocean, land, and ice comp ...
Adapting to Climate Change: A Business Approach
... Business efforts to address the potential risks posed by the physical effects of climate change have in general lagged behind consideration of the financial risks associated with mitigation. Moreover, although the hurricanes, cyclones, heat waves, and other extreme events of recent years alerted man ...
... Business efforts to address the potential risks posed by the physical effects of climate change have in general lagged behind consideration of the financial risks associated with mitigation. Moreover, although the hurricanes, cyclones, heat waves, and other extreme events of recent years alerted man ...
Climate Change Effects on Vegetation Distribution and Carbon
... it been a smooth transition from one vegetation type to another, or have there been abruptchanges and many transitionstates?Has there been a linear decline or an increase in biomass? To complement the "equilibriumsnapshots"provided by the static models and answer these questions, new models have bee ...
... it been a smooth transition from one vegetation type to another, or have there been abruptchanges and many transitionstates?Has there been a linear decline or an increase in biomass? To complement the "equilibriumsnapshots"provided by the static models and answer these questions, new models have bee ...
Cosmopolitan Justice, Responsibility, and Global Climate Change
... to actors of not engaging in activities that contribute to global climate change. Those who engage in a policy of mitigation bear an opportunity cost: they forego benefits that they could have had if they had engaged in activities which involve the emission of high levels of greenhouse gases (GHGs). ...
... to actors of not engaging in activities that contribute to global climate change. Those who engage in a policy of mitigation bear an opportunity cost: they forego benefits that they could have had if they had engaged in activities which involve the emission of high levels of greenhouse gases (GHGs). ...
The Role of Protected Areas in Regard to Climate Change
... highlands/mountainous areas, to the north. The Black Sea coastal zone is considered as the most vulnerable to CC. Georgia’s coastal zone is affected by several geophysical processes, such as tectonic movements, sea level rise, storms, floods, underwater flows, river sedimentation, etc. Some of these ...
... highlands/mountainous areas, to the north. The Black Sea coastal zone is considered as the most vulnerable to CC. Georgia’s coastal zone is affected by several geophysical processes, such as tectonic movements, sea level rise, storms, floods, underwater flows, river sedimentation, etc. Some of these ...
The Spatial Dimensions of Climate Change at the Mega
... An adaptation of the mega-urban region of HCMC to climate change can only be achieved through the broad integration of urban and environmental planning approaches (see Figure 2). The scale of the megacity itself presents the opportunity for sector-specific adaptation and mitigation approaches to com ...
... An adaptation of the mega-urban region of HCMC to climate change can only be achieved through the broad integration of urban and environmental planning approaches (see Figure 2). The scale of the megacity itself presents the opportunity for sector-specific adaptation and mitigation approaches to com ...
Tropical cyclones and climate change
... translation speed have been shown to be substantial contributors to the impacts resulting from hurricane passage.49 – 52 Emphasis on increased attention to these parameters in the development of future datasets is therefore desirable, along with creative methods for developing new approaches to thei ...
... translation speed have been shown to be substantial contributors to the impacts resulting from hurricane passage.49 – 52 Emphasis on increased attention to these parameters in the development of future datasets is therefore desirable, along with creative methods for developing new approaches to thei ...
Slide 1
... • Numerical models of atmosphere (and ocean) show sensitivity to initial conditions • For atmosphere practical limit of deterministic forecasts is 10 days. • Small uncertainties amplify and affect evolution of large-scale state • For climate purposes this means that future forecasts are probabilisti ...
... • Numerical models of atmosphere (and ocean) show sensitivity to initial conditions • For atmosphere practical limit of deterministic forecasts is 10 days. • Small uncertainties amplify and affect evolution of large-scale state • For climate purposes this means that future forecasts are probabilisti ...
Climate Variability, Climate Change and Western Water
... of variation, although the probabilities of such extreme events may be difficult to discern from limited historical experience. Prospective climate change complicates long-term water resources planning because it will alter streamflow probability distributions and the characteristics of aquatic ecos ...
... of variation, although the probabilities of such extreme events may be difficult to discern from limited historical experience. Prospective climate change complicates long-term water resources planning because it will alter streamflow probability distributions and the characteristics of aquatic ecos ...
The Adaptation Coalition Toolkit
... in the Latin America and Caribbean Region of the World Bank, with Jan Flora and Cornelia Flora of Iowa State University. The five country case studies and all project related activities and products were coordinated by Maximillian Ashwill. World Bank task team leaders for this project were Estanisla ...
... in the Latin America and Caribbean Region of the World Bank, with Jan Flora and Cornelia Flora of Iowa State University. The five country case studies and all project related activities and products were coordinated by Maximillian Ashwill. World Bank task team leaders for this project were Estanisla ...
Climate Change is a Geographic Problem
... GIS organizes geographic data so that a person reading a map can select data necessary for a specific project or task. A thematic map has a table of contents that allows the reader to add layers of information to a basemap of real-world locations. For example, a social analyst might use the basemap ...
... GIS organizes geographic data so that a person reading a map can select data necessary for a specific project or task. A thematic map has a table of contents that allows the reader to add layers of information to a basemap of real-world locations. For example, a social analyst might use the basemap ...
Annual report 2014
... According to SMHI, 2014 was the warmest year in Sweden since regular temperature measurements started. Sweden was not unique in this regard; 2014 was an unusually warm year around the world and the collated measurements indicate that 2014 was the warmest year in record also in the global mean. Even ...
... According to SMHI, 2014 was the warmest year in Sweden since regular temperature measurements started. Sweden was not unique in this regard; 2014 was an unusually warm year around the world and the collated measurements indicate that 2014 was the warmest year in record also in the global mean. Even ...
Program on Global and Regional Climate Change
... Climate change is being recognized as a major threat to present day society because of its adverse impacts on ecosystem, agricultural productivity, water resources, socio-economy and sustainability in a global as well as regional basis. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in its fou ...
... Climate change is being recognized as a major threat to present day society because of its adverse impacts on ecosystem, agricultural productivity, water resources, socio-economy and sustainability in a global as well as regional basis. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in its fou ...
Natural Disaster, Risk and Catastrophic Scenarios: a Review.
... institutions. This, more than any other study. Moreover, even the idea that Stern overestimates the climate risk (Tol and Yohe, 2006) is contradicted by some papers, an interesting example of this is Ackerman et al. (2009). They use the same assumptions of Stern (2006) changing some parameters consi ...
... institutions. This, more than any other study. Moreover, even the idea that Stern overestimates the climate risk (Tol and Yohe, 2006) is contradicted by some papers, an interesting example of this is Ackerman et al. (2009). They use the same assumptions of Stern (2006) changing some parameters consi ...
Impact of Population Growth and Climate Change on the Freshwater
... of drinking water. Despite this, there is little quantitative information on groundwater resources on the continent, with groundwater storage capacity being consequently omitted from freshwater availability assessment reports [18]. When considering groundwater resources in areas bordering seas, coas ...
... of drinking water. Despite this, there is little quantitative information on groundwater resources on the continent, with groundwater storage capacity being consequently omitted from freshwater availability assessment reports [18]. When considering groundwater resources in areas bordering seas, coas ...
Farmers and Climate Change: A Cross
... Of the locations covered in this analysis, Australia has experienced the most severe impacts attributable to climate change to date. During the first decade of this century, Australia experienced a significant drought. Researchers report ‘‘drought in many parts of the country is linked to, or at lea ...
... Of the locations covered in this analysis, Australia has experienced the most severe impacts attributable to climate change to date. During the first decade of this century, Australia experienced a significant drought. Researchers report ‘‘drought in many parts of the country is linked to, or at lea ...
Tropospheric temperature response to stratospheric ozone recovery
... (positive SAM trend) due to ozone depletion is expected to be associated with an enhanced tropospheric temperature gradient between the Antarctic and midlatitude SH. Previous studies of SAM variability have shown that this enhanced temperature gradient is maintained by anomalous vertical motion whic ...
... (positive SAM trend) due to ozone depletion is expected to be associated with an enhanced tropospheric temperature gradient between the Antarctic and midlatitude SH. Previous studies of SAM variability have shown that this enhanced temperature gradient is maintained by anomalous vertical motion whic ...
Assessing Future Climate Risks
... and plausible description of a possible future state of the world. It is one of the main tools for assessing future developments in complex systems that may be unpredictable, are insufficiently under- ...
... and plausible description of a possible future state of the world. It is one of the main tools for assessing future developments in complex systems that may be unpredictable, are insufficiently under- ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.