Metabolism
... A substance is reduced when it gains one or more electrons Oxidation-reduction reactions are controlled by enzymes Antioxidants – compounds that donate electrons to oxidized compounds, putting them into a more reduced (stable) state Oxidized compounds tend to be highly reactive Vitamins E ...
... A substance is reduced when it gains one or more electrons Oxidation-reduction reactions are controlled by enzymes Antioxidants – compounds that donate electrons to oxidized compounds, putting them into a more reduced (stable) state Oxidized compounds tend to be highly reactive Vitamins E ...
Metabolic integration during the evolutionary origin of
... Although mitochondria provide eukaryotic cells with certain metabolic advantages, in other ways they may be disadvantageous. For example, mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species that damage both nucleocytoplasm and mitochondria, resulting in mutations, diseases, and aging. The relationship of m ...
... Although mitochondria provide eukaryotic cells with certain metabolic advantages, in other ways they may be disadvantageous. For example, mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species that damage both nucleocytoplasm and mitochondria, resulting in mutations, diseases, and aging. The relationship of m ...
Principles of Energy Harvest Redox reactions Oxidizing agent in
... Kreb’s Cycle: 2 ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation) Electron transport : 2 NADH (glycolysis) = 6ATP 2 NADH (acetyl CoA) = 6ATP 6 NADH (Kreb’s) = 18 ATP 2 FADH2 (Kreb’s) = 4 ATP 38 TOTAL ATP/glucose ...
... Kreb’s Cycle: 2 ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation) Electron transport : 2 NADH (glycolysis) = 6ATP 2 NADH (acetyl CoA) = 6ATP 6 NADH (Kreb’s) = 18 ATP 2 FADH2 (Kreb’s) = 4 ATP 38 TOTAL ATP/glucose ...
Cellular respiration occurs in three stages
... *If you remember one thing about the Kreb's cycle, remember each pyruvate yields 4 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 1 ATP * Double this number, for each glucose that's dropped into the process, the Krebs cycle makes 2 turns, one for each pyruvate ...
... *If you remember one thing about the Kreb's cycle, remember each pyruvate yields 4 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 1 ATP * Double this number, for each glucose that's dropped into the process, the Krebs cycle makes 2 turns, one for each pyruvate ...
Electron-Transport Chain and ATP production
... and then to cytochrome c. Protons are pumped. 3. Cytochrome c travels to the enzyme complex IV where the e- are transferred between proteins and then to O2 to form water. More protons are pumped. The H+ ions that have been pumped into the intermembrane space can only get back into the matrix through ...
... and then to cytochrome c. Protons are pumped. 3. Cytochrome c travels to the enzyme complex IV where the e- are transferred between proteins and then to O2 to form water. More protons are pumped. The H+ ions that have been pumped into the intermembrane space can only get back into the matrix through ...
Review 1-9 I - Gooch
... 6. Mitochondria - (powerhouse) Site of cellular respiration (ATP is created) Enclosed by a double membrane - the inner membrane has in folds called cristae. ...
... 6. Mitochondria - (powerhouse) Site of cellular respiration (ATP is created) Enclosed by a double membrane - the inner membrane has in folds called cristae. ...
File
... ATP is continuously made at the same time as it is being used up, so there is no need for humans to have a vast store of ATP Phosphorylation is an enzyme controlled process by which a phosphate group is added to a molecule Phosphorylation also occurs when the phosphate and energy are transferred fro ...
... ATP is continuously made at the same time as it is being used up, so there is no need for humans to have a vast store of ATP Phosphorylation is an enzyme controlled process by which a phosphate group is added to a molecule Phosphorylation also occurs when the phosphate and energy are transferred fro ...
Krebs Cycle - WordPress.com
... Cellular respiration is an example of a metabolic pathway It is a complex energy release process, controlled by enzymes, that breaks down the complex molecules one step at a time, releasing energy in small controlled amounts All of the reactions involved in cellular respiration can be grouped int ...
... Cellular respiration is an example of a metabolic pathway It is a complex energy release process, controlled by enzymes, that breaks down the complex molecules one step at a time, releasing energy in small controlled amounts All of the reactions involved in cellular respiration can be grouped int ...
Photosynthesis - Crestwood Local Schools
... The remaining 2C fragment (called an acetyl group) is attached to a coenzyme (coenzyme A) and forms acetyl-CoA. The acetyl-CoA gets either used in fat synthesis if there is enough ATP or it goes to be used in the Krebs Cycle to make more ATP. The Krebs Cycle: This is a repeating series of rxns that ...
... The remaining 2C fragment (called an acetyl group) is attached to a coenzyme (coenzyme A) and forms acetyl-CoA. The acetyl-CoA gets either used in fat synthesis if there is enough ATP or it goes to be used in the Krebs Cycle to make more ATP. The Krebs Cycle: This is a repeating series of rxns that ...
Oxidative Phosphorylation - Study in Universal Science College
... intermembrane space Complex I – k/as proton pump driven by the energy of electron transfer; where – protons move from one location (matrix which then becomes negatively charged) to the other (intermembrane space which becomes ...
... intermembrane space Complex I – k/as proton pump driven by the energy of electron transfer; where – protons move from one location (matrix which then becomes negatively charged) to the other (intermembrane space which becomes ...
Co-ordinated Synthesis of Membrane Phospholipids with the
... developmental systems studied, the rate of labelling of membrane phospholipids is enhanced in all major subcellular particulate fractions (nuclear, mitochondrial and microsomal) after hormone administration. The net accumulation of phospholipids, as well as protein and RNA, is most marked in the rou ...
... developmental systems studied, the rate of labelling of membrane phospholipids is enhanced in all major subcellular particulate fractions (nuclear, mitochondrial and microsomal) after hormone administration. The net accumulation of phospholipids, as well as protein and RNA, is most marked in the rou ...
AP Biology Study Guide
... Explain how redox reactions are involved in energy exchanges. Describe the role of NAD+ and the electron transport chain during respiration. Describe the cellular regions where glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain occur. Describe where pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl CoA, wha ...
... Explain how redox reactions are involved in energy exchanges. Describe the role of NAD+ and the electron transport chain during respiration. Describe the cellular regions where glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain occur. Describe where pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl CoA, wha ...
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
... Marshes, bogs, gut of animals, sewage treatment ponds ...
... Marshes, bogs, gut of animals, sewage treatment ponds ...
Cellular Respiration Chapter 9
... Occurs in the MATRIX of the mitochondria Pyruvic Acid from Glycolysis enters to form 1 ATP 3 NADH 1 FADH2 CO2 (which is released when we exhale!!) AKA….Citric Acid Cycle ...
... Occurs in the MATRIX of the mitochondria Pyruvic Acid from Glycolysis enters to form 1 ATP 3 NADH 1 FADH2 CO2 (which is released when we exhale!!) AKA….Citric Acid Cycle ...
Review Questions
... mitochondrial matrix d. energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase e. No external source of energy is required because the reaction is exergonic. ____ 17. Approximately what percentage of the energy of glucose ( ) is transferred to storage in ATP as a result of the complete oxidat ...
... mitochondrial matrix d. energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase e. No external source of energy is required because the reaction is exergonic. ____ 17. Approximately what percentage of the energy of glucose ( ) is transferred to storage in ATP as a result of the complete oxidat ...
Aerobic respiration
... Transport Chain • Occurs at the inner mitochondrial membrane. • This is the stage where most of the ATP is made! • NADH and FADH2 are oxidized to NAD+ and FAD+ • Electrons are released into the electron transport chain. • H+ is pumped into the intermembane space creating a concentration gradient. ...
... Transport Chain • Occurs at the inner mitochondrial membrane. • This is the stage where most of the ATP is made! • NADH and FADH2 are oxidized to NAD+ and FAD+ • Electrons are released into the electron transport chain. • H+ is pumped into the intermembane space creating a concentration gradient. ...
Practice Exam #2.1 - Montana State University Billings
... C. by connections to cholesterol D. by hydrophobic interactions E. proteins are not held in the plasma membrane and are free to leave the membrane at will 89. Which of the following does not occur during glycolysis? A. sugar splitting B. carbon dioxide release D. ATP production E. Glucose priming ...
... C. by connections to cholesterol D. by hydrophobic interactions E. proteins are not held in the plasma membrane and are free to leave the membrane at will 89. Which of the following does not occur during glycolysis? A. sugar splitting B. carbon dioxide release D. ATP production E. Glucose priming ...
Chapter 7 – How Cells Release Stored Energy
... ATP synthases NADH is shuttled down the e- carriers Oxygen is the final e- (H) acceptor forming H2O Proteins shuttle H+ across the membrane The greater the gradient the more potential E H+ are passed through ATP synthase which catalyzes the formation of about 34 ATP ...
... ATP synthases NADH is shuttled down the e- carriers Oxygen is the final e- (H) acceptor forming H2O Proteins shuttle H+ across the membrane The greater the gradient the more potential E H+ are passed through ATP synthase which catalyzes the formation of about 34 ATP ...
Mitochondrial dynamics and the cell cycle
... 2001; Yui et al., 2003; Kim and Kim, 2006; León et al., 2007). This disruption can affect the electron transport chain components including complex I and II, cytochrome C oxidase or the generation of ATP through mutations in the ATPase subunits. These studied CMS material have not been linked to cha ...
... 2001; Yui et al., 2003; Kim and Kim, 2006; León et al., 2007). This disruption can affect the electron transport chain components including complex I and II, cytochrome C oxidase or the generation of ATP through mutations in the ATPase subunits. These studied CMS material have not been linked to cha ...
BIO 101 Worksheet Metabolism and Cellular Respiration
... 1. _______ Oxidative phosphorylation involves the electron transport chain 2. _______ Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the cytoplasm 3. _______ Oxidative phosphorylation is an aerobic process 4. _______ Ca+2 ions are pumped into the mitochondrial matrix during electron transport 5. _______ Electr ...
... 1. _______ Oxidative phosphorylation involves the electron transport chain 2. _______ Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the cytoplasm 3. _______ Oxidative phosphorylation is an aerobic process 4. _______ Ca+2 ions are pumped into the mitochondrial matrix during electron transport 5. _______ Electr ...
Electron Transport Chain _ETC
... metabolic intermediates of these reactions donate electrons to specific coenzymes ( NAD+,FAD) and The reduced form of these coenzymes ( NADH,FADH2) can, in turn, each donate a pair of electrons to a specialized set of electron carriers, collectively called the electron transport chain, as electrons ...
... metabolic intermediates of these reactions donate electrons to specific coenzymes ( NAD+,FAD) and The reduced form of these coenzymes ( NADH,FADH2) can, in turn, each donate a pair of electrons to a specialized set of electron carriers, collectively called the electron transport chain, as electrons ...
PPT File
... the inner membrane of the mitochondria that each have a successively high attraction for electrons than the previous one. ...
... the inner membrane of the mitochondria that each have a successively high attraction for electrons than the previous one. ...
Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. The word mitochondrion comes from the Greek μίτος, mitos, i.e. ""thread"", and χονδρίον, chondrion, i.e. ""granule"" or ""grain-like"".Mitochondria range from 0.5 to 1.0 μm in diameter. A considerable variation can be seen in the structure and size of this organelle. Unless specifically stained, they are not visible. These structures are described as ""the powerhouse of the cell"" because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling, cellular differentiation, and cell death, as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth. Mitochondria have been implicated in several human diseases, including mitochondrial disorders, cardiac dysfunction, and heart failure. A recent University of California study including ten children diagnosed with severe autism suggests that autism may be correlated with mitochondrial defects as well.Several characteristics make mitochondria unique. The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism, tissue, and cell type. For instance, red blood cells have no mitochondria, whereas liver cells can have more than 2000. The organelle is composed of compartments that carry out specialized functions. These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, the intermembrane space, the inner membrane, and the cristae and matrix. Mitochondrial proteins vary depending on the tissue and the species. In humans, 615 distinct types of protein have been identified from cardiac mitochondria, whereas in rats, 940 proteins have been reported. The mitochondrial proteome is thought to be dynamically regulated. Although most of a cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus, the mitochondrion has its own independent genome. Further, its DNA shows substantial similarity to bacterial genomes.