C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 6 CO 2 + H 2 O + ATP
... Glycolysis is the break down of glucose into 2 pyruvate. How many ATP molecules are needed to start this reaction? zero, one, two or four ...
... Glycolysis is the break down of glucose into 2 pyruvate. How many ATP molecules are needed to start this reaction? zero, one, two or four ...
Cellular Respiration
... • Cells need a constant supply of ATP, so they continually recycle ADP to ATP. For example, an active muscle cell recycles its ATP at a rate of about 10 million molecules per second! • Both fermentation and cellular respiration start with the same process – glycolysis. To understand how cells get en ...
... • Cells need a constant supply of ATP, so they continually recycle ADP to ATP. For example, an active muscle cell recycles its ATP at a rate of about 10 million molecules per second! • Both fermentation and cellular respiration start with the same process – glycolysis. To understand how cells get en ...
From Functional Genomics to Physiological Model: the
... assign functions to gene products at different levels, depending on how much is known about a gene product ...
... assign functions to gene products at different levels, depending on how much is known about a gene product ...
Limits of aerobic metabolism in cancer cells
... reductive carboxylation of glutamine to the lipid precursor AcCoA (5). More recently, acetate has been shown to be another important source of AcCoA in cancer cells (6-9) and its contribution increases under oxygen limitation (6). Given that fermentation of glucose is the default pathway under anaer ...
... reductive carboxylation of glutamine to the lipid precursor AcCoA (5). More recently, acetate has been shown to be another important source of AcCoA in cancer cells (6-9) and its contribution increases under oxygen limitation (6). Given that fermentation of glucose is the default pathway under anaer ...
Document
... • additional membrane is needed for cell expansion; synthesize new membranes only by expansion of existing membranes • the basic structural and physical properties of membranes are determined by their lipid components—principally phospholipids, sphingolipids, and sterols such as cholesterol • early ...
... • additional membrane is needed for cell expansion; synthesize new membranes only by expansion of existing membranes • the basic structural and physical properties of membranes are determined by their lipid components—principally phospholipids, sphingolipids, and sterols such as cholesterol • early ...
Tricarboxylic acid cycle
... 1. Citrate synthase: inhibited by ATP, NADH, acyl CoA and succinyl CoA 2. Isocitrate dehydrogenase: Inhibited by ATP and NADH and activated by ADP 3. -KG dehydrogenase inhibited by NADH & succinyl CoA The availability of ADP: Important for proceeding the TCA cycle if not oxidation of NADH and FADH2 ...
... 1. Citrate synthase: inhibited by ATP, NADH, acyl CoA and succinyl CoA 2. Isocitrate dehydrogenase: Inhibited by ATP and NADH and activated by ADP 3. -KG dehydrogenase inhibited by NADH & succinyl CoA The availability of ADP: Important for proceeding the TCA cycle if not oxidation of NADH and FADH2 ...
hope. energy. life. - The United Mitochondrial Disease Foundation
... WHAT IS MITOCHONDRIAL DISEASE? Mitochondrial diseases are not a single disorder, but represent a widely variable group of metabolic diseases. These diseases commonly result from failure of the mitochondria, which are specialized organelles present in almost every cell of the body. Mitochondria are ...
... WHAT IS MITOCHONDRIAL DISEASE? Mitochondrial diseases are not a single disorder, but represent a widely variable group of metabolic diseases. These diseases commonly result from failure of the mitochondria, which are specialized organelles present in almost every cell of the body. Mitochondria are ...
Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration Oxidation of Pyruvate Krebs Cycle
... reduces NAD → NADH (stores energy) produces acetyl CoA ...
... reduces NAD → NADH (stores energy) produces acetyl CoA ...
Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration Kreb`s Cycle
... reduces NAD NADH (stores energy) produces acetyl CoA ...
... reduces NAD NADH (stores energy) produces acetyl CoA ...
lecture 6, cellular respiration, 031709
... The Krebs cycle and electron transport chain operate only in aerobic conditions (when O2 is present). Glycolysis can operate under anaerobic and aerobic conditions since it is not dependent upon oxygen. Bacteria first formed about 3.5 billion years ago, and used glycolysis to produce ATP. Oxygen, a ...
... The Krebs cycle and electron transport chain operate only in aerobic conditions (when O2 is present). Glycolysis can operate under anaerobic and aerobic conditions since it is not dependent upon oxygen. Bacteria first formed about 3.5 billion years ago, and used glycolysis to produce ATP. Oxygen, a ...
Slide 1
... However,UDP-GlcNAc,a nucleotide aminosugar acetylated in the endoplasmic reticulum during the biosynthesis of GPI-anchored proteins associated with malaria pathogenesis,is labeled at the acetyl group only during growth on 13C-glucose ...
... However,UDP-GlcNAc,a nucleotide aminosugar acetylated in the endoplasmic reticulum during the biosynthesis of GPI-anchored proteins associated with malaria pathogenesis,is labeled at the acetyl group only during growth on 13C-glucose ...
Chem*3560 Lecture 15: Gluconeogenesis
... kJ/mol). The strategy used is to add a carboxylate group to pyruvate first, which yields oxaloacetate. Since decarboxylation always releases considerable energy, an ATP must be used as an energy source when carboxylate is added. Then in a second reaction, the added carboxylate is lost again; with th ...
... kJ/mol). The strategy used is to add a carboxylate group to pyruvate first, which yields oxaloacetate. Since decarboxylation always releases considerable energy, an ATP must be used as an energy source when carboxylate is added. Then in a second reaction, the added carboxylate is lost again; with th ...
introduction - WordPress.com
... the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is ...
... the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is ...
Home - NeuroImmune Alliance
... skeletal muscle biopsies of CFS/ME patients35, but the CFS/ME patients had statistically significant lower levels of serum total carnitine, free carnitine and acylcarnitine compared to healthy controls.36 They concluded this was due to dysfunctional mitochondria. They also found a statistically sign ...
... skeletal muscle biopsies of CFS/ME patients35, but the CFS/ME patients had statistically significant lower levels of serum total carnitine, free carnitine and acylcarnitine compared to healthy controls.36 They concluded this was due to dysfunctional mitochondria. They also found a statistically sign ...
chap18 oxidative phosphorylation
... At no time one electron reduced species of oxygen is given out. If they come out they are very dangerous. Superoxide, peroxide and hydroxy radicals are sequential one electron reduction intermediates formed when oxygen is reduced to water. All three of them are extremely dangerous. ATP synthesis: AT ...
... At no time one electron reduced species of oxygen is given out. If they come out they are very dangerous. Superoxide, peroxide and hydroxy radicals are sequential one electron reduction intermediates formed when oxygen is reduced to water. All three of them are extremely dangerous. ATP synthesis: AT ...
Lipogenesis (2014)
... 1- Transport of acetyl CoA to cytoplasm: Acetyl CoA is the precursor of fatty acid synthesis. It is produced from oxidation of glucose (by oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate) and metabolism of ketogenic and mixed amino acids. Acetyl CoA is produced in mitochondria, and FA synthesis occurs in cyto ...
... 1- Transport of acetyl CoA to cytoplasm: Acetyl CoA is the precursor of fatty acid synthesis. It is produced from oxidation of glucose (by oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate) and metabolism of ketogenic and mixed amino acids. Acetyl CoA is produced in mitochondria, and FA synthesis occurs in cyto ...
AP Biology
... b. Per glucose, 10 NADH and two FADH2 molecules provide electrons and H ions to electron transport system. c. For each NADH formed within the mitochondrion, three ATP are produced. d. For each FADH2 formed by Krebs cycle, two ATP result since FADH2 delivers electrons after NADH. e. For each NADH for ...
... b. Per glucose, 10 NADH and two FADH2 molecules provide electrons and H ions to electron transport system. c. For each NADH formed within the mitochondrion, three ATP are produced. d. For each FADH2 formed by Krebs cycle, two ATP result since FADH2 delivers electrons after NADH. e. For each NADH for ...
anaerobic respiration
... When food is broken down, energetic electrons are released. NADH catches the electrons. NADH releases the electrons so that ATP can be made. Metabolism is all of the reactions in the body that involve energy transformation ...
... When food is broken down, energetic electrons are released. NADH catches the electrons. NADH releases the electrons so that ATP can be made. Metabolism is all of the reactions in the body that involve energy transformation ...
Chapter 16 Citric Acid Cycle
... 4, 5, & 6C intermediates serve both and sources for synthesis of other compounds, and a ways to bring in other compound for oxidation In eukaryote entire cycle and the subsequent oxidative phosphorylation take place in mitochondria in prokaryote take place in cytosol with oxidative phosphorylation t ...
... 4, 5, & 6C intermediates serve both and sources for synthesis of other compounds, and a ways to bring in other compound for oxidation In eukaryote entire cycle and the subsequent oxidative phosphorylation take place in mitochondria in prokaryote take place in cytosol with oxidative phosphorylation t ...
Respiration ppt - mleonessciencepage
... • Krebs cycle -pathway that breaks down acetyl CoA producing carbon dioxide, hydrogen atoms, and ATP • Mitochondrial matrix -the space inside the inner membrane of a mitochondria • Oxaloacetic acid -four-carbon molecule that combines with Acetyl CoA • Pyruvic acid - three-carbon product of glycolysi ...
... • Krebs cycle -pathway that breaks down acetyl CoA producing carbon dioxide, hydrogen atoms, and ATP • Mitochondrial matrix -the space inside the inner membrane of a mitochondria • Oxaloacetic acid -four-carbon molecule that combines with Acetyl CoA • Pyruvic acid - three-carbon product of glycolysi ...
Cellular Respiration
... Transports electrons (from NADH and FADH2) thru a series of redox rxns that release free energy. This free energy is used to pump H+ protons into the inner membrane space of the mitochondria This creates an electro-chemical gradient that is a source of free energy which is used to create ATP! ...
... Transports electrons (from NADH and FADH2) thru a series of redox rxns that release free energy. This free energy is used to pump H+ protons into the inner membrane space of the mitochondria This creates an electro-chemical gradient that is a source of free energy which is used to create ATP! ...
Study Guide for Cellular Respiration Answers
... 2. photophosphorylation is found in photosynthesis and is the process of making ATP from ADP and a phosphate, by means of a proton motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis. 3. catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules int ...
... 2. photophosphorylation is found in photosynthesis and is the process of making ATP from ADP and a phosphate, by means of a proton motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis. 3. catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules int ...
Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. The word mitochondrion comes from the Greek μίτος, mitos, i.e. ""thread"", and χονδρίον, chondrion, i.e. ""granule"" or ""grain-like"".Mitochondria range from 0.5 to 1.0 μm in diameter. A considerable variation can be seen in the structure and size of this organelle. Unless specifically stained, they are not visible. These structures are described as ""the powerhouse of the cell"" because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling, cellular differentiation, and cell death, as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth. Mitochondria have been implicated in several human diseases, including mitochondrial disorders, cardiac dysfunction, and heart failure. A recent University of California study including ten children diagnosed with severe autism suggests that autism may be correlated with mitochondrial defects as well.Several characteristics make mitochondria unique. The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism, tissue, and cell type. For instance, red blood cells have no mitochondria, whereas liver cells can have more than 2000. The organelle is composed of compartments that carry out specialized functions. These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, the intermembrane space, the inner membrane, and the cristae and matrix. Mitochondrial proteins vary depending on the tissue and the species. In humans, 615 distinct types of protein have been identified from cardiac mitochondria, whereas in rats, 940 proteins have been reported. The mitochondrial proteome is thought to be dynamically regulated. Although most of a cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus, the mitochondrion has its own independent genome. Further, its DNA shows substantial similarity to bacterial genomes.