11A
... a) the second phase of anaerobic respiration b) the first phase of aerobic respiration c) the second phase of aerobic respiration d) the third phase of anaerobic respiration ____The conversion of pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide and ethanol is called a) lactic acid fermentation b) alcoholic fermentati ...
... a) the second phase of anaerobic respiration b) the first phase of aerobic respiration c) the second phase of aerobic respiration d) the third phase of anaerobic respiration ____The conversion of pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide and ethanol is called a) lactic acid fermentation b) alcoholic fermentati ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION Getting energy to make atp
... lactic acid and 2 ATP Lactic acid builds up in muscle cells resulting in burning and fatigue Eventually lactic acid is sent to liver and converted back to pyruvic acid ...
... lactic acid and 2 ATP Lactic acid builds up in muscle cells resulting in burning and fatigue Eventually lactic acid is sent to liver and converted back to pyruvic acid ...
METABOLIC PATHWAYS Section 6 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF
... f. phosphoenolpruvate form pyruvic acid and forms another ATP molecule 3. aerobic and anerobic metabolism a. three energy rich ATP molecules can be formed from each NADH2 formed (6/molecule of glucose) oxidative phosphorlation leads to the transfer of two hydrogen atoms to oxygen and the release of ...
... f. phosphoenolpruvate form pyruvic acid and forms another ATP molecule 3. aerobic and anerobic metabolism a. three energy rich ATP molecules can be formed from each NADH2 formed (6/molecule of glucose) oxidative phosphorlation leads to the transfer of two hydrogen atoms to oxygen and the release of ...
Chapter 3
... 6. Discuss the biochemical pathways involved in anaerobic ATP production. 7. Discuss the aerobic production of ATP. 8. Describe the general scheme used to regulate metabolic pathways involved in bioenergetics bioenergetics. 9. Discuss the interaction between aerobic and anaerobic ATP production duri ...
... 6. Discuss the biochemical pathways involved in anaerobic ATP production. 7. Discuss the aerobic production of ATP. 8. Describe the general scheme used to regulate metabolic pathways involved in bioenergetics bioenergetics. 9. Discuss the interaction between aerobic and anaerobic ATP production duri ...
Tricarboxylic acid cycle dysfunction as a cause of human diseases
... consistently found in balanced proportions depending on different tissues (44), suggesting a concerted expression of the genes coding for TCA cycle enzymes to fit tissue-specific metabolic demand. The semifluid state of the matrix also results in a kinetic compartmentation of soluble oxidation cofac ...
... consistently found in balanced proportions depending on different tissues (44), suggesting a concerted expression of the genes coding for TCA cycle enzymes to fit tissue-specific metabolic demand. The semifluid state of the matrix also results in a kinetic compartmentation of soluble oxidation cofac ...
Fatty Acid Oxidation and Ketone Bodies
... detected in brain tissue. It does not generate CoA intermediates and does not generate highenergy phosphates. w-oxidation is a minor pathway and is brought about by cytochrome P450 in the endoplasmic reticulum. CH3 group is converted to a -CH2OH group that subsequently is oxidized to -COOH, thus for ...
... detected in brain tissue. It does not generate CoA intermediates and does not generate highenergy phosphates. w-oxidation is a minor pathway and is brought about by cytochrome P450 in the endoplasmic reticulum. CH3 group is converted to a -CH2OH group that subsequently is oxidized to -COOH, thus for ...
Photosynthesis
... reaction are used to power the formation of Organic Compounds (Sugars), using CO2. 2. This is a light Independent reaction. It can happen during the daylight, it just does NOT ...
... reaction are used to power the formation of Organic Compounds (Sugars), using CO2. 2. This is a light Independent reaction. It can happen during the daylight, it just does NOT ...
The b-oxidation pathway as an energy source
... Origin of mitochondria: the endosymbiont hypothesis The endosymbiont hypothesis suggests that mitochondria have evolved from anaerobic bacteria which were phagocytosed by eukaryote cells at the time oxygen appeared on earth, Similarities between mitochondria and bacteria include the presence of: • ...
... Origin of mitochondria: the endosymbiont hypothesis The endosymbiont hypothesis suggests that mitochondria have evolved from anaerobic bacteria which were phagocytosed by eukaryote cells at the time oxygen appeared on earth, Similarities between mitochondria and bacteria include the presence of: • ...
Chem*3560 Lecture 28: Active Transport
... flips the transporter into one particular orientation. If the vacant transporter is made to face inwards after ATP hydrolysis, it is more likely to become occupied by [S] from the inside, even when the inside now has the lower concentration of substrate [S]. ...
... flips the transporter into one particular orientation. If the vacant transporter is made to face inwards after ATP hydrolysis, it is more likely to become occupied by [S] from the inside, even when the inside now has the lower concentration of substrate [S]. ...
9.3 student notes
... • Proteins and nucleic acids can also be used to make ATP, but they are usually used for building important cell parts. ...
... • Proteins and nucleic acids can also be used to make ATP, but they are usually used for building important cell parts. ...
Chapter 5 Gases
... Glycolysis in cytoplasm splits a glucose molecule into 2 pyruvate; 2 NADH and 4 ATP also form. An investment of 2 ATP began the reactions, so the net yield is 2 ATP. ...
... Glycolysis in cytoplasm splits a glucose molecule into 2 pyruvate; 2 NADH and 4 ATP also form. An investment of 2 ATP began the reactions, so the net yield is 2 ATP. ...
Mitochondrial membrane lipid remodeling in
... 1. Mitochondria: evolution, physiology and the role of their membrane lipids Mitochondria are membrane-enclosed cellular structures, which are classically defined as energy-producing organelles, although their influence extends to many other cell functions. In the classic, although controversial at th ...
... 1. Mitochondria: evolution, physiology and the role of their membrane lipids Mitochondria are membrane-enclosed cellular structures, which are classically defined as energy-producing organelles, although their influence extends to many other cell functions. In the classic, although controversial at th ...
Neurodegeneration from Mitochondrial Insufficiency
... catalytic proteins (Figure 2). Five discrete multiprotein complexes, known as complex I, II, III, IV, and V,2,3 manage the process called oxidative phosphorylation. OXPHOS begins as complex I engages NADH and complex II engages FADH2. Each enzyme strips away the pair of electrons from its substrate ...
... catalytic proteins (Figure 2). Five discrete multiprotein complexes, known as complex I, II, III, IV, and V,2,3 manage the process called oxidative phosphorylation. OXPHOS begins as complex I engages NADH and complex II engages FADH2. Each enzyme strips away the pair of electrons from its substrate ...
Ch 9 Homework Plan - Dublin City Schools
... produced, and how this process links glycolysis to the Citric Acid Cycle o Describe the form and fate of the carbons in the Krebs Cycle. [Note the role of oxaloacetate] Complete the Cellular Respiration Review Activity #2 Friday - Weekend (Oct. 16th – 18th) Read p. 164-166 (from the “Oxidation o ...
... produced, and how this process links glycolysis to the Citric Acid Cycle o Describe the form and fate of the carbons in the Krebs Cycle. [Note the role of oxaloacetate] Complete the Cellular Respiration Review Activity #2 Friday - Weekend (Oct. 16th – 18th) Read p. 164-166 (from the “Oxidation o ...
The molecular machinery of Keilin`s respiratory chain
... fortuitous observation of the characteristic four-banded visible spectrum of respiratory chain cytochrome in thoracic muscle of the adult fly stage of Gasterophilus intestinalis, a parasitic worm that he had been studying in relation to changes in haemoglobin content during its life cycle. In these ...
... fortuitous observation of the characteristic four-banded visible spectrum of respiratory chain cytochrome in thoracic muscle of the adult fly stage of Gasterophilus intestinalis, a parasitic worm that he had been studying in relation to changes in haemoglobin content during its life cycle. In these ...
Chapter 11
... a linear arrangement of electron carriers, with a 1:1 stoichiometry for each of the 4 relevant enzymes (Fig 20-8 V&V). this picture arose because of the response to inhibitors. If an inhibitor blocks electron transfer between two sites (as indicated above for antimycin) then in the presence of an ex ...
... a linear arrangement of electron carriers, with a 1:1 stoichiometry for each of the 4 relevant enzymes (Fig 20-8 V&V). this picture arose because of the response to inhibitors. If an inhibitor blocks electron transfer between two sites (as indicated above for antimycin) then in the presence of an ex ...
METABOLISM CATABOLISM AND ANABOLISM ATP MOLECULE
... enzyme complexes pump protons from matrix into space between inner and outer mitochondrial membranes creates steep electrochemical gradient for H+ across inner mitochondrial membrane ...
... enzyme complexes pump protons from matrix into space between inner and outer mitochondrial membranes creates steep electrochemical gradient for H+ across inner mitochondrial membrane ...
Reactions of Photosynthesis (continued)
... followed by the Citric Acid Cycle (aka Krebs Cycle) and electron transport chain = cellular respiration – releases energy by breaking down food in the presence of oxygen ...
... followed by the Citric Acid Cycle (aka Krebs Cycle) and electron transport chain = cellular respiration – releases energy by breaking down food in the presence of oxygen ...
Increased Protein and Lipid Oxidative Damage in
... brane by similar processes as discussed above, leading to alterations in components of the membrane such as lipid and proteins, including the electron transport system. These alterations, in turn, can lead to alterations in membrane fluidity, leakage of apoptosis-inducing molecules such as cytochrom ...
... brane by similar processes as discussed above, leading to alterations in components of the membrane such as lipid and proteins, including the electron transport system. These alterations, in turn, can lead to alterations in membrane fluidity, leakage of apoptosis-inducing molecules such as cytochrom ...
Sol: A process of physio
... of the citric acid cycle. The energy is not released unless NADH and FADH are oxidized through the ETS. The oxidation means ‘removal of electrons from it’. Metabolic pathway through which the electron passes from one carrier to another is called “Electron transport system” It is operative in the inn ...
... of the citric acid cycle. The energy is not released unless NADH and FADH are oxidized through the ETS. The oxidation means ‘removal of electrons from it’. Metabolic pathway through which the electron passes from one carrier to another is called “Electron transport system” It is operative in the inn ...
ATPs and - Walton High
... motive force. This force is a store of potential energy created by the gradient formed when hydrogens (protons) are moved across a biological membrane. Therefore, the electron transport chain merely produces a gradient through which ATP can be made (this is known as chemiosmosis). ...
... motive force. This force is a store of potential energy created by the gradient formed when hydrogens (protons) are moved across a biological membrane. Therefore, the electron transport chain merely produces a gradient through which ATP can be made (this is known as chemiosmosis). ...
BIOMEDICAL IMPORTANCE Fatty acids are synthesized by an
... BIOMEDICAL IMPORTANCE Fatty acids are synthesized by an extramitochondrial system, which is responsible for the complete synthesis of palmitate from acetyl-CoA in the cytosol. In the rat, the pathway is well represented in adipose tissue and liver, whereas in humans adipose tissue may not be an impo ...
... BIOMEDICAL IMPORTANCE Fatty acids are synthesized by an extramitochondrial system, which is responsible for the complete synthesis of palmitate from acetyl-CoA in the cytosol. In the rat, the pathway is well represented in adipose tissue and liver, whereas in humans adipose tissue may not be an impo ...
Xe + Y → X + Ye - Sonoma Valley High School
... 21. The diagram covers only one pyruvate, although two pyruvates are formed from a single glucose. How many molecules of the following are formed from the breakdown of glucose (up to this point)? a. NADH = __________ b. FADH2 = __________ c. ATP = __________ 22. The step that converts pyruvate to ac ...
... 21. The diagram covers only one pyruvate, although two pyruvates are formed from a single glucose. How many molecules of the following are formed from the breakdown of glucose (up to this point)? a. NADH = __________ b. FADH2 = __________ c. ATP = __________ 22. The step that converts pyruvate to ac ...
Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. The word mitochondrion comes from the Greek μίτος, mitos, i.e. ""thread"", and χονδρίον, chondrion, i.e. ""granule"" or ""grain-like"".Mitochondria range from 0.5 to 1.0 μm in diameter. A considerable variation can be seen in the structure and size of this organelle. Unless specifically stained, they are not visible. These structures are described as ""the powerhouse of the cell"" because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling, cellular differentiation, and cell death, as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth. Mitochondria have been implicated in several human diseases, including mitochondrial disorders, cardiac dysfunction, and heart failure. A recent University of California study including ten children diagnosed with severe autism suggests that autism may be correlated with mitochondrial defects as well.Several characteristics make mitochondria unique. The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism, tissue, and cell type. For instance, red blood cells have no mitochondria, whereas liver cells can have more than 2000. The organelle is composed of compartments that carry out specialized functions. These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, the intermembrane space, the inner membrane, and the cristae and matrix. Mitochondrial proteins vary depending on the tissue and the species. In humans, 615 distinct types of protein have been identified from cardiac mitochondria, whereas in rats, 940 proteins have been reported. The mitochondrial proteome is thought to be dynamically regulated. Although most of a cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus, the mitochondrion has its own independent genome. Further, its DNA shows substantial similarity to bacterial genomes.