IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSR-JRME)
... caused by atmospheric accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide and methane because of human activity. The European Commission Directorate-General for Agriculture & Rural Development (ECDGARD, 2008) further concur that, climate change is caused by high concentrations of greenhou ...
... caused by atmospheric accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide and methane because of human activity. The European Commission Directorate-General for Agriculture & Rural Development (ECDGARD, 2008) further concur that, climate change is caused by high concentrations of greenhou ...
English
... Women play an important role in climate change adaptation and mitigation because of their roles in core climate change sectors: agriculture, livestock management, energy, disaster risk reduction (DRR), forestry, water management and health (Dankelman, 2010; Denton, 2002). They make up two thirds of ...
... Women play an important role in climate change adaptation and mitigation because of their roles in core climate change sectors: agriculture, livestock management, energy, disaster risk reduction (DRR), forestry, water management and health (Dankelman, 2010; Denton, 2002). They make up two thirds of ...
Constructing Sea-Level Scenarios for Impact and Adaptation
... Figure 3: The estimated budget of the components of global mean sea level change (A), their sum (B) compared to the observed rate of rise (C). The blue (or upper) bar represents the 90% error range for 1961 to 2003 and the brown (or lower) bar, the 90% error range for 1993 to 2003. The difference be ...
... Figure 3: The estimated budget of the components of global mean sea level change (A), their sum (B) compared to the observed rate of rise (C). The blue (or upper) bar represents the 90% error range for 1961 to 2003 and the brown (or lower) bar, the 90% error range for 1993 to 2003. The difference be ...
3 Mapping Security Implications of Climate Change
... insufficient adaptive capacities and fragile or postconflict situations makes them particular vulnerable to climate change effects (see Carius et al. 2007). However, this does not mean that developed countries will not be impacted by climate change. Indeed, the challenge of environmental change affe ...
... insufficient adaptive capacities and fragile or postconflict situations makes them particular vulnerable to climate change effects (see Carius et al. 2007). However, this does not mean that developed countries will not be impacted by climate change. Indeed, the challenge of environmental change affe ...
Report on the Activities of the Working Group on Climate Change
... created a multinational assessment of changes in extremes and also created a draft Data Dictionary of a vast range of possible Indices, some of which are now incorporated in the IPCC Third Assessment (TAR). As a result, the TAR contains a markedly wider range of indices than did the Second Assessmen ...
... created a multinational assessment of changes in extremes and also created a draft Data Dictionary of a vast range of possible Indices, some of which are now incorporated in the IPCC Third Assessment (TAR). As a result, the TAR contains a markedly wider range of indices than did the Second Assessmen ...
McAdam - Climate Change Displacement
... first ‘official’ derivation was a UNEP report in 1985 by El-Hinnawi. He used the term ‘environmental refugee’ to highlight the potentially devastating impacts of unchecked development, pollution and so on.6 He did this in much the same way that environmental lobby groups today use the language of ‘c ...
... first ‘official’ derivation was a UNEP report in 1985 by El-Hinnawi. He used the term ‘environmental refugee’ to highlight the potentially devastating impacts of unchecked development, pollution and so on.6 He did this in much the same way that environmental lobby groups today use the language of ‘c ...
Past and recent changes in air and permafrost temperatures in
... © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: permafrost; East Siberia; climate warming; numerical modeling ...
... © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: permafrost; East Siberia; climate warming; numerical modeling ...
Safeguarding the Arctic - Center for American Progress
... handful of affordable policies through 2030—ranging from adopting better efficiency standards for vehicles and eliminating fossil-fuel subsidies to shutting down inefficient coal plants and investing in renewable energy. The IPCC and other experts estimate that implementing these policies would have ...
... handful of affordable policies through 2030—ranging from adopting better efficiency standards for vehicles and eliminating fossil-fuel subsidies to shutting down inefficient coal plants and investing in renewable energy. The IPCC and other experts estimate that implementing these policies would have ...
Report on the Activities of the Working Group on Climate
... created a multinational assessment of changes in extremes and also created a draft Data Dictionary of a vast range of possible Indices, some of which are now incorporated in the IPCC Third Assessment (TAR). As a result, the TAR contains a markedly wider range of indices than did the Second Assessmen ...
... created a multinational assessment of changes in extremes and also created a draft Data Dictionary of a vast range of possible Indices, some of which are now incorporated in the IPCC Third Assessment (TAR). As a result, the TAR contains a markedly wider range of indices than did the Second Assessmen ...
A New Approach to Climate Change: A Consideration of Ancillary
... social, and economic conditions has placed it as one of the most significant challenges of the 21st Century. Current warming of the Earth’s climate is at .8 degrees Celsius over pre-industrial levels, and without significant action within the next three decades, warming over 2 degrees Celsius is alm ...
... social, and economic conditions has placed it as one of the most significant challenges of the 21st Century. Current warming of the Earth’s climate is at .8 degrees Celsius over pre-industrial levels, and without significant action within the next three decades, warming over 2 degrees Celsius is alm ...
Military Expert Panel Report Sea Level Rise
... The United States military is the greatest globally-deployed military force in human history. That military force is present in 156 nations, and ready to advance U.S. interests, whether that be on a war-fighting or humanitarian mission. To do so, the U.S. military depends on essential services and i ...
... The United States military is the greatest globally-deployed military force in human history. That military force is present in 156 nations, and ready to advance U.S. interests, whether that be on a war-fighting or humanitarian mission. To do so, the U.S. military depends on essential services and i ...
Fluvial responses to climate and sea-level change
... Quaternary continental records, and alluvial strata represent an important component in most ancient continental interior and continental margin successions. Moreover, studies of the long-term dynamics of ¯uvial systems and their responses to external or `allogenic' controls, can play important role ...
... Quaternary continental records, and alluvial strata represent an important component in most ancient continental interior and continental margin successions. Moreover, studies of the long-term dynamics of ¯uvial systems and their responses to external or `allogenic' controls, can play important role ...
Coastal flooding and wetland loss in the 21st century: changes
... number of people affected will be offset or even reversed by improving flood management and protection. Such changes are happening without any consideration of sea-level rise and climate change—they have occurred through the 20th century (e.g., Nicholls, 2000) and are simply an adaptation to the pres ...
... number of people affected will be offset or even reversed by improving flood management and protection. Such changes are happening without any consideration of sea-level rise and climate change—they have occurred through the 20th century (e.g., Nicholls, 2000) and are simply an adaptation to the pres ...
Food security and adaptation in the context of potential CSA
... Conclusions- yield effects • Climatic shock variables significantly change the impacts of practices • Rainfall variability drives yield effects: In high variability areas… • Crop rotation has positive effects • Inorganic fertilizer & hybrids not effective ...
... Conclusions- yield effects • Climatic shock variables significantly change the impacts of practices • Rainfall variability drives yield effects: In high variability areas… • Crop rotation has positive effects • Inorganic fertilizer & hybrids not effective ...
Climate change-induced water stress and its
... it is not necessarily indicative of a recognisable trend, given natural variability, but is consistent with predictions for the future given climate change. The annual number of reported flood disasters in Europe increased considerably in 19732002. It is likely that land use change, river channel mo ...
... it is not necessarily indicative of a recognisable trend, given natural variability, but is consistent with predictions for the future given climate change. The annual number of reported flood disasters in Europe increased considerably in 19732002. It is likely that land use change, river channel mo ...
PDF
... locales, but it is highly uncertain how climate change will affect global food production and consumption; this uncertainty remains even as agriculture is the “sector with the best underlying data and the most extensive research (Nordhaus and Boyer, 2000).” This debate partly stems from countervaili ...
... locales, but it is highly uncertain how climate change will affect global food production and consumption; this uncertainty remains even as agriculture is the “sector with the best underlying data and the most extensive research (Nordhaus and Boyer, 2000).” This debate partly stems from countervaili ...
About this Sourcebook - Stockholm Environment Institute
... that weather is distinct from climate. Weather consists of the short-term (minutes to about 15 days) variations of the atmosphere. Climate, on the other hand, is defined as weather averaged over long periods and consists of patterns such as the frequency and intensity of storms, cold outbreaks, and ...
... that weather is distinct from climate. Weather consists of the short-term (minutes to about 15 days) variations of the atmosphere. Climate, on the other hand, is defined as weather averaged over long periods and consists of patterns such as the frequency and intensity of storms, cold outbreaks, and ...
Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation in the Land Use Sector
... for the values/outcomes, and I is an interaction term being zero for the additive synergy case. The second type, the non-additive synergy, is of three main categories: superadditive (I [ 0 in Eq. 1), subadditive (I \ 0 in Eq. 1), and isolated synergies (I depends on the specific set of x’s considere ...
... for the values/outcomes, and I is an interaction term being zero for the additive synergy case. The second type, the non-additive synergy, is of three main categories: superadditive (I [ 0 in Eq. 1), subadditive (I \ 0 in Eq. 1), and isolated synergies (I depends on the specific set of x’s considere ...
americans` attitudes about science and technology
... effortful processing of the information that people might encounter in the news media, online, or by way of other sources. This greater level of elaboration in turn can lead to a deeper and more s ...
... effortful processing of the information that people might encounter in the news media, online, or by way of other sources. This greater level of elaboration in turn can lead to a deeper and more s ...
Demographics and Climate Change: Future Trends And their Policy
... Thailand and Turkey likely also to undergo a migration transition in the coming decades. In turn, countries elsewhere, such as Ghana, have moved in the other direction over the second half of the 20th century, becoming net countries of emigration as economic and political events led to expulsions o ...
... Thailand and Turkey likely also to undergo a migration transition in the coming decades. In turn, countries elsewhere, such as Ghana, have moved in the other direction over the second half of the 20th century, becoming net countries of emigration as economic and political events led to expulsions o ...
The Oxford Principles | SpringerLink
... 6 The function of the Oxford Principles It is immediately obvious that the Oxford Principles are high-level and abstract. They should be regarded as akin to principles in the legal sense: as laying down the basic parameters for decision-making. Like legal principles, for example the principle of due ...
... 6 The function of the Oxford Principles It is immediately obvious that the Oxford Principles are high-level and abstract. They should be regarded as akin to principles in the legal sense: as laying down the basic parameters for decision-making. Like legal principles, for example the principle of due ...
climate change vulnerability of ski tourism in
... Despite the variety of adaptation options, snowmaking has become the primary remedy sought for easing the immediate impacts of climate change on snow cover and recovering snow reliability technically.35 In the Alps, artificially made snow coverage of ski slopes has reached 36% in Switzerland, 62% in ...
... Despite the variety of adaptation options, snowmaking has become the primary remedy sought for easing the immediate impacts of climate change on snow cover and recovering snow reliability technically.35 In the Alps, artificially made snow coverage of ski slopes has reached 36% in Switzerland, 62% in ...
ocean governance for the 21st century: making marine zoning
... analyzing the latest scientific evidence regarding ocean conditions. IPSO identified seven key concerns regarding the world’s oceans, including the facts that “[t]he speeds of many negative changes to the ocean are near to or are tracking the worst-case scenarios from IPCC and other predictions,”1 “ ...
... analyzing the latest scientific evidence regarding ocean conditions. IPSO identified seven key concerns regarding the world’s oceans, including the facts that “[t]he speeds of many negative changes to the ocean are near to or are tracking the worst-case scenarios from IPCC and other predictions,”1 “ ...
Heat in the Heartland - Union of Concerned Scientists
... living in the Midwest have already faced these changes during their lifetimes. We focused on the Midwest because it has many large population centers and is projected to see an increase in heat waves as the climate warms (O’Neill and Ebi 2009; Meehl and Tebaldi 2004). With its highly variable climat ...
... living in the Midwest have already faced these changes during their lifetimes. We focused on the Midwest because it has many large population centers and is projected to see an increase in heat waves as the climate warms (O’Neill and Ebi 2009; Meehl and Tebaldi 2004). With its highly variable climat ...
Some issues in uncertainty quantification and parameter tuning: a
... al., 2004), among others (Tierney and Mira, 1999; Haario et al., 2001). Grid search is a straightforward method to test the sensitivity of parameters by subdividing each parameter space into equally spaced intervals and evaluating uncertainty arising from those combinations. However, this method may ...
... al., 2004), among others (Tierney and Mira, 1999; Haario et al., 2001). Grid search is a straightforward method to test the sensitivity of parameters by subdividing each parameter space into equally spaced intervals and evaluating uncertainty arising from those combinations. However, this method may ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).