Research
Project
of
Gerard
Cowan
... 1.1: Introduction and Problem Definition The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports show a consensus within the scientific community that climate change is unavoidable. One of the biggest challenges posed by climate change will be the affect it has on the world’s hydrological cycle. De ...
... 1.1: Introduction and Problem Definition The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports show a consensus within the scientific community that climate change is unavoidable. One of the biggest challenges posed by climate change will be the affect it has on the world’s hydrological cycle. De ...
Climate Change and Switzerland 2050
... (CH2050) deals with these questions. The IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) 2001 and 2007 reports serve as the scientific basis. The research reports available today with their scientific data and facts prove what has been evident for years: With a probability of more than 90 per cent, ...
... (CH2050) deals with these questions. The IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) 2001 and 2007 reports serve as the scientific basis. The research reports available today with their scientific data and facts prove what has been evident for years: With a probability of more than 90 per cent, ...
The impact of climate change on the UK
... 1.18 Physical risks are also likely to become increasingly relevant to the asset side of insurance firm balance sheets, particularly for life insurers given the need to match assets to liabilities over the longer term. These physical risks can directly impact upon specific financial assets, such as ...
... 1.18 Physical risks are also likely to become increasingly relevant to the asset side of insurance firm balance sheets, particularly for life insurers given the need to match assets to liabilities over the longer term. These physical risks can directly impact upon specific financial assets, such as ...
Working paper: Preference Attainment: Why are some Countries
... fairly different across countries. A number of key political theorists have brought forward ideas about how strategic behavior may influence negotiation positions (Frieden, 1999; Moravcsik, 1997; Putnam, 1988). For the climate change case, Bailer and Weiler (2011) empirically show that strategic con ...
... fairly different across countries. A number of key political theorists have brought forward ideas about how strategic behavior may influence negotiation positions (Frieden, 1999; Moravcsik, 1997; Putnam, 1988). For the climate change case, Bailer and Weiler (2011) empirically show that strategic con ...
Quantifying Mineral Dust Mass Budgets:Terminology
... dust from regions activated by previous land use that are not significantly disturbed by ongoing activities (“long-term” or “passive” dust sources such as the exposed Aral Sea bed). For agricultural disturbance cycles, the natural timescale to divide short-term from long-term dust sources would be 1 ...
... dust from regions activated by previous land use that are not significantly disturbed by ongoing activities (“long-term” or “passive” dust sources such as the exposed Aral Sea bed). For agricultural disturbance cycles, the natural timescale to divide short-term from long-term dust sources would be 1 ...
Paleoclimate forcing by the solar De Vries/Suess cycle
... well as the pertinent peak in the Stei/Beer isotope record have powers giving 99 % confidence level against noise, in the SH series of Cook only 95 %. We note that the spectrum of the P (t) record shows 3 distinct peaks at ∼ 200 years. It would seem that this reflects the amplitude modulation AM of ...
... well as the pertinent peak in the Stei/Beer isotope record have powers giving 99 % confidence level against noise, in the SH series of Cook only 95 %. We note that the spectrum of the P (t) record shows 3 distinct peaks at ∼ 200 years. It would seem that this reflects the amplitude modulation AM of ...
Southern Africa Climate Change Framework
... The sub-region has been experiencing a warming trend over the past few decades. This is consistent with the global trend of temperature rise in the 1970s, 1980s and the 1990s. According to the IPCC, temperatures in the sub-region have risen by over 0.5°C over the last 100 years. Between 1950 and 20 ...
... The sub-region has been experiencing a warming trend over the past few decades. This is consistent with the global trend of temperature rise in the 1970s, 1980s and the 1990s. According to the IPCC, temperatures in the sub-region have risen by over 0.5°C over the last 100 years. Between 1950 and 20 ...
How will organic carbon stocks in mineral soils
... responses and do not consider the effect of actual land use distribution or changes in anthropogenic land use. Furthermore, Sim-CYCLE implements a single soil C pool module to simulate SOC dynamics (Ito, 2005). However, Jones et al. (2005) have shown that such a simplification leads to an overall hi ...
... responses and do not consider the effect of actual land use distribution or changes in anthropogenic land use. Furthermore, Sim-CYCLE implements a single soil C pool module to simulate SOC dynamics (Ito, 2005). However, Jones et al. (2005) have shown that such a simplification leads to an overall hi ...
Canada`s Marine Coasts in a Changing Climate – Chapter 5
... The environment and socio-economic characteristics of the northern coast are unique. Inhabited primarily by Indigenous populations living in small remote communities, Canada’s northern coastline is vast, representing more than 70% of all Canadian coasts. The presence of sea ice is a defining feature ...
... The environment and socio-economic characteristics of the northern coast are unique. Inhabited primarily by Indigenous populations living in small remote communities, Canada’s northern coastline is vast, representing more than 70% of all Canadian coasts. The presence of sea ice is a defining feature ...
PDF
... important determinant of corn yields. Smith’s methodology of looking for weather variables that are most highly correlated with yields has echoed through the literature for more than a century. While the statistical tools have become increasingly sophisticated, the rationalizatio ...
... important determinant of corn yields. Smith’s methodology of looking for weather variables that are most highly correlated with yields has echoed through the literature for more than a century. While the statistical tools have become increasingly sophisticated, the rationalizatio ...
Climate Projections for Metro Vancouver
... temperature and precipitation will play out locally, how expected changes may vary throughout the seasons, and about new climate extremes. Work has been completed by the Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium (PCIC) to understand the details of how our climate may change by the 2050s and 2080s. High-lev ...
... temperature and precipitation will play out locally, how expected changes may vary throughout the seasons, and about new climate extremes. Work has been completed by the Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium (PCIC) to understand the details of how our climate may change by the 2050s and 2080s. High-lev ...
announced their support - EDF Voices: People on the Planet
... promoting a cleaner energy mix including wind, nuclear, solar, energy efficiency, natural gas and clean coal. My administration will continue to actively seek ways to reduce the impact of climate change on our citizens and businesses.” ...
... promoting a cleaner energy mix including wind, nuclear, solar, energy efficiency, natural gas and clean coal. My administration will continue to actively seek ways to reduce the impact of climate change on our citizens and businesses.” ...
Sailing through Changing Oceans
... challenges we are facing today, that is the impact of climate changes and the preservation of biodiversity, the polar regions are of very particular scientific interest. The jeopardised future of the polar bear with the reduction in the extent of Arctic sea ice is already well known. Yet, with a reg ...
... challenges we are facing today, that is the impact of climate changes and the preservation of biodiversity, the polar regions are of very particular scientific interest. The jeopardised future of the polar bear with the reduction in the extent of Arctic sea ice is already well known. Yet, with a reg ...
Couplings Between Changes in the Climate System and
... cloud albedo (indirect cloud albedo effect) and reduces the precipitation efficiency (indirect cloud lifetime effect), both of which are likely to result in a reduction of the global, annual mean net radiation at the top of the atmosphere. However, these effects may be partly offset by evaporation o ...
... cloud albedo (indirect cloud albedo effect) and reduces the precipitation efficiency (indirect cloud lifetime effect), both of which are likely to result in a reduction of the global, annual mean net radiation at the top of the atmosphere. However, these effects may be partly offset by evaporation o ...
Misconceptions PowerPoint KB
... 3. Correlation between temperature and CO2 levels does not prove causation – anyway, CO2 is going up & temperatures falling! 4. Global warming just an unproven theory. ‘Science not settled’ 5. Many scientists disagree with the IPCC conclusions and anyway the IPCC is a political body. 6. Ice core dat ...
... 3. Correlation between temperature and CO2 levels does not prove causation – anyway, CO2 is going up & temperatures falling! 4. Global warming just an unproven theory. ‘Science not settled’ 5. Many scientists disagree with the IPCC conclusions and anyway the IPCC is a political body. 6. Ice core dat ...
climate change and water quality in the great lakes region
... Figure 2.1: Departures from the long-term mean for area-average mean temperature in oC, 1900-1994 for the United States........................................................................5 Figure 2-2: Departures from the 1961-1990 mean of area-average mean temperature (oC), 1900-1999 for souther ...
... Figure 2.1: Departures from the long-term mean for area-average mean temperature in oC, 1900-1994 for the United States........................................................................5 Figure 2-2: Departures from the 1961-1990 mean of area-average mean temperature (oC), 1900-1999 for souther ...
Climate Change Report (2016)
... the social cost to be $1,221 per acre of converted grassland in the APR region. These figures suggest that if the 96,081 acres of deeded grassland that APR has conserved to date through acquisition and Wild Sky Beef were cultivated, nearly 3.17 million t CO2 would be released at a social cost of $1 ...
... the social cost to be $1,221 per acre of converted grassland in the APR region. These figures suggest that if the 96,081 acres of deeded grassland that APR has conserved to date through acquisition and Wild Sky Beef were cultivated, nearly 3.17 million t CO2 would be released at a social cost of $1 ...
Climate Change Scenarios for the Congo Basin
... It is impossible to use all 77 climate change scenarios for the impact analyses so instead we used a rather representative subset of climate scenarios. Most of the assessments were based on six different global climate change scenarios; however for some studies like the analysis of the forest carbon ...
... It is impossible to use all 77 climate change scenarios for the impact analyses so instead we used a rather representative subset of climate scenarios. Most of the assessments were based on six different global climate change scenarios; however for some studies like the analysis of the forest carbon ...
Couplings Between Changes in the Climate System
... cloud albedo (indirect cloud albedo effect) and reduces the precipitation efficiency (indirect cloud lifetime effect), both of which are likely to result in a reduction of the global, annual mean net radiation at the top of the atmosphere. However, these effects may be partly offset by evaporation o ...
... cloud albedo (indirect cloud albedo effect) and reduces the precipitation efficiency (indirect cloud lifetime effect), both of which are likely to result in a reduction of the global, annual mean net radiation at the top of the atmosphere. However, these effects may be partly offset by evaporation o ...
What are the main money instruments used by the CDM?
... prepared must be prepare as it provide valuable for applicable stakeholders including investors, the CDMEB and the DNA. Once the PDD has been completed the DNA approves the project for sustainability and designated operating entity validates the PDD. Finally the PDD with validation report and approv ...
... prepared must be prepare as it provide valuable for applicable stakeholders including investors, the CDMEB and the DNA. Once the PDD has been completed the DNA approves the project for sustainability and designated operating entity validates the PDD. Finally the PDD with validation report and approv ...
United Kingdom
... England trend from the Camborne (up to 2003) and Reading (2003 onwards) are given in Figure 2. Smedley et al., (20112), analysed the trend data from these sites and demonstrated that the year at which total ozone stopped decreasing over the UK was 1993, by which time statistically significant reduct ...
... England trend from the Camborne (up to 2003) and Reading (2003 onwards) are given in Figure 2. Smedley et al., (20112), analysed the trend data from these sites and demonstrated that the year at which total ozone stopped decreasing over the UK was 1993, by which time statistically significant reduct ...
canadian parks and protected areas
... by 1.5°C (Environment Canada 2012a). Warming has been greatest in the north, with increases of 2.5°C in the Mackenzie District during this period. Warming has been least in Atlantic Canada with an overall increase of 0.7°C. No significant cooling trend has occurred at any location in any season, and ...
... by 1.5°C (Environment Canada 2012a). Warming has been greatest in the north, with increases of 2.5°C in the Mackenzie District during this period. Warming has been least in Atlantic Canada with an overall increase of 0.7°C. No significant cooling trend has occurred at any location in any season, and ...
An Inter-Comparison of the Holiday Climate Index (HCI) and the
... spending [29,30]. The latest assessment report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded that, “after 2050, tourism activity is projected to decrease in Southern Europe (low confidence) and increase in Northern and Continental Europe (medium confidence)” [31]. Moreover, the r ...
... spending [29,30]. The latest assessment report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded that, “after 2050, tourism activity is projected to decrease in Southern Europe (low confidence) and increase in Northern and Continental Europe (medium confidence)” [31]. Moreover, the r ...
3 Mapping Security Implications of Climate Change
... insufficient adaptive capacities and fragile or postconflict situations makes them particular vulnerable to climate change effects (see Carius et al. 2007). However, this does not mean that developed countries will not be impacted by climate change. Indeed, the challenge of environmental change affe ...
... insufficient adaptive capacities and fragile or postconflict situations makes them particular vulnerable to climate change effects (see Carius et al. 2007). However, this does not mean that developed countries will not be impacted by climate change. Indeed, the challenge of environmental change affe ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).