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Fatty Acid Oxidation and Ketone Bodies OXIDATION OF FATTY
Fatty Acid Oxidation and Ketone Bodies OXIDATION OF FATTY

... intermediates and does not generate high-energy phosphates. ...
respiration - Sakshieducation.com
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... If the production of cellular energy continues to decline in such a person, more and more of the body’s cells will continue to function poorly. Soon various bio-chemical pathways, organs and even complete body systems will begin to fail. This will result in chronic medical conditions, eventually lea ...
Cellular respiration - how cells make energy
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... • If O2 is not available to the cell, fermentation, an anaerobic process, occurs in the cytoplasm.  During fermentation, glucose is incompletely metabolized to lactate, or to CO2 and alcohol (depending on the organism). ...
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lec33_F2015
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... test of time, they frequently generated misconceptions about the underlying biochemical mechanisms of cancer cell transformation. In fact, the first incontestable examples of causality between mitochondrial dysfunction and tumorigenesis were only discovered less than a decade ago when mutations in su ...
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

... 21. The diagram covers only one pyruvate, although two pyruvates are formed from a single glucose. How many molecules of the following are formed from the breakdown of glucose? a. NADH = __________ b. FADH2 = __________ c. ATP = __________ 22. The step that converts pyruvate to acetyl CoA at the top ...
File
File

... 18) The free energy for the oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water is -686 kcal/mol and the free energy for the reduction of NAD+ to NADH is +53 kcal/mol. Why are only two molecules of NADH formed during glycolysis when it appears that as many as a dozen could be formed? A) Most of the free energy av ...
STRUCTURE OF ATP
STRUCTURE OF ATP

... The fate of Pyruvic acid depends upon presence or absence of oxygen. Under aerobic conditions, Pyruvic acid is completely oxidized to form 6CO2 ,6H2O and large amount of energy is generated.It occurs through Krebs cycle and ETS inside the mitochondrion and in all higher organisms. Under anaerobic co ...
Variation in the link between oxygen consumption and ATP
Variation in the link between oxygen consumption and ATP

... metabolism includes all anabolic and catabolic reactions within an organism, and consequently covers all processes associated with obtaining, assimilating, transforming and allocating resources. The term ‘oxygen consumption rate’ is usually presumed to be related to any, if not all, of these process ...
PDF Fulltext
PDF Fulltext

... (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species(RNS) are generated by our body by different endogenous systems, exposure to various physiochemical conditions or pathological states. A balance between free radicals and antioxidants is needful for proper physiological actio action. If free radicals overwhelm the ...
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Mitochondrion



The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. The word mitochondrion comes from the Greek μίτος, mitos, i.e. ""thread"", and χονδρίον, chondrion, i.e. ""granule"" or ""grain-like"".Mitochondria range from 0.5 to 1.0 μm in diameter. A considerable variation can be seen in the structure and size of this organelle. Unless specifically stained, they are not visible. These structures are described as ""the powerhouse of the cell"" because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling, cellular differentiation, and cell death, as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth. Mitochondria have been implicated in several human diseases, including mitochondrial disorders, cardiac dysfunction, and heart failure. A recent University of California study including ten children diagnosed with severe autism suggests that autism may be correlated with mitochondrial defects as well.Several characteristics make mitochondria unique. The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism, tissue, and cell type. For instance, red blood cells have no mitochondria, whereas liver cells can have more than 2000. The organelle is composed of compartments that carry out specialized functions. These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, the intermembrane space, the inner membrane, and the cristae and matrix. Mitochondrial proteins vary depending on the tissue and the species. In humans, 615 distinct types of protein have been identified from cardiac mitochondria, whereas in rats, 940 proteins have been reported. The mitochondrial proteome is thought to be dynamically regulated. Although most of a cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus, the mitochondrion has its own independent genome. Further, its DNA shows substantial similarity to bacterial genomes.
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