Peroxisomal oxidation of fatty acids
... hydrogen peroxide. Peroxisomal enzymes are up-regulated when fat rich diets are consumed. Generally very long chain fatty acids diffuse into peroxisomes, get acivated by long chain fatty acylCoA synthase and then they are oxidized to short chain FA. ...
... hydrogen peroxide. Peroxisomal enzymes are up-regulated when fat rich diets are consumed. Generally very long chain fatty acids diffuse into peroxisomes, get acivated by long chain fatty acylCoA synthase and then they are oxidized to short chain FA. ...
7 CellRespiration
... 1. What is the ultimate purpose of catabolic reactions like cellular respiration? What is the delta G of cell respiration --- is it exergonic or endergonic overall? Is it an oxidative or reductive process? 2. What does it mean to say that glucose is oxidized? What are the products of oxidation? How ...
... 1. What is the ultimate purpose of catabolic reactions like cellular respiration? What is the delta G of cell respiration --- is it exergonic or endergonic overall? Is it an oxidative or reductive process? 2. What does it mean to say that glucose is oxidized? What are the products of oxidation? How ...
Photosynthesis/Cell Resp Notes
... o Both begin with glycolysis o No citric acid cycle or electron transport chain Glycolysis Glucose pyruvate + 2 ATP ...
... o Both begin with glycolysis o No citric acid cycle or electron transport chain Glycolysis Glucose pyruvate + 2 ATP ...
Use of mitochondrial electron transport mutants
... sylvestris mutant, CMSII, relating to the role of mitochondrial redox state in leaf metabolism and defence. Leaf mitochondria play key roles in photosynthesis, e.g. glycine decarboxylation in C3 plants and malate decarboxylation in certain C4 plants. Moreover, leaf mitochondrial function will depend ...
... sylvestris mutant, CMSII, relating to the role of mitochondrial redox state in leaf metabolism and defence. Leaf mitochondria play key roles in photosynthesis, e.g. glycine decarboxylation in C3 plants and malate decarboxylation in certain C4 plants. Moreover, leaf mitochondrial function will depend ...
Cellular Respiration
... 2 - ATP(You put in two ATP and made for so total you have is 2 ATP) 2 - NADH ...
... 2 - ATP(You put in two ATP and made for so total you have is 2 ATP) 2 - NADH ...
Met5 - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... I. Defects proximal to respiratory chain (substrate transport and utilization); e.g. pyruvate dehydrogenase complex defects (see p. 706 >>), pyruvate carboxylase deficiency (see p. 722 >>), citric acid cycle defects. lipid metabolism disorders could be considered "mitochondrial" dysfunctions, but ...
... I. Defects proximal to respiratory chain (substrate transport and utilization); e.g. pyruvate dehydrogenase complex defects (see p. 706 >>), pyruvate carboxylase deficiency (see p. 722 >>), citric acid cycle defects. lipid metabolism disorders could be considered "mitochondrial" dysfunctions, but ...
Chapter 9 – Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
... One catabolic process is called fermentation which is a partial oxidation of organic molecules, and it occurs without oxygen. Aerobic respiration is the complete oxidation of organic compounds, like sugar, with the participation of oxygen in the process. Food provides the “fuel” for the cells, and m ...
... One catabolic process is called fermentation which is a partial oxidation of organic molecules, and it occurs without oxygen. Aerobic respiration is the complete oxidation of organic compounds, like sugar, with the participation of oxygen in the process. Food provides the “fuel” for the cells, and m ...
Mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and cellular pH regulation
... mechanism is caspase-independent, since no caspases have been identified in the genome of the yeast, S. cerevisiae. Interestingly, ectopic expression of Bax in bacteria has been reported to cause increased efflux of H+, resulting in marked acidification of the extracellular medium and alkalinization ...
... mechanism is caspase-independent, since no caspases have been identified in the genome of the yeast, S. cerevisiae. Interestingly, ectopic expression of Bax in bacteria has been reported to cause increased efflux of H+, resulting in marked acidification of the extracellular medium and alkalinization ...
CH 7 Reading Guide 2014
... 34. At this point, you should be able to account for the total number of ATPs that could be formed from a glucose molecule. To accomplish this, we have to add the ATPs formed by substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to the ATPs formed by chemiosmosis. Each NADH can ...
... 34. At this point, you should be able to account for the total number of ATPs that could be formed from a glucose molecule. To accomplish this, we have to add the ATPs formed by substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to the ATPs formed by chemiosmosis. Each NADH can ...
photosynthesis-and-cellular-respiration-worksheet
... 2 pyruvate 2 ATP 2 NADH 2 acetyl CoA 2 CO2 2 NADH 4 CO2 2 ATP 6 NADH 2 FADH2 ...
... 2 pyruvate 2 ATP 2 NADH 2 acetyl CoA 2 CO2 2 NADH 4 CO2 2 ATP 6 NADH 2 FADH2 ...
Document
... In animals and bacteria the extra step converts pyruvate to lactate (or lactic acid). This is a reduction, so NADH is used and NAD is regenerated, to be used in glycolysis. The reaction is reversible, so the energy remaining in the lactate molecule can be retrieved when oxygen becomes available and ...
... In animals and bacteria the extra step converts pyruvate to lactate (or lactic acid). This is a reduction, so NADH is used and NAD is regenerated, to be used in glycolysis. The reaction is reversible, so the energy remaining in the lactate molecule can be retrieved when oxygen becomes available and ...
Cellular Respiration
... Review of mitochondrial structure and function Outer mitochondrial membrane ...
... Review of mitochondrial structure and function Outer mitochondrial membrane ...
Glycolysis - Fairfield Public Schools
... gained. Each NADH + H+ yields 3 ATP at the ETC for a total of 6 ATP. 2 Pyruvate are gained which are modified where further energy can be extracted. ...
... gained. Each NADH + H+ yields 3 ATP at the ETC for a total of 6 ATP. 2 Pyruvate are gained which are modified where further energy can be extracted. ...
Discovering the role of mitochondria in the iron deficiency
... disease (Galaris and Pantopoulos, 2008; Kell, 2009). Notably, the bioavailability of oxidised Fe3+ is poor due to the limited solubility of its compounds. Thus, the acquisition, usage and detoxification of Fe poses a considerable challenge for cells and organisms, which have evolved sophisticated mec ...
... disease (Galaris and Pantopoulos, 2008; Kell, 2009). Notably, the bioavailability of oxidised Fe3+ is poor due to the limited solubility of its compounds. Thus, the acquisition, usage and detoxification of Fe poses a considerable challenge for cells and organisms, which have evolved sophisticated mec ...
Name - wwphs
... 6 NADH & 2 FADH2 12. In the electron transport chain, what molecules transfer energy to ATP? NADH & FADH2 Where do these molecules come from? 2 NADH – from Glycolysis 8NADH & 2 FADH2 – from Krebs Cycle What is the waste product in this step? NAD+ and FAD+ (to be recycled)…most important waste produc ...
... 6 NADH & 2 FADH2 12. In the electron transport chain, what molecules transfer energy to ATP? NADH & FADH2 Where do these molecules come from? 2 NADH – from Glycolysis 8NADH & 2 FADH2 – from Krebs Cycle What is the waste product in this step? NAD+ and FAD+ (to be recycled)…most important waste produc ...
Chapter 7: PowerPoint
... DG = -686kcal/mol of glucose DG can be even higher than this in a cell This large amount of energy must be released in small steps rather than all at once. ...
... DG = -686kcal/mol of glucose DG can be even higher than this in a cell This large amount of energy must be released in small steps rather than all at once. ...
Name - Northern Highlands
... a. removes poisonous oxygen from the environment. c. Enables the cell to recycle NAD+ b. Extracts a bit more energy from glucose. d. Inactivates toxic pyruvic acid. 13. The ATP synthase in a human cell gets energy for making ATP directly from a. Sunlight d. movement of electrons through a series of ...
... a. removes poisonous oxygen from the environment. c. Enables the cell to recycle NAD+ b. Extracts a bit more energy from glucose. d. Inactivates toxic pyruvic acid. 13. The ATP synthase in a human cell gets energy for making ATP directly from a. Sunlight d. movement of electrons through a series of ...
Chapter 12 (part 1) - University of Nevada, Reno
... • Acetyl-CoA + 3 NAD+ + Q + GDP + Pi +2 H20 HS-CoA + 3NADH + QH2 + GTP + 2 CO2 + 2 H+ ...
... • Acetyl-CoA + 3 NAD+ + Q + GDP + Pi +2 H20 HS-CoA + 3NADH + QH2 + GTP + 2 CO2 + 2 H+ ...
Respiratory chain is the most productive pathway to make ATP
... Respiratory chain is the most productive pathway to make ATP. It uses chemicals that are synthesized by another pathway called citric acid cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle/krebs cycle). The chief purpose of the citric acid cycle is to supply chemical needs of respiratory chain. Citric acid cycle cann ...
... Respiratory chain is the most productive pathway to make ATP. It uses chemicals that are synthesized by another pathway called citric acid cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle/krebs cycle). The chief purpose of the citric acid cycle is to supply chemical needs of respiratory chain. Citric acid cycle cann ...
AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... 1. Does glycolysis require oxygen? 2. Where does glycolysis occur in the cell? Glycolysis animation Activity 12: Look at this animation and answer the following questions: 1. What is the net gain of ATP per glucose? KREB CYCLE (also called the Citric Acid Cycle, the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle or TCA c ...
... 1. Does glycolysis require oxygen? 2. Where does glycolysis occur in the cell? Glycolysis animation Activity 12: Look at this animation and answer the following questions: 1. What is the net gain of ATP per glucose? KREB CYCLE (also called the Citric Acid Cycle, the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle or TCA c ...
Lecture Presentation to accompany Principles of Life
... Lipids break down to fatty acids and glycerol. Fatty acids can be converted to acetyl CoA. Proteins are hydrolyzed to amino acids that can feed into glycolysis or the citric acid cycle. ...
... Lipids break down to fatty acids and glycerol. Fatty acids can be converted to acetyl CoA. Proteins are hydrolyzed to amino acids that can feed into glycolysis or the citric acid cycle. ...
4.4 Overview of Cellular Respiration
... • Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue making ATP when oxygen is unavailable. • NAD+ is recycled to glycolysis • Lactic acid fermentation occurs in muscle cells. – glycolysis splits glucose into two pyruvate molecules – pyruvate and NADH enter fermentation – energy from NADH converts pyr ...
... • Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue making ATP when oxygen is unavailable. • NAD+ is recycled to glycolysis • Lactic acid fermentation occurs in muscle cells. – glycolysis splits glucose into two pyruvate molecules – pyruvate and NADH enter fermentation – energy from NADH converts pyr ...
Bio102 Problems
... 1. Why is it advantageous for chloroplasts to have a very large (in surface area) thylakoid membrane contained within the inner membrane? A. This limits the amount of stroma volume, keeping the concentrations of enzymes and substrates very high. B. This allows faster passive transport of small carbo ...
... 1. Why is it advantageous for chloroplasts to have a very large (in surface area) thylakoid membrane contained within the inner membrane? A. This limits the amount of stroma volume, keeping the concentrations of enzymes and substrates very high. B. This allows faster passive transport of small carbo ...
ppt
... 1. Structure 2. Functions a. energy storage... but since they probably do other things, these are metabolized last... b. structure - after water, animals are mostly protein collagen, elastin, actin, myosin, etc... ...
... 1. Structure 2. Functions a. energy storage... but since they probably do other things, these are metabolized last... b. structure - after water, animals are mostly protein collagen, elastin, actin, myosin, etc... ...
Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. The word mitochondrion comes from the Greek μίτος, mitos, i.e. ""thread"", and χονδρίον, chondrion, i.e. ""granule"" or ""grain-like"".Mitochondria range from 0.5 to 1.0 μm in diameter. A considerable variation can be seen in the structure and size of this organelle. Unless specifically stained, they are not visible. These structures are described as ""the powerhouse of the cell"" because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling, cellular differentiation, and cell death, as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth. Mitochondria have been implicated in several human diseases, including mitochondrial disorders, cardiac dysfunction, and heart failure. A recent University of California study including ten children diagnosed with severe autism suggests that autism may be correlated with mitochondrial defects as well.Several characteristics make mitochondria unique. The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism, tissue, and cell type. For instance, red blood cells have no mitochondria, whereas liver cells can have more than 2000. The organelle is composed of compartments that carry out specialized functions. These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, the intermembrane space, the inner membrane, and the cristae and matrix. Mitochondrial proteins vary depending on the tissue and the species. In humans, 615 distinct types of protein have been identified from cardiac mitochondria, whereas in rats, 940 proteins have been reported. The mitochondrial proteome is thought to be dynamically regulated. Although most of a cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus, the mitochondrion has its own independent genome. Further, its DNA shows substantial similarity to bacterial genomes.