acid
... reducing equivalents (NADH, FADH2) and GTP. 5. The reduced co-enzymes are finally oxidized in the respiratory chain with concomitant generation of ATP. 6. One acetyl-CoA molecule is oxidized by this cycle at a time. Site Enzymes of citric acid cycle are present in mitochondrial matrix ...
... reducing equivalents (NADH, FADH2) and GTP. 5. The reduced co-enzymes are finally oxidized in the respiratory chain with concomitant generation of ATP. 6. One acetyl-CoA molecule is oxidized by this cycle at a time. Site Enzymes of citric acid cycle are present in mitochondrial matrix ...
Document
... called oxidative phosphorylation because it is powered by redox reactions • Oxidative phosphorylation accounts for almost 90% of the ATP generated by cellular respiration • A smaller amount of ATP is formed in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle by substrate-level phosphorylation Copyright © 2008 P ...
... called oxidative phosphorylation because it is powered by redox reactions • Oxidative phosphorylation accounts for almost 90% of the ATP generated by cellular respiration • A smaller amount of ATP is formed in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle by substrate-level phosphorylation Copyright © 2008 P ...
RESPIRATION PPT...Campbell Powerpoint presentation
... • Electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH2 to the electron transport chain • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 • The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly • It breaks the large free-energy drop from food to O2 int ...
... • Electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH2 to the electron transport chain • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 • The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly • It breaks the large free-energy drop from food to O2 int ...
CHAP NUM="9" ID="CH
... the breakdown products of the first two stages (most often via NADH) and passes these electrons from one molecule to another. At the end of the chain, the electrons are combined with molecular oxygen and hydrogen ions (H+), forming water (see Figure 9.5b). The energy released at each step of the cha ...
... the breakdown products of the first two stages (most often via NADH) and passes these electrons from one molecule to another. At the end of the chain, the electrons are combined with molecular oxygen and hydrogen ions (H+), forming water (see Figure 9.5b). The energy released at each step of the cha ...
Fatty Acid Oxid
... Free fatty acids, which in solution have detergent properties, are transported in the blood bound to albumin, a serum protein produced by the liver. Several proteins have been identified that facilitate transport of long chain fatty acids into cells, including the plasma membrane protein CD36. ...
... Free fatty acids, which in solution have detergent properties, are transported in the blood bound to albumin, a serum protein produced by the liver. Several proteins have been identified that facilitate transport of long chain fatty acids into cells, including the plasma membrane protein CD36. ...
Lecture-Lipid Metabolism - Creighton Chemistry Webserver
... Oxidation of fatty acids - regulation Need to regulate so oxidation only occurs when the need for energy requires it 1. Rate-limiting rxn. - fatty acids entering mito. (acyltransferases) ...
... Oxidation of fatty acids - regulation Need to regulate so oxidation only occurs when the need for energy requires it 1. Rate-limiting rxn. - fatty acids entering mito. (acyltransferases) ...
TCA (Krebs) Cycle
... or citric acid cycle: located in mitochondrion; common 8-Rx oxidative pathway for all fuels. Two major metabolic roles: energy production and biosynthesis. 4 oxidative steps: capture high DG e– in 3 NADH and 1 FADH2; transfer to ETS for ATP. Substrate level phosphorylation: 1 GTP. 8 reaction ...
... or citric acid cycle: located in mitochondrion; common 8-Rx oxidative pathway for all fuels. Two major metabolic roles: energy production and biosynthesis. 4 oxidative steps: capture high DG e– in 3 NADH and 1 FADH2; transfer to ETS for ATP. Substrate level phosphorylation: 1 GTP. 8 reaction ...
ATP - RCSD
... • Your body requires a continuous supply of energy just to stay alive—to keep your heart pumping and ...
... • Your body requires a continuous supply of energy just to stay alive—to keep your heart pumping and ...
3-Glycolysis BCH340
... 1. Pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) reaction: reaction: This enzyme is Mg++dependent and requires an enzyme-bound cofactor, thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). In this reaction a molecule of CO2 is released producing acetaldehyde. 2. Alcohol dehydrogenase reaction: Acetaldehyde is reduced to ethanol using NAD ...
... 1. Pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) reaction: reaction: This enzyme is Mg++dependent and requires an enzyme-bound cofactor, thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). In this reaction a molecule of CO2 is released producing acetaldehyde. 2. Alcohol dehydrogenase reaction: Acetaldehyde is reduced to ethanol using NAD ...
SC.912.L.18.8 - Identify the reactants, products, and basic functions
... The Krebs cycle is the central metabolic pathway in all aerobic organisms. This tutorial will help the learners understand the Krebs cycle. This tutorial will help students to understand that both the process of photosynthesis and cellular respiration use hydrogen ions and high-energy electrons to m ...
... The Krebs cycle is the central metabolic pathway in all aerobic organisms. This tutorial will help the learners understand the Krebs cycle. This tutorial will help students to understand that both the process of photosynthesis and cellular respiration use hydrogen ions and high-energy electrons to m ...
finalcarbohydrat met..
... B. It is activated by chloride ions (cl-). C. It acts on cooked starch and glycogen breaking α 1-4 bonds, converting them into maltose [a disaccharide containing two glucose molecules attached by α 1-4 linkage]. This bond is not attacked by -amylase. Because both starch and glycogen also contain 1-6 ...
... B. It is activated by chloride ions (cl-). C. It acts on cooked starch and glycogen breaking α 1-4 bonds, converting them into maltose [a disaccharide containing two glucose molecules attached by α 1-4 linkage]. This bond is not attacked by -amylase. Because both starch and glycogen also contain 1-6 ...
Citrate Cycle
... Key Concepts • The Citrate Cycle captures energy using redox reactions • Eight reactions of the Citrate Cycle • Key control points in the Citrate Cycle regulate metabolic flux ...
... Key Concepts • The Citrate Cycle captures energy using redox reactions • Eight reactions of the Citrate Cycle • Key control points in the Citrate Cycle regulate metabolic flux ...
Transcription Factor EB Controls Metabolic Flexibility during
... PGC1a. We have recently found that exercise leads to nuclear translocation of the helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factor EB (TFEB) (Medina et al., 2015), an important regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy (Sardiello et al., 2009; Settembre et al., 2011). Upregulation of TFEB ...
... PGC1a. We have recently found that exercise leads to nuclear translocation of the helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factor EB (TFEB) (Medina et al., 2015), an important regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy (Sardiello et al., 2009; Settembre et al., 2011). Upregulation of TFEB ...
Preview as PDF - Pearson Higher Education
... are transferred from glucose or other organic fuels to oxygen, releasing energy. Oxygen attracts electrons very strongly, and an electron loses potential energy when it moves to oxygen. If you burn a cube of sugar, this electron “fall” happens very rapidly, releasing energy in the form of heat and l ...
... are transferred from glucose or other organic fuels to oxygen, releasing energy. Oxygen attracts electrons very strongly, and an electron loses potential energy when it moves to oxygen. If you burn a cube of sugar, this electron “fall” happens very rapidly, releasing energy in the form of heat and l ...
Cell Biophysics II - Univerzita Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach
... Physiology in 18th – 19th Century Marie Jean Pierre Flourens (1794-1867) was a French physiologist, the founder of experimental brain science and a pioneer in anesthesia. Flourens pioneered the experimental method of carrying out localized lesions of the brain in living rabbits and pigeons and c ...
... Physiology in 18th – 19th Century Marie Jean Pierre Flourens (1794-1867) was a French physiologist, the founder of experimental brain science and a pioneer in anesthesia. Flourens pioneered the experimental method of carrying out localized lesions of the brain in living rabbits and pigeons and c ...
Citric acid cycle - Imperial College London
... acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usabl ...
... acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usabl ...
03Glycolysis
... - Glycolysis is about 100 times faster than oxidative-phosphorylation in the mitochondria in ATP production -In the exercising muscle a lot of NADH is produced from glycolysis and from citric acid that exceed the oxidative capacity of respiratory chain elevation of NADH/NAD+ ratio favoring the re ...
... - Glycolysis is about 100 times faster than oxidative-phosphorylation in the mitochondria in ATP production -In the exercising muscle a lot of NADH is produced from glycolysis and from citric acid that exceed the oxidative capacity of respiratory chain elevation of NADH/NAD+ ratio favoring the re ...
Gluconeogenesis: Objectives
... i. Gluconeogenesis occurs mainly in the liver (90%) and also in the kidneys c. What parts of the cell participate in gluconeogenesis? i. In the mitochondria and the cytoplasm d. Name the most common precursors for gluconeogenesis. i. Lactate from exercising muscle and red blood cells ii. The breakdo ...
... i. Gluconeogenesis occurs mainly in the liver (90%) and also in the kidneys c. What parts of the cell participate in gluconeogenesis? i. In the mitochondria and the cytoplasm d. Name the most common precursors for gluconeogenesis. i. Lactate from exercising muscle and red blood cells ii. The breakdo ...
S08 Glycolysis
... - Glycolysis is about 100 times faster than oxidative-phosphorylation in the mitochondria in ATP production -In the exercising muscle a lot of NADH is produced from glycolysis and from citric acid that exceed the oxidative capacity of respiratory chain elevation of NADH/NAD+ ratio favoring the re ...
... - Glycolysis is about 100 times faster than oxidative-phosphorylation in the mitochondria in ATP production -In the exercising muscle a lot of NADH is produced from glycolysis and from citric acid that exceed the oxidative capacity of respiratory chain elevation of NADH/NAD+ ratio favoring the re ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism
... B. It is activated by chloride ions (cl-). C. It acts on cooked starch and glycogen breaking α 1-4 bonds, converting them into maltose [a disaccharide containing two glucose molecules attached by α 1-4 linkage]. This bond is not attacked by -amylase. Because both starch and glycogen also contain 1-6 ...
... B. It is activated by chloride ions (cl-). C. It acts on cooked starch and glycogen breaking α 1-4 bonds, converting them into maltose [a disaccharide containing two glucose molecules attached by α 1-4 linkage]. This bond is not attacked by -amylase. Because both starch and glycogen also contain 1-6 ...
Export To Word
... NADH and FADH2 are produced. This Khan Academy video explains how the NADH And FADH2 that were made during glycolysis and the Kreb's Cycle are used to generate ATP through the electron transport chain. This animation shows the electron transport chain, which is a series of compounds that transfers e ...
... NADH and FADH2 are produced. This Khan Academy video explains how the NADH And FADH2 that were made during glycolysis and the Kreb's Cycle are used to generate ATP through the electron transport chain. This animation shows the electron transport chain, which is a series of compounds that transfers e ...
Glycolysis
... - Glycolysis is about 100 times faster than oxidative-phosphorylation in the mitochondria in ATP production -In the exercising muscle a lot of NADH is produced from glycolysis and from citric acid that exceed the oxidative capacity of respiratory chain elevation of NADH/NAD+ ratio favoring the re ...
... - Glycolysis is about 100 times faster than oxidative-phosphorylation in the mitochondria in ATP production -In the exercising muscle a lot of NADH is produced from glycolysis and from citric acid that exceed the oxidative capacity of respiratory chain elevation of NADH/NAD+ ratio favoring the re ...
Lipid Metabolism - Creighton Chemistry Webserver
... Oxidation of fatty acids - regulation Need to regulate so oxidation only occurs when the need for energy requires it 1. Rate-limiting rxn. - fatty acids entering mito. (acyltransferases) 2. Malonyl CoA (important molecule!!) 1st intermediate in biosynthesis of fatty acids increases when lots carbohy ...
... Oxidation of fatty acids - regulation Need to regulate so oxidation only occurs when the need for energy requires it 1. Rate-limiting rxn. - fatty acids entering mito. (acyltransferases) 2. Malonyl CoA (important molecule!!) 1st intermediate in biosynthesis of fatty acids increases when lots carbohy ...
Chapter 1
... • Fatty acids are degraded into 2-carbon fragments in a process called b-oxidation • Step 1 of b-oxidation : Activation • Steps 2 – 5 are a set of four reactions with a basic outline similar to the last four reactions of the citric acid cycle – Each pass through the cycle releases acetyl CoA and ret ...
... • Fatty acids are degraded into 2-carbon fragments in a process called b-oxidation • Step 1 of b-oxidation : Activation • Steps 2 – 5 are a set of four reactions with a basic outline similar to the last four reactions of the citric acid cycle – Each pass through the cycle releases acetyl CoA and ret ...
Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. The word mitochondrion comes from the Greek μίτος, mitos, i.e. ""thread"", and χονδρίον, chondrion, i.e. ""granule"" or ""grain-like"".Mitochondria range from 0.5 to 1.0 μm in diameter. A considerable variation can be seen in the structure and size of this organelle. Unless specifically stained, they are not visible. These structures are described as ""the powerhouse of the cell"" because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling, cellular differentiation, and cell death, as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth. Mitochondria have been implicated in several human diseases, including mitochondrial disorders, cardiac dysfunction, and heart failure. A recent University of California study including ten children diagnosed with severe autism suggests that autism may be correlated with mitochondrial defects as well.Several characteristics make mitochondria unique. The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism, tissue, and cell type. For instance, red blood cells have no mitochondria, whereas liver cells can have more than 2000. The organelle is composed of compartments that carry out specialized functions. These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, the intermembrane space, the inner membrane, and the cristae and matrix. Mitochondrial proteins vary depending on the tissue and the species. In humans, 615 distinct types of protein have been identified from cardiac mitochondria, whereas in rats, 940 proteins have been reported. The mitochondrial proteome is thought to be dynamically regulated. Although most of a cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus, the mitochondrion has its own independent genome. Further, its DNA shows substantial similarity to bacterial genomes.