Lipids are biological molecules that are insoluble, or only sparingly
... and LDL). Hepatic lipase is anchored to the outside of the cell. It is homologous in structure and function to lipoprotein lipase, which is discussed below. - chylomicron remnants and low density lipoproteins (LDL) that have been taken up by the cell into lysosomes where triacylglycerol and phosphol ...
... and LDL). Hepatic lipase is anchored to the outside of the cell. It is homologous in structure and function to lipoprotein lipase, which is discussed below. - chylomicron remnants and low density lipoproteins (LDL) that have been taken up by the cell into lysosomes where triacylglycerol and phosphol ...
10 Translocation in the Phloem Chapter
... between the two cells. The plasmodesmata are often complex and branched on the companion cell side. Companion cells play a role in the transport of photosynthetic products from producing cells in mature leaves to the sieve elements in the minor (small) veins of the leaf. They are also thought to tak ...
... between the two cells. The plasmodesmata are often complex and branched on the companion cell side. Companion cells play a role in the transport of photosynthetic products from producing cells in mature leaves to the sieve elements in the minor (small) veins of the leaf. They are also thought to tak ...
metabolic pathways - MPG Systems Biology Forum
... indeed realized in Clusia minor (Borland et al, 1994). • Interestingly, (almost) pure elementary modes are realized here, although this should reduce robustness S. Schuster, D.A. Fell: Modelling and simulating metabolic networks. In: Bioinformatics: From Genomes to Therapies (T. Lengauer, ed.) Wiley ...
... indeed realized in Clusia minor (Borland et al, 1994). • Interestingly, (almost) pure elementary modes are realized here, although this should reduce robustness S. Schuster, D.A. Fell: Modelling and simulating metabolic networks. In: Bioinformatics: From Genomes to Therapies (T. Lengauer, ed.) Wiley ...
Cardiac mitochondrial matrix and respiratory complex - AJP
... many protein amino acids, and likely associated PTMs, are not conserved and apparently not critical for enzyme function. Thus PTMs on these amino acids, and even on some that are conserved, will likely not influence function if they are not in a critical region of the enzyme. In addition, the actual ...
... many protein amino acids, and likely associated PTMs, are not conserved and apparently not critical for enzyme function. Thus PTMs on these amino acids, and even on some that are conserved, will likely not influence function if they are not in a critical region of the enzyme. In addition, the actual ...
ADP
... This is the major function of saccharide 2. Work as remarkably versatile precursors for biosynthetic reactions such as amino acid, fat, cholesterol, nucleoside 3. Participate in the composition of tissue cells in organism. Such as glycoprotein, proteoglycan, glycolipid ...
... This is the major function of saccharide 2. Work as remarkably versatile precursors for biosynthetic reactions such as amino acid, fat, cholesterol, nucleoside 3. Participate in the composition of tissue cells in organism. Such as glycoprotein, proteoglycan, glycolipid ...
Fat to the fire: the regulation of lipid oxidation
... blood volume that is plasma [ Q plasma=Q (1 Hematocrit)], because FFA are not transported in red blood cells. Once at the myocyte, the rate of FFA uptake is dependent on many factors including transporter density, myocyte cytosolic protein binding capacity, and activation of the FFA to acyl-CoAs to ...
... blood volume that is plasma [ Q plasma=Q (1 Hematocrit)], because FFA are not transported in red blood cells. Once at the myocyte, the rate of FFA uptake is dependent on many factors including transporter density, myocyte cytosolic protein binding capacity, and activation of the FFA to acyl-CoAs to ...
Adenosine triphosphate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
... are metabolised to give fatty acids and glycerol. The overall process of oxidizing glucose to carbon dioxide is known as cellular respiration and can produce about 30 molecules of ATP from a single molecule of glucose.[22] ATP can be produced by a number of distinct cellular processes; the three mai ...
... are metabolised to give fatty acids and glycerol. The overall process of oxidizing glucose to carbon dioxide is known as cellular respiration and can produce about 30 molecules of ATP from a single molecule of glucose.[22] ATP can be produced by a number of distinct cellular processes; the three mai ...
General introduction - University of Amsterdam
... immunogenic spore formation. Sporulation might be reduced if continuous spreading from a nutrient-rich environment like the body is not necessary (48). Yeasts as model organisms Since ancient times the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used for baking and brewing, but in the last century it wa ...
... immunogenic spore formation. Sporulation might be reduced if continuous spreading from a nutrient-rich environment like the body is not necessary (48). Yeasts as model organisms Since ancient times the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used for baking and brewing, but in the last century it wa ...
respiration - A-level Biology Tutor
... 9. This was designed to test the understanding of respiratory knowledge and proved to be an excellent discriminating question. Only those who really understand respiration gained all marks and their scripts were a real pleasure to mark - it is to be hoped they might put this knowledge and ability to ...
... 9. This was designed to test the understanding of respiratory knowledge and proved to be an excellent discriminating question. Only those who really understand respiration gained all marks and their scripts were a real pleasure to mark - it is to be hoped they might put this knowledge and ability to ...
Cells Phenotype of Human Tolerogenic Dendritic Glycolytic
... Human dendritic cells (DCs) regulate the balance between immunity and tolerance through selective activation by environmental and pathogen-derived triggers. To characterize the rapid changes that occur during this process, we analyzed the underlying metabolic activity across a spectrum of functional ...
... Human dendritic cells (DCs) regulate the balance between immunity and tolerance through selective activation by environmental and pathogen-derived triggers. To characterize the rapid changes that occur during this process, we analyzed the underlying metabolic activity across a spectrum of functional ...
energy supply components - The Company of Biologists
... of course, that released by hydrolysis of ATP. In most tissues, the rates of such processes are low because most metabolic pathways operate rather sluggishly. However, muscle is exceptional: during transition from rest to work, its rate of ATP cycling or turnover (in flux units defined as ^molg^min" ...
... of course, that released by hydrolysis of ATP. In most tissues, the rates of such processes are low because most metabolic pathways operate rather sluggishly. However, muscle is exceptional: during transition from rest to work, its rate of ATP cycling or turnover (in flux units defined as ^molg^min" ...
From Endoplasmic Reticulum to Mitochondria
... reduced protein and lipid contents. In this study, we describe a further surprising metabolic peculiarity of the er-ant1 mutants. Interestingly, Gly levels in leaves are immensely enhanced (263) when compared with that of wild-type plants. Gly accumulation is caused by significantly decreased mitocho ...
... reduced protein and lipid contents. In this study, we describe a further surprising metabolic peculiarity of the er-ant1 mutants. Interestingly, Gly levels in leaves are immensely enhanced (263) when compared with that of wild-type plants. Gly accumulation is caused by significantly decreased mitocho ...
Life 9e - Garvness
... oxidase can be coupled to proton transport from the mitochondrial matrix to the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes, because those protein complexes are a. in the mitochondrial matrix. b. within the inner mitochondrial membrane. c. in the space between the inner and outer mitoc ...
... oxidase can be coupled to proton transport from the mitochondrial matrix to the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes, because those protein complexes are a. in the mitochondrial matrix. b. within the inner mitochondrial membrane. c. in the space between the inner and outer mitoc ...
Fatty Acid Oxid
... endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Fatty acid elongation within mitochondria involves the b-oxidation pathway running in reverse, but NADPH serves as electron donor for the final reduction step. Fatty acids esterified to CoA are substrates for the ER elongation machinery, which uses malonyl-CoA as dono ...
... endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Fatty acid elongation within mitochondria involves the b-oxidation pathway running in reverse, but NADPH serves as electron donor for the final reduction step. Fatty acids esterified to CoA are substrates for the ER elongation machinery, which uses malonyl-CoA as dono ...
Metabolic Pathways and Energy Production
... In reaction 7, phosphate groups from two 1,3bisphosphoglycerate molecules are transferred to ADP to form two ATP. In reaction 10, phosphate groups from two phosphoenolpyruvate molecules are used to form two more ATP. ...
... In reaction 7, phosphate groups from two 1,3bisphosphoglycerate molecules are transferred to ADP to form two ATP. In reaction 10, phosphate groups from two phosphoenolpyruvate molecules are used to form two more ATP. ...
Fatty Acid Oxid - Univerzita Karlova v Praze
... endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Fatty acid elongation within mitochondria involves the b-oxidation pathway running in reverse, but NADPH serves as electron donor for the final reduction step. Fatty acids esterified to CoA are substrates for the ER elongation machinery, which uses malonyl-CoA as dono ...
... endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Fatty acid elongation within mitochondria involves the b-oxidation pathway running in reverse, but NADPH serves as electron donor for the final reduction step. Fatty acids esterified to CoA are substrates for the ER elongation machinery, which uses malonyl-CoA as dono ...
ID_4450_General principles of metaboli_English_sem_5
... Enzymes are proteins that function as catalysts Enzymes are specific Enzyme activity can be regulated Enzymes may be used many times for a specific reaction Enzymes provide activation energy for reactions Phospholipase A2 is an enzyme which removes a fatty acid residue from lecithin to form Lecithin ...
... Enzymes are proteins that function as catalysts Enzymes are specific Enzyme activity can be regulated Enzymes may be used many times for a specific reaction Enzymes provide activation energy for reactions Phospholipase A2 is an enzyme which removes a fatty acid residue from lecithin to form Lecithin ...
Bio1A - Lec 9 slides File
... to bump out inhibitor or to get in there before the inhibitor has a chance to bind ...
... to bump out inhibitor or to get in there before the inhibitor has a chance to bind ...
Energy and Muscle Contraction
... Therefore, during this time, cellular respiration will be going at capacity, limited only by oxygen restraints. Glycolysis, on the other hand, will proceed at an accelerated rate for the purpose of gaining extra ATP. Note that during this time, pyruvate will be fed into the mitochondria as fast as s ...
... Therefore, during this time, cellular respiration will be going at capacity, limited only by oxygen restraints. Glycolysis, on the other hand, will proceed at an accelerated rate for the purpose of gaining extra ATP. Note that during this time, pyruvate will be fed into the mitochondria as fast as s ...
Cellular Respiration
... temperature of water caused by burning a food source. • Build the molecular model of cellular respiration reactants and products to demonstrate the conservation of matter (atoms) in the process. The models may also be used to demonstrate photosynthesis reactants and products. • Create a model of a m ...
... temperature of water caused by burning a food source. • Build the molecular model of cellular respiration reactants and products to demonstrate the conservation of matter (atoms) in the process. The models may also be used to demonstrate photosynthesis reactants and products. • Create a model of a m ...
Ch. 23 Oxidation of fatty acids, ketones 1. Fatty acids are fuels:
... • FA oxidation gives NADH, FAD(2H) by βoxidation; TCA cycle -> high ATP/ADP, NADH/NAD+ and Acetyl CoA concentrations • AMP-dep PK adjusts [malonyl CoA] so CPT1 and β-oxidation operate as needed ...
... • FA oxidation gives NADH, FAD(2H) by βoxidation; TCA cycle -> high ATP/ADP, NADH/NAD+ and Acetyl CoA concentrations • AMP-dep PK adjusts [malonyl CoA] so CPT1 and β-oxidation operate as needed ...
Carnitine Acetyltransferase and Mitochondrial Acetyl
... which phosphorylate and inhibit PDH (Sugden and Holness 2006). In addition to ...
... which phosphorylate and inhibit PDH (Sugden and Holness 2006). In addition to ...
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
... • TCA cycle (a.k.a Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle) plays several roles in metabolism • It is the final pathway where oxidative metabolism of CHO’s, aa’s & fatty acids converge, their C skeletons being converted to CO2 & H2O. This oxidation provides energy for production of majority of ATP. • The c ...
... • TCA cycle (a.k.a Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle) plays several roles in metabolism • It is the final pathway where oxidative metabolism of CHO’s, aa’s & fatty acids converge, their C skeletons being converted to CO2 & H2O. This oxidation provides energy for production of majority of ATP. • The c ...
Biology, 7e (Campbell) Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting
... Topic: Concept 9.2 Skill: Comprehension 26) In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis? A) CO2 and H2O B) CO2 and pyruvate C) NADH and pyruvate D) CO2 and NADH E) H2O, FADH2, and citrate Topic: Concept 9.2 Skill: Knowledge 27) The free energy for the oxidation of glucose to CO2 and ...
... Topic: Concept 9.2 Skill: Comprehension 26) In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis? A) CO2 and H2O B) CO2 and pyruvate C) NADH and pyruvate D) CO2 and NADH E) H2O, FADH2, and citrate Topic: Concept 9.2 Skill: Knowledge 27) The free energy for the oxidation of glucose to CO2 and ...
Universal Functional and Model Consistency Testing
... aminotransferase reaction and the mitochondrial alanine transporter ALAtm were both removed, based on the evidence that the mitochondrial alanine transaminase is present only on gluconeogenic tissues [DeRosa and Swick, J Biol Chem (1975)] and that there were no other alanine reactions in mitochondri ...
... aminotransferase reaction and the mitochondrial alanine transporter ALAtm were both removed, based on the evidence that the mitochondrial alanine transaminase is present only on gluconeogenic tissues [DeRosa and Swick, J Biol Chem (1975)] and that there were no other alanine reactions in mitochondri ...
Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. The word mitochondrion comes from the Greek μίτος, mitos, i.e. ""thread"", and χονδρίον, chondrion, i.e. ""granule"" or ""grain-like"".Mitochondria range from 0.5 to 1.0 μm in diameter. A considerable variation can be seen in the structure and size of this organelle. Unless specifically stained, they are not visible. These structures are described as ""the powerhouse of the cell"" because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling, cellular differentiation, and cell death, as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth. Mitochondria have been implicated in several human diseases, including mitochondrial disorders, cardiac dysfunction, and heart failure. A recent University of California study including ten children diagnosed with severe autism suggests that autism may be correlated with mitochondrial defects as well.Several characteristics make mitochondria unique. The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism, tissue, and cell type. For instance, red blood cells have no mitochondria, whereas liver cells can have more than 2000. The organelle is composed of compartments that carry out specialized functions. These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, the intermembrane space, the inner membrane, and the cristae and matrix. Mitochondrial proteins vary depending on the tissue and the species. In humans, 615 distinct types of protein have been identified from cardiac mitochondria, whereas in rats, 940 proteins have been reported. The mitochondrial proteome is thought to be dynamically regulated. Although most of a cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus, the mitochondrion has its own independent genome. Further, its DNA shows substantial similarity to bacterial genomes.