Climate change and agriculture: Agricultural trade, markets and
... The price of imports can be affected both directly and indirectly by climate change. If increased production from the areas that will ‘benefit’ from climate change is smaller than the decline in those that will ‘lose’, global supply will fall and prices will rise. This direct impact would be additio ...
... The price of imports can be affected both directly and indirectly by climate change. If increased production from the areas that will ‘benefit’ from climate change is smaller than the decline in those that will ‘lose’, global supply will fall and prices will rise. This direct impact would be additio ...
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... sequence as the observations. Our downscaled output is a set of 66 weather station-specific synthetic future temperature projections for daily mean temperature in each city from 2010 to 2099 based on three 30-year time slices, defined as the 2020s (2010 to 2039), 2050s (2040 to 2069) the 2080s (2070 ...
... sequence as the observations. Our downscaled output is a set of 66 weather station-specific synthetic future temperature projections for daily mean temperature in each city from 2010 to 2099 based on three 30-year time slices, defined as the 2020s (2010 to 2039), 2050s (2040 to 2069) the 2080s (2070 ...
Cooling the Earth with Crops
... lakes) scatter or absorb most of the radiation and so generally have low albedos of less than 0.1. Vegetated surfaces have relatively low albedos, with grasses around 0.19–0.27 and coniferous forest lower at 0.11–0.14.12 Therefore an increase in the surface albedo via a change from trees to grasses ...
... lakes) scatter or absorb most of the radiation and so generally have low albedos of less than 0.1. Vegetated surfaces have relatively low albedos, with grasses around 0.19–0.27 and coniferous forest lower at 0.11–0.14.12 Therefore an increase in the surface albedo via a change from trees to grasses ...
Future changes of the atmospheric composition and the impact of
... been confirmed by Köhler et al. (1998) on the basis of aircraft measurements (see above). The one-year ozone climatology derived from aircraft measurements (Brunner, 1998) showed a quite zonal structure in July, with values of 100 to 150 ppbv at 200 hPa between 40°N and 60°N. This is well reproduce ...
... been confirmed by Köhler et al. (1998) on the basis of aircraft measurements (see above). The one-year ozone climatology derived from aircraft measurements (Brunner, 1998) showed a quite zonal structure in July, with values of 100 to 150 ppbv at 200 hPa between 40°N and 60°N. This is well reproduce ...
An imperative need for global change research in tropical forests
... in the extratropics of the northern hemisphere with large El Niño events (IPCC 2007). Global climate models have predicted that all tropical forest regions would encounter a further warming of between 3 and 6 °C (mean) by the end of this century, which will move outside the range of natural variabil ...
... in the extratropics of the northern hemisphere with large El Niño events (IPCC 2007). Global climate models have predicted that all tropical forest regions would encounter a further warming of between 3 and 6 °C (mean) by the end of this century, which will move outside the range of natural variabil ...
Climate and Culture - George Mason University
... a comprehensive method that capitalizes on anthropologists’ skills in “being there” (Roncoli et al. 2009) and, in its recent iterations, has the methodological power to bridge local understandings beyond the local to the multitude of stakeholders and on a multitude of scales. We could further engage ...
... a comprehensive method that capitalizes on anthropologists’ skills in “being there” (Roncoli et al. 2009) and, in its recent iterations, has the methodological power to bridge local understandings beyond the local to the multitude of stakeholders and on a multitude of scales. We could further engage ...
Climate modelling in Bangladesh
... critical challenge to development initiatives in the country. Indeed, according to the Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) the adverse impacts of climate change are already being felt in Bangladesh in various sectors. Climate model projections suggest that already committed w ...
... critical challenge to development initiatives in the country. Indeed, according to the Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) the adverse impacts of climate change are already being felt in Bangladesh in various sectors. Climate model projections suggest that already committed w ...
Human Factors Explain the Increased Losses from Weather and
... > $1 billion have not been increasing in frequency over time and these 22 ing climate (Lecomte 1993; Flavin 1994; American very costly events since 1949 are scattered randomly Insurance Association 1999). There has long been sci- throughout the 1949–97 period (Changnon 1999b). entific concern that a ...
... > $1 billion have not been increasing in frequency over time and these 22 ing climate (Lecomte 1993; Flavin 1994; American very costly events since 1949 are scattered randomly Insurance Association 1999). There has long been sci- throughout the 1949–97 period (Changnon 1999b). entific concern that a ...
Regional Climate Change Adaptation Framework for the
... The Mediterranean has long been identified as a global climate change hotspot, one of the two most responsive regions to climate change globally1. Currently, responses to climate-related pressures and hazards in the region are often limited to short-term and reactive local emergency measures. Howeve ...
... The Mediterranean has long been identified as a global climate change hotspot, one of the two most responsive regions to climate change globally1. Currently, responses to climate-related pressures and hazards in the region are often limited to short-term and reactive local emergency measures. Howeve ...
Climate Change and Existing Law: A Survey Robert Meltz Legislative Attorney
... account of climate change and government responses thereto. At the threshold of many climate-change-related lawsuits are two barriers—whether the plaintiff has standing to sue and whether the claim being made presents a political question. Both barriers have forced courts to apply amorphous standard ...
... account of climate change and government responses thereto. At the threshold of many climate-change-related lawsuits are two barriers—whether the plaintiff has standing to sue and whether the claim being made presents a political question. Both barriers have forced courts to apply amorphous standard ...
Article - Cerfacs
... physical parameters. Over NA, the DTR significantly decreases due to the large increase of Tmin. The downward longwave radiation at the surface is enhanced (related to the GHG increase) and causes Tmin to increase. During daytime, the strong increase of LWd is counterbalanced by the strong decrease ...
... physical parameters. Over NA, the DTR significantly decreases due to the large increase of Tmin. The downward longwave radiation at the surface is enhanced (related to the GHG increase) and causes Tmin to increase. During daytime, the strong increase of LWd is counterbalanced by the strong decrease ...
Risk, uncertainty and the institutional geographies of
... classically distinguished risk, where the probability and impacts of an event occurring are known in advance so that expected gains and losses can be calculated precisely as the monetized product of the two, from uncertainty, where the range of possibilities is known, but not the precise probability ...
... classically distinguished risk, where the probability and impacts of an event occurring are known in advance so that expected gains and losses can be calculated precisely as the monetized product of the two, from uncertainty, where the range of possibilities is known, but not the precise probability ...
Ecosystem-based Adaptation in Marine and Coastal Ecosystems
... in the atmosphere. This will result in significant impacts, particularly in the marine and coastal environments. Measures to increase resilience in the face of these changes are a necessary complement to mitigation actions. There is a need for comprehensive adaptation strategies to consider not only ...
... in the atmosphere. This will result in significant impacts, particularly in the marine and coastal environments. Measures to increase resilience in the face of these changes are a necessary complement to mitigation actions. There is a need for comprehensive adaptation strategies to consider not only ...
Ville Kumpu A climate for reduction? Futures imagined in
... the effort of the MediaClimate network to explore and compare the coverage of climate summits across the world [29,20,30,31]. Connected to this effort the coverage of HS and IS was analyzed using a coding scheme that classified the genre, size, location of the stories and people quoted in the storie ...
... the effort of the MediaClimate network to explore and compare the coverage of climate summits across the world [29,20,30,31]. Connected to this effort the coverage of HS and IS was analyzed using a coding scheme that classified the genre, size, location of the stories and people quoted in the storie ...
Climatic warming strengthens a positive feedback between alpine
... In alpine and arctic ecosystems, warming experiments and long-term monitoring have documented significant increases in the growth and cover of woody species (Sturm et al., 2001; Walker et al., 2006; Myers-Smith et al., 2011). The frequency and extent of wildfires in these environments have also incr ...
... In alpine and arctic ecosystems, warming experiments and long-term monitoring have documented significant increases in the growth and cover of woody species (Sturm et al., 2001; Walker et al., 2006; Myers-Smith et al., 2011). The frequency and extent of wildfires in these environments have also incr ...
use of regional climate for hydrological simulations for the
... One field of application of hydrological models is the creation of runoff scenarios for different climate and glaciation conditions. However glacier storage is not handled well by current conceptual or physically-based hydrological models. Hence, holistic approaches to study and model glacier storag ...
... One field of application of hydrological models is the creation of runoff scenarios for different climate and glaciation conditions. However glacier storage is not handled well by current conceptual or physically-based hydrological models. Hence, holistic approaches to study and model glacier storag ...
The ocean`s role in polar climate change: asymmetric Arctic and
... models under GHG warming scenarios (e.g. [23,24]) they are also found in response to imposed ozone depletion (e.g. [25–28]). In fact, on the basis of GCM studies in which both forcings were included, separately and together, it is believed that ozone depletion has been the primary cause of the obser ...
... models under GHG warming scenarios (e.g. [23,24]) they are also found in response to imposed ozone depletion (e.g. [25–28]). In fact, on the basis of GCM studies in which both forcings were included, separately and together, it is believed that ozone depletion has been the primary cause of the obser ...
The ocean`s role in polar climate change: asymmetric Arctic and
... models under GHG warming scenarios (e.g. [23,24]) they are also found in response to imposed ozone depletion (e.g. [25–28]). In fact, on the basis of GCM studies in which both forcings were included, separately and together, it is believed that ozone depletion has been the primary cause of the obser ...
... models under GHG warming scenarios (e.g. [23,24]) they are also found in response to imposed ozone depletion (e.g. [25–28]). In fact, on the basis of GCM studies in which both forcings were included, separately and together, it is believed that ozone depletion has been the primary cause of the obser ...
An Adaptation Portfolio for the United States Coastal and Marine
... Understanding the context, in turn, requires a number of steps. First, the anticipated physical changes associated with climate change and the likely impacts of those changes need to be downscaled to particular locations. The set of physical and chemical impacts discussed in the “Climate Change I ...
... Understanding the context, in turn, requires a number of steps. First, the anticipated physical changes associated with climate change and the likely impacts of those changes need to be downscaled to particular locations. The set of physical and chemical impacts discussed in the “Climate Change I ...
Spain - Met Office
... • A description of key features of national weather and climate, including an analysis of new data on extreme events. • An assessment of the extent to which increases in greenhouse gases and aerosols in the atmosphere have altered the probability of particular seasonal temperatures compared to pre-i ...
... • A description of key features of national weather and climate, including an analysis of new data on extreme events. • An assessment of the extent to which increases in greenhouse gases and aerosols in the atmosphere have altered the probability of particular seasonal temperatures compared to pre-i ...
LCCARL418_en.pdf
... are often integrated into complicated Integrated Assessment Models (IAM). Clearly, the purpose, approach and perspective of social modeling are quite different from that of physical modeling. Social and economic “laws” are not deterministic but based on observed behavior of socio-economic aggregates ...
... are often integrated into complicated Integrated Assessment Models (IAM). Clearly, the purpose, approach and perspective of social modeling are quite different from that of physical modeling. Social and economic “laws” are not deterministic but based on observed behavior of socio-economic aggregates ...
- OCL - Oilseeds and fats, Crops and Lipids
... temperature (Seguin, 2003). In addition, sunflower could also become viable at higher altitudes than presently (shift of þ150 m per 1 °C increase). In the northern regions and in the continental part of Europe, warming will extend the length of the potential growing season allowing earlier planting a ...
... temperature (Seguin, 2003). In addition, sunflower could also become viable at higher altitudes than presently (shift of þ150 m per 1 °C increase). In the northern regions and in the continental part of Europe, warming will extend the length of the potential growing season allowing earlier planting a ...
chapter
... disease, changing distributions of plants and animals, declining coral reef health and fisheries, and the thawing of high-latitude lands and seas. Climatologists are concerned about observed changes occurring in the global climate, as these are at a pace not evidenced in the records of the past mill ...
... disease, changing distributions of plants and animals, declining coral reef health and fisheries, and the thawing of high-latitude lands and seas. Climatologists are concerned about observed changes occurring in the global climate, as these are at a pace not evidenced in the records of the past mill ...
April Cover.qxd - KNAW Research Portal
... for Limnology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Nieuwersluis, Netherlands © The Ecological Society of America ...
... for Limnology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Nieuwersluis, Netherlands © The Ecological Society of America ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.