
Cellular Respiration
... • the inner membrane is elaborately folded with shelflike cristae projecting into the matrix. ...
... • the inner membrane is elaborately folded with shelflike cristae projecting into the matrix. ...
Metabolism of lipids
... Summary of the flow of electrons and protons through the four complexes of the respiratory chain. Electrons reach CoQ via Complexes I and II. CoQH2 serves as a mobile carrier of electrons and protons. It transfers electrons to Complex III, which transfers them to another mobile connecting link, cyto ...
... Summary of the flow of electrons and protons through the four complexes of the respiratory chain. Electrons reach CoQ via Complexes I and II. CoQH2 serves as a mobile carrier of electrons and protons. It transfers electrons to Complex III, which transfers them to another mobile connecting link, cyto ...
Enzymes
... • Cooperativity is a form of allosteric regulation that can amplify enzyme activity • In cooperativity, binding by a substrate to one active site stabilizes favorable conformational changes at all ...
... • Cooperativity is a form of allosteric regulation that can amplify enzyme activity • In cooperativity, binding by a substrate to one active site stabilizes favorable conformational changes at all ...
PPT slides - USD Biology
... acids into the Krebs cycle Note that different amino acids enter as different Krebs cycle intermediates. ...
... acids into the Krebs cycle Note that different amino acids enter as different Krebs cycle intermediates. ...
NAD - wwphs
... Acetyl CoA + CO2 + NADH Acetyl CoA enters mitochondria matrix and reacts with oxaloacetate Citrate (aka citric acid cycle) A series of reactions will yield oxaloacetate again (aka cycle) Each pyruvate makes 3 NADH, 1FADH2, 1ATP, 2 CO2 How many per glucose? ...
... Acetyl CoA + CO2 + NADH Acetyl CoA enters mitochondria matrix and reacts with oxaloacetate Citrate (aka citric acid cycle) A series of reactions will yield oxaloacetate again (aka cycle) Each pyruvate makes 3 NADH, 1FADH2, 1ATP, 2 CO2 How many per glucose? ...
Comparing Fermentation with Anaerobic and
... and harvest chemical energy of food In all three, NAD is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis The processes have different final electron acceptors: an organic molecule (such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde) in fermentation and O2 in cellular respiration ...
... and harvest chemical energy of food In all three, NAD is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis The processes have different final electron acceptors: an organic molecule (such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde) in fermentation and O2 in cellular respiration ...
PG1005 Lecture 12 Kreb`s Citric Acid Cycle
... cytosol to the establishment of electron harvesting reactions in the mitochondrial matrix • To revise the general mechanisms of glucose uptake. • To describe the enzymatic reactions occurring at each step of Kreb’s Citric Acid Cycle (KCAC). (substrates, enzymes, products, reaction types) • To hig ...
... cytosol to the establishment of electron harvesting reactions in the mitochondrial matrix • To revise the general mechanisms of glucose uptake. • To describe the enzymatic reactions occurring at each step of Kreb’s Citric Acid Cycle (KCAC). (substrates, enzymes, products, reaction types) • To hig ...
ReadingStudyGuide1.W97
... cycle, what is the “final fate” of the carbon atoms? Now you should better understand the overall chemical equation for cellular respiration (e.g. 6CO2). 13. Where in the cell does the Krebs cycle take place? 14. Refer to figure 7.6. Count the number of NADH, FADH2 (which are similar in function to ...
... cycle, what is the “final fate” of the carbon atoms? Now you should better understand the overall chemical equation for cellular respiration (e.g. 6CO2). 13. Where in the cell does the Krebs cycle take place? 14. Refer to figure 7.6. Count the number of NADH, FADH2 (which are similar in function to ...
For lecture notes click here
... synthesis of most other types of lipids, including nonessential fatty acids and steroids, begins with acetylCoA. Lipogenesis can use almost any organic substrate, because lipids, amino acids, and carbohydrates can be converted to acetyl-CoA. Fatty acid synthesis involves a reaction sequence quit ...
... synthesis of most other types of lipids, including nonessential fatty acids and steroids, begins with acetylCoA. Lipogenesis can use almost any organic substrate, because lipids, amino acids, and carbohydrates can be converted to acetyl-CoA. Fatty acid synthesis involves a reaction sequence quit ...
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and other Energy
... o An eight-carbon fatty acid can produce 4 acetyl CoA's o Each acetyl CoA is worth 12 ATP's (3 NADP, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP) o Therefore, this short fatty acid is worth 48 ATP's, a fat with three chains of this length would be worth 144 ATP's! o This is why fats are such a good source of energy, and are har ...
... o An eight-carbon fatty acid can produce 4 acetyl CoA's o Each acetyl CoA is worth 12 ATP's (3 NADP, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP) o Therefore, this short fatty acid is worth 48 ATP's, a fat with three chains of this length would be worth 144 ATP's! o This is why fats are such a good source of energy, and are har ...
Pass Back Graded Work!
... many different fruits and vegetables, but is especially concentrated in lemons and limes. Citric acid is used for many different reasons, including (but not limited to): Citric acid is used as a flavoring in many preparations of Vitamin C, and has a wide variety of other uses. In industry, citric ...
... many different fruits and vegetables, but is especially concentrated in lemons and limes. Citric acid is used for many different reasons, including (but not limited to): Citric acid is used as a flavoring in many preparations of Vitamin C, and has a wide variety of other uses. In industry, citric ...
Study Guide Cellular Respiration
... Electron Transport Chain: ATP Synthesis by Oxidative Phosphorylation 40. Electron Transport Chain: is a series of H-acceptors and electron-acceptors associated with the inner membrane of Mitochondria. 41. NADH passes its 2 electrons to first H-acceptor and 2 H+ are pumped out to outer chamber (in be ...
... Electron Transport Chain: ATP Synthesis by Oxidative Phosphorylation 40. Electron Transport Chain: is a series of H-acceptors and electron-acceptors associated with the inner membrane of Mitochondria. 41. NADH passes its 2 electrons to first H-acceptor and 2 H+ are pumped out to outer chamber (in be ...
A2 Aerobic respiration Link reaction Glucose cannot cross the
... electron carriers located within the inner membrane of mitochondria. Folds called cristae create a larger surface area for attachment of these electron carriers. As electrons are passed down the electron transport chain between carriers, energy is released and used to pump hydrogen ions (H+/protons) ...
... electron carriers located within the inner membrane of mitochondria. Folds called cristae create a larger surface area for attachment of these electron carriers. As electrons are passed down the electron transport chain between carriers, energy is released and used to pump hydrogen ions (H+/protons) ...
Chapter 6 Cellular Energy
... This produces ADP (di-phosphate) and AMP (monophosphate) low energy If ATP is a fully charged battery, ADP would be half charged and AMP would be nearly out of energy ...
... This produces ADP (di-phosphate) and AMP (monophosphate) low energy If ATP is a fully charged battery, ADP would be half charged and AMP would be nearly out of energy ...
Chapter 9
... 3. Shuttle - takes pyruvate from cytoplasm to mitochondria. Gain 2NADH. 4. Krebs cycle - takes the two 3 Carbon compounds from Glycolysis and extracts all Carbons and Oxygens as CO2 and Hydrogen electrons are transported by NADH/FADH2. Gain - 2 ATP + 6NADH + 2FADH2 5. Electron Transport Chain and Ox ...
... 3. Shuttle - takes pyruvate from cytoplasm to mitochondria. Gain 2NADH. 4. Krebs cycle - takes the two 3 Carbon compounds from Glycolysis and extracts all Carbons and Oxygens as CO2 and Hydrogen electrons are transported by NADH/FADH2. Gain - 2 ATP + 6NADH + 2FADH2 5. Electron Transport Chain and Ox ...
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5/e
... 2. In muscle, Ca2+, the signal for increase in demand for ATP, acitvate isocitrate DH, a-ketoglutarate DH as well as PDH complex ...
... 2. In muscle, Ca2+, the signal for increase in demand for ATP, acitvate isocitrate DH, a-ketoglutarate DH as well as PDH complex ...
respiration
... • Net Reaction Appears as the Reverse of PS • The individual reactions that occur to achieve the net effect are entirely different ...
... • Net Reaction Appears as the Reverse of PS • The individual reactions that occur to achieve the net effect are entirely different ...
+ 2
... Ethanolic fermentation occurs in many kinds of cells during times that they are deprived of oxygen. It occurs in some kinds of yeast even in the presence of oxygen. Note: In fermentation all products of glucose metabolism may be discarded except ATP. ...
... Ethanolic fermentation occurs in many kinds of cells during times that they are deprived of oxygen. It occurs in some kinds of yeast even in the presence of oxygen. Note: In fermentation all products of glucose metabolism may be discarded except ATP. ...
Chapter 19
... • AMP, ADP, and ATP: agents for the storage and transfer of phosphate groups. • NAD+/NADH: agents for the transfer of electrons in biological oxidation-reduction reactions. • FAD/FADH2: agents for the transfer of electrons in biological oxidation-reduction reactions. • Coenzyme A; abbreviated CoA or ...
... • AMP, ADP, and ATP: agents for the storage and transfer of phosphate groups. • NAD+/NADH: agents for the transfer of electrons in biological oxidation-reduction reactions. • FAD/FADH2: agents for the transfer of electrons in biological oxidation-reduction reactions. • Coenzyme A; abbreviated CoA or ...
Plant Respiration Exchange of Gases in Plants - E
... During photophosphorylation, light energy is utilised for the production of proton gradient. But in respiration, the energy of oxidation-reduction is utilised for the production of proton gradient. Hence, this process is called oxidative phosphorylation. The energy released during the electron tran ...
... During photophosphorylation, light energy is utilised for the production of proton gradient. But in respiration, the energy of oxidation-reduction is utilised for the production of proton gradient. Hence, this process is called oxidative phosphorylation. The energy released during the electron tran ...
AP BIOLOGY – CHAPTER 7 Cellular Respiration Outline
... 1. Electron transport system is located in cristae of mitochondria; consists of carriers that pass electrons. 2. Some protein carriers are cytochrome molecules. 3. Electrons that enter the electron transport system are carried by NADH and FADH2. 4. NADH gives up its electrons and becomes NAD+; next ...
... 1. Electron transport system is located in cristae of mitochondria; consists of carriers that pass electrons. 2. Some protein carriers are cytochrome molecules. 3. Electrons that enter the electron transport system are carried by NADH and FADH2. 4. NADH gives up its electrons and becomes NAD+; next ...
Chapter 8 Cellular Respiration 8.1 Cellular Respiration 1. Cellular
... consists of carriers that pass electrons successively from one to another. 2. NADH and FADH2 carry the electrons to the electron transport system. 3. Members of the Chain a. NADH gives up its electrons and becomes NAD+; the next carrier then gains electrons and is thereby reduced. b. At each sequent ...
... consists of carriers that pass electrons successively from one to another. 2. NADH and FADH2 carry the electrons to the electron transport system. 3. Members of the Chain a. NADH gives up its electrons and becomes NAD+; the next carrier then gains electrons and is thereby reduced. b. At each sequent ...
Mitochondrion

The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. The word mitochondrion comes from the Greek μίτος, mitos, i.e. ""thread"", and χονδρίον, chondrion, i.e. ""granule"" or ""grain-like"".Mitochondria range from 0.5 to 1.0 μm in diameter. A considerable variation can be seen in the structure and size of this organelle. Unless specifically stained, they are not visible. These structures are described as ""the powerhouse of the cell"" because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling, cellular differentiation, and cell death, as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth. Mitochondria have been implicated in several human diseases, including mitochondrial disorders, cardiac dysfunction, and heart failure. A recent University of California study including ten children diagnosed with severe autism suggests that autism may be correlated with mitochondrial defects as well.Several characteristics make mitochondria unique. The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism, tissue, and cell type. For instance, red blood cells have no mitochondria, whereas liver cells can have more than 2000. The organelle is composed of compartments that carry out specialized functions. These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, the intermembrane space, the inner membrane, and the cristae and matrix. Mitochondrial proteins vary depending on the tissue and the species. In humans, 615 distinct types of protein have been identified from cardiac mitochondria, whereas in rats, 940 proteins have been reported. The mitochondrial proteome is thought to be dynamically regulated. Although most of a cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus, the mitochondrion has its own independent genome. Further, its DNA shows substantial similarity to bacterial genomes.