AP Biology - John D. O`Bryant School of Math & Science
... was studied in an experiment using intact isolated rat heart. After the heart was perfused (supplied with) with 0.22 mM fluoroacetate, the measured rate of glucose uptake and glycolysis decreased, and glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate accumulated. Examination of the citric acid cycle inte ...
... was studied in an experiment using intact isolated rat heart. After the heart was perfused (supplied with) with 0.22 mM fluoroacetate, the measured rate of glucose uptake and glycolysis decreased, and glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate accumulated. Examination of the citric acid cycle inte ...
Ca2+ Ions and the Output of Acetylcoenzyme A from Brain
... studied mainly in association with the synthesis of acetylcholine (ACh) (for reviews see Quastel 1978; Tuček 1978, 1983; Jope 1979). There is no doubt that most acetyl groups in brain ACh originate from glucose (Browning and Schulman 1968 ; Tuček and Cheng 1970, 1974) and it seems likely that the su ...
... studied mainly in association with the synthesis of acetylcholine (ACh) (for reviews see Quastel 1978; Tuček 1978, 1983; Jope 1979). There is no doubt that most acetyl groups in brain ACh originate from glucose (Browning and Schulman 1968 ; Tuček and Cheng 1970, 1974) and it seems likely that the su ...
LAB 6 – Fermentation & Cellular Respiration INTRODUCTION
... The importance of O2 for cellular respiration cannot be overemphasized. O2 is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. Without O2 electron transport does not occur, bringing cellular respiration to a halt, and the only option for ATP production is fermentation. This means 2 ATP p ...
... The importance of O2 for cellular respiration cannot be overemphasized. O2 is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. Without O2 electron transport does not occur, bringing cellular respiration to a halt, and the only option for ATP production is fermentation. This means 2 ATP p ...
The α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex in cancer metabolic
... The TCA cycle is fueled by substrates entering at different gateways to convey the carbon source for both energy production and biosynthesis. In the canonical view, acetyl CoA is provided by the oxidation of carbohydrates, mostly glucose and fatty acids, and is then condensed with oxaloacetate to fo ...
... The TCA cycle is fueled by substrates entering at different gateways to convey the carbon source for both energy production and biosynthesis. In the canonical view, acetyl CoA is provided by the oxidation of carbohydrates, mostly glucose and fatty acids, and is then condensed with oxaloacetate to fo ...
Lecture 12: Enzymes of Metabolism: An Introduction Reference
... 6. Explain why newly synthesized fatty acids are not immediately transported into mitochondria for oxidation. a. FA must first be bound to carnitine in order to enter the mitochondrial matrix to be oxidized b. FA are not immediately transported into the mito in order to prevent a “futile cycle” wher ...
... 6. Explain why newly synthesized fatty acids are not immediately transported into mitochondria for oxidation. a. FA must first be bound to carnitine in order to enter the mitochondrial matrix to be oxidized b. FA are not immediately transported into the mito in order to prevent a “futile cycle” wher ...
Popeye knew what he was doing!
... Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Fermentation • Occurs without oxygen, and is seen in some types of bacteria, yeast, and fatigued muscle cells. • Fermentation occurs only in the cytoplasm (no ETC involved). After glycolysis, 1 or 2 reactions occur to reduce pyruvate to another compound. • Ferme ...
... Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Fermentation • Occurs without oxygen, and is seen in some types of bacteria, yeast, and fatigued muscle cells. • Fermentation occurs only in the cytoplasm (no ETC involved). After glycolysis, 1 or 2 reactions occur to reduce pyruvate to another compound. • Ferme ...
The Point is to Make ATP!
... electrons stripped from H atoms H+ (H ions) electrons passed from one electron carrier to next in mitochondrial membrane (ETC) transport proteins in membrane pump H+ across inner membrane to intermembrane space ...
... electrons stripped from H atoms H+ (H ions) electrons passed from one electron carrier to next in mitochondrial membrane (ETC) transport proteins in membrane pump H+ across inner membrane to intermembrane space ...
Chapter 8
... • The citric acid cycle, also called the Krebs cycle, takes place within the mitochondrial matrix • The cycle oxidizes acetyl CoA (the organic fuel derived from pyruvate), generating the following per one turn of the cycle: – 1 ATP – 3 NADH ...
... • The citric acid cycle, also called the Krebs cycle, takes place within the mitochondrial matrix • The cycle oxidizes acetyl CoA (the organic fuel derived from pyruvate), generating the following per one turn of the cycle: – 1 ATP – 3 NADH ...
Biological Oxidation
... How is the energy of Oxidation Preserved for the synthesis of ATP? ANS: Electron transfer to oxygen is accompanied by the formation of a high energy proton gradient. The Gradient arises by having protons pumped from the matrix side of the mitochondria to the inner membrane spaces Back flow of the p ...
... How is the energy of Oxidation Preserved for the synthesis of ATP? ANS: Electron transfer to oxygen is accompanied by the formation of a high energy proton gradient. The Gradient arises by having protons pumped from the matrix side of the mitochondria to the inner membrane spaces Back flow of the p ...
H 2 O
... • Died-August 1, 1970 in Berlin, Germany • He won a Nobel prize in Physiology and Medicine for his Warburg effect in 1931. ...
... • Died-August 1, 1970 in Berlin, Germany • He won a Nobel prize in Physiology and Medicine for his Warburg effect in 1931. ...
ch3b FA11 - Cal State LA
... • Collection of biochemical rxns within a cell • Metabolic pathways – Sequence of rxns – Each step catalyzed by a different enzyme • Enzymes of a pathway often physically interact to form large complexes – Limits amount of diffusion needed at each step of the pathway – The product of the preceding s ...
... • Collection of biochemical rxns within a cell • Metabolic pathways – Sequence of rxns – Each step catalyzed by a different enzyme • Enzymes of a pathway often physically interact to form large complexes – Limits amount of diffusion needed at each step of the pathway – The product of the preceding s ...
A Genetic Link Between an mRNA-Specific Translational
... and furthermore that this suppressor mutation conferred itsownPet"" phenotype:approximatelyone sixth of the tetrads (1 8 total) contained 2 Peths: 2 Pet+ (parental ditype), while one sixth contained 2 Peth": 2 Pet- (nonparental ditype) and two thirds contained 1 Pet+: 2 Peth': 1 Pet- (tetratype). Si ...
... and furthermore that this suppressor mutation conferred itsownPet"" phenotype:approximatelyone sixth of the tetrads (1 8 total) contained 2 Peths: 2 Pet+ (parental ditype), while one sixth contained 2 Peth": 2 Pet- (nonparental ditype) and two thirds contained 1 Pet+: 2 Peth': 1 Pet- (tetratype). Si ...
Document
... An additional finding is that SUCLG2 staining in human fibroblasts covered only a small fraction of the mitochondrial network. On the other hand, SUCLA2 staining covered the majority of mitochondria in the same cells (Dobolyi et al. 2013). It would be interesting to see a triple-colocalization study ...
... An additional finding is that SUCLG2 staining in human fibroblasts covered only a small fraction of the mitochondrial network. On the other hand, SUCLA2 staining covered the majority of mitochondria in the same cells (Dobolyi et al. 2013). It would be interesting to see a triple-colocalization study ...
Chapter 7
... Warburg effect- cancer cells preferentially use glycolysis while decreasing oxidative phosphorylation Used to diagnose cancers in PET scans Glycolytic enzymes overexpressed in 80% of all types of cancers Caused by genetic and environmental factorsmutations and low oxygen ...
... Warburg effect- cancer cells preferentially use glycolysis while decreasing oxidative phosphorylation Used to diagnose cancers in PET scans Glycolytic enzymes overexpressed in 80% of all types of cancers Caused by genetic and environmental factorsmutations and low oxygen ...
cellular respiration study guide
... 3. Why is being “reduced” equivalent to having a greater potential energy? ...
... 3. Why is being “reduced” equivalent to having a greater potential energy? ...
Mitochondrial metabolite transport
... of secondary transport proteins called MCs (mitochondrial carriers). The importance of MCs is demonstrated by their wide distribution in all eukaryotes, their role in numerous metabolic pathways and cell functions, and the identification of several diseases caused by alterations of their genes. MCs ...
... of secondary transport proteins called MCs (mitochondrial carriers). The importance of MCs is demonstrated by their wide distribution in all eukaryotes, their role in numerous metabolic pathways and cell functions, and the identification of several diseases caused by alterations of their genes. MCs ...
030626 Mitochondrial Respiratory
... ubiquinone–cytochrome c oxidoreductase (complex III, 11 subunits), cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, 13 subunits), and ATP synthase (complex V, approximately 16 subunits). The respiratory chain also requires two small electron carriers, ubiquinone (coenzyme Q10) and cytochrome c. ATP synthesis entai ...
... ubiquinone–cytochrome c oxidoreductase (complex III, 11 subunits), cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, 13 subunits), and ATP synthase (complex V, approximately 16 subunits). The respiratory chain also requires two small electron carriers, ubiquinone (coenzyme Q10) and cytochrome c. ATP synthesis entai ...
Cellular respiration
... aerobic respiration which leads to the Krebs cycle. However, if oxygen is not present, fermentation of the pyruvate molecule will occur. In the presence of oxygen, when acetyl-CoA is produced, the molecule then enters the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) inside the mitochondrial matrix, and gets oxid ...
... aerobic respiration which leads to the Krebs cycle. However, if oxygen is not present, fermentation of the pyruvate molecule will occur. In the presence of oxygen, when acetyl-CoA is produced, the molecule then enters the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) inside the mitochondrial matrix, and gets oxid ...
Citric Acid Cycle
... citric acid cycle, generating three NADH, one FADH2, and one ATP (by substrate-level phophorylation). • Intermediates of citric acid cycle are also used as biosynthetic precursors for many other biomolecules, including fatty acids, steroids, amino acids, heme, pyrimidines, and glucose. ...
... citric acid cycle, generating three NADH, one FADH2, and one ATP (by substrate-level phophorylation). • Intermediates of citric acid cycle are also used as biosynthetic precursors for many other biomolecules, including fatty acids, steroids, amino acids, heme, pyrimidines, and glucose. ...
Cellular Respiration - Ursuline High School
... from NADH and FADH2 to form ATP. Function: Convert NADH and FADH2 into ATP. Location: Mitochondria cristae. ...
... from NADH and FADH2 to form ATP. Function: Convert NADH and FADH2 into ATP. Location: Mitochondria cristae. ...
Investigation of Iron-Sulfur Protein Maturation in Eukaryotes
... recently discovered cytosolic Fe-S protein assembly (CIA) system specifically participate in the maturation of cytosolic and nuclear Fe-S proteins. Of the approx 20 assembly components known to date, many are encoded by essential genes, including several components of mitochondria. This indicates th ...
... recently discovered cytosolic Fe-S protein assembly (CIA) system specifically participate in the maturation of cytosolic and nuclear Fe-S proteins. Of the approx 20 assembly components known to date, many are encoded by essential genes, including several components of mitochondria. This indicates th ...
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... from NADH and FADH2 to form ATP. Function: Convert NADH and FADH2 into ATP. Location: Mitochondria cristae. ...
... from NADH and FADH2 to form ATP. Function: Convert NADH and FADH2 into ATP. Location: Mitochondria cristae. ...
Document
... - the normal fuel is fatty acids which are converted to acetylCoA and oxidized in the citric acid cycle and ATP is produced by oxidative phosphorylation. - about half the volume of the cytoplasm of heart muscle cells made up of mitochondria. - the heart has low levels of glycogen and little phosphoc ...
... - the normal fuel is fatty acids which are converted to acetylCoA and oxidized in the citric acid cycle and ATP is produced by oxidative phosphorylation. - about half the volume of the cytoplasm of heart muscle cells made up of mitochondria. - the heart has low levels of glycogen and little phosphoc ...
Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. The word mitochondrion comes from the Greek μίτος, mitos, i.e. ""thread"", and χονδρίον, chondrion, i.e. ""granule"" or ""grain-like"".Mitochondria range from 0.5 to 1.0 μm in diameter. A considerable variation can be seen in the structure and size of this organelle. Unless specifically stained, they are not visible. These structures are described as ""the powerhouse of the cell"" because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling, cellular differentiation, and cell death, as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth. Mitochondria have been implicated in several human diseases, including mitochondrial disorders, cardiac dysfunction, and heart failure. A recent University of California study including ten children diagnosed with severe autism suggests that autism may be correlated with mitochondrial defects as well.Several characteristics make mitochondria unique. The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism, tissue, and cell type. For instance, red blood cells have no mitochondria, whereas liver cells can have more than 2000. The organelle is composed of compartments that carry out specialized functions. These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, the intermembrane space, the inner membrane, and the cristae and matrix. Mitochondrial proteins vary depending on the tissue and the species. In humans, 615 distinct types of protein have been identified from cardiac mitochondria, whereas in rats, 940 proteins have been reported. The mitochondrial proteome is thought to be dynamically regulated. Although most of a cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus, the mitochondrion has its own independent genome. Further, its DNA shows substantial similarity to bacterial genomes.