PowerPoint Template - Nigerian Meteorological Agency
... Definitions and Basic Concepts Climate is the average condition of weather in a place. It is expressed as the mean state described by temperature, wind, rainfall, sunshine etc. By the standard stipulated by WMO, the condition should be averaged over at least a 30-year period Climate Change as defin ...
... Definitions and Basic Concepts Climate is the average condition of weather in a place. It is expressed as the mean state described by temperature, wind, rainfall, sunshine etc. By the standard stipulated by WMO, the condition should be averaged over at least a 30-year period Climate Change as defin ...
A new feedback on climate change from the hydrological cycle
... is usually regarded as transient, unlike other processes called climate feedbacks, such as those involving water vapour, clouds and surface albedo [Soden and Held, 2006]. Ocean heat uptake retards global climate change, but if the forcing is stabilised and the system is allowed to approach a steady ...
... is usually regarded as transient, unlike other processes called climate feedbacks, such as those involving water vapour, clouds and surface albedo [Soden and Held, 2006]. Ocean heat uptake retards global climate change, but if the forcing is stabilised and the system is allowed to approach a steady ...
Continental heat gain in the global climate system
... 3. Discussion and Conclusions [8] Table 2 indicates an integrated heat flux into the ground at least an order of magnitude smaller than the warming of the oceans, but on the same order of magnitude as observed within the atmosphere and various parts of the cryosphere during the latter half of the 20 ...
... 3. Discussion and Conclusions [8] Table 2 indicates an integrated heat flux into the ground at least an order of magnitude smaller than the warming of the oceans, but on the same order of magnitude as observed within the atmosphere and various parts of the cryosphere during the latter half of the 20 ...
Lecture 12 The Carbon Cycle and Climate Change
... Water and carbon dioxide are the by-products. ...
... Water and carbon dioxide are the by-products. ...
Expected impacts of climate change on extreme climate events
... drought episodes. The shift of the PDF will have also the reverse effect on the occurrence and intensity of cold days and intense precipitation. However, these results might be different when climate change is accompanied by a change of the shape of the PDF. This change has been observed in the rece ...
... drought episodes. The shift of the PDF will have also the reverse effect on the occurrence and intensity of cold days and intense precipitation. However, these results might be different when climate change is accompanied by a change of the shape of the PDF. This change has been observed in the rece ...
The Role of Landscape Processes within the Climate System
... For example, Post et al. (2000) shows wet soil changes from wilting to field capacity can decrease surface albedo by up to 15%. Using NDVI datasets and a seasonal simulation using a coupled modeling system, Matsui et al. (2003) showed that soil moisture and evaporative fraction appear to be directly ...
... For example, Post et al. (2000) shows wet soil changes from wilting to field capacity can decrease surface albedo by up to 15%. Using NDVI datasets and a seasonal simulation using a coupled modeling system, Matsui et al. (2003) showed that soil moisture and evaporative fraction appear to be directly ...
PDF
... assumption of the Ricardian Approach is that if growing rice is more profitable than growing wheat, and if the climate becomes more suitable for rice than wheat, then those farmers will adapt to the changed climate by drawing on the experiences of rice farmers elsewhere and switching from wheat to r ...
... assumption of the Ricardian Approach is that if growing rice is more profitable than growing wheat, and if the climate becomes more suitable for rice than wheat, then those farmers will adapt to the changed climate by drawing on the experiences of rice farmers elsewhere and switching from wheat to r ...
Asynchronous exposure to global warming: freshwater resources and terrestrial ecosystems
... pattern-scaling approach to allow for analysis of impacts under different levels of 1Tg while accounting for differences among GCMs. The principle of pattern-scaling is to calculate scaling coefficients that statistically link local changes in climate variables to 1Tg , global fields of which can be ...
... pattern-scaling approach to allow for analysis of impacts under different levels of 1Tg while accounting for differences among GCMs. The principle of pattern-scaling is to calculate scaling coefficients that statistically link local changes in climate variables to 1Tg , global fields of which can be ...
Communicating Uncertainty PPT Slides
... new way we haven’t yet defined.. With a low-probability, high impact event like this.. if there is a 1% chance that Pakistani nuclear scientists are helping Al Qaeda build or develop a nuclear weapon, we have to treat it as a certainty in terms of ...
... new way we haven’t yet defined.. With a low-probability, high impact event like this.. if there is a 1% chance that Pakistani nuclear scientists are helping Al Qaeda build or develop a nuclear weapon, we have to treat it as a certainty in terms of ...
Summary for Policymakers - Climate Change Reconsidered
... Many scientists, policymakers, and engaged citizens have become concerned over the possibility that man-made greenhouse gas emissions, in particular carbon dioxide (CO2), may be causing dangerous climate change. A primary reason for this public alarm is a series of reports issued by the United Natio ...
... Many scientists, policymakers, and engaged citizens have become concerned over the possibility that man-made greenhouse gas emissions, in particular carbon dioxide (CO2), may be causing dangerous climate change. A primary reason for this public alarm is a series of reports issued by the United Natio ...
Global Warming, Sea Level Rise and Beach Nourishment
... Impact of Global Warming and Sea Level Rise There is widespread agreement among scientists that global warming is causing a rise of sea level due primarily to the melting of continental ice packs (or glaciers). While the mechanisms behind global warming are complex and multifaceted, the root cause i ...
... Impact of Global Warming and Sea Level Rise There is widespread agreement among scientists that global warming is causing a rise of sea level due primarily to the melting of continental ice packs (or glaciers). While the mechanisms behind global warming are complex and multifaceted, the root cause i ...
Communication of V&A in national communications
... areas. Information should include key findings, and direct and indirect effects arising from climate change, allowing for an integrated analysis of the country’s vulnerability to climate change. 35. Non-Annex I Parties are encouraged to provide information on and, to the extent possible, an evaluati ...
... areas. Information should include key findings, and direct and indirect effects arising from climate change, allowing for an integrated analysis of the country’s vulnerability to climate change. 35. Non-Annex I Parties are encouraged to provide information on and, to the extent possible, an evaluati ...
environmental science & services - level 1
... All the significant changes that have occurred in the CO2 concentration have been associated with a significant change in temperature. ...
... All the significant changes that have occurred in the CO2 concentration have been associated with a significant change in temperature. ...
The science of climate change - Australian Academy of Science
... prepared by a broadly-based Working Group of Australian climate scientists with review and guidance provided by an Oversight Committee composed of Academy Fellows and the former Chair of the Academy’s National Committee for Earth System Science. Along with its sister Academies, the Australian Academ ...
... prepared by a broadly-based Working Group of Australian climate scientists with review and guidance provided by an Oversight Committee composed of Academy Fellows and the former Chair of the Academy’s National Committee for Earth System Science. Along with its sister Academies, the Australian Academ ...
Stop delaying progress in climate talks, developing countries tell
... Group also found that developed countries were shifting the responsibilities for meeting the costs of adaptation to developing countries by asking for the mainstreaming of adaptation into their development. Further, promises are being made of unspecified amounts of money to a sub-set of developing c ...
... Group also found that developed countries were shifting the responsibilities for meeting the costs of adaptation to developing countries by asking for the mainstreaming of adaptation into their development. Further, promises are being made of unspecified amounts of money to a sub-set of developing c ...
Climate modeling at various spatial and temporal scales: where can
... General Circulation Models (GCMs) are essentially weather-forecasting models which operate at lower spatial resolution in order to integrate the governing equations much further ahead in time (years to decades as opposed to days for forecast models). They attempt to incorporate as many elements of t ...
... General Circulation Models (GCMs) are essentially weather-forecasting models which operate at lower spatial resolution in order to integrate the governing equations much further ahead in time (years to decades as opposed to days for forecast models). They attempt to incorporate as many elements of t ...
Title to be defined
... The booklet is broken into multiple sections around climate science, climate policy, ecosystems and human security. Each section includes links to further information and keywords to facilitate easier searching. The climate science section provides an overview of the key facts around climate science ...
... The booklet is broken into multiple sections around climate science, climate policy, ecosystems and human security. Each section includes links to further information and keywords to facilitate easier searching. The climate science section provides an overview of the key facts around climate science ...
Science and policy characteristics of the Paris Agreement
... up by the G8 in 20094. The gradual adoption of specific warming limits by political bodies can be linked to the evolution of the underlying scientific basis. Although not comprehensive, progress in the understanding of climate impacts and their relation to GMT increase might be best illustrated by t ...
... up by the G8 in 20094. The gradual adoption of specific warming limits by political bodies can be linked to the evolution of the underlying scientific basis. Although not comprehensive, progress in the understanding of climate impacts and their relation to GMT increase might be best illustrated by t ...
Climate change and thresholds of biome shifts in - mtc
... projections from global and regional climate models and different levels of CO2 fertilization effect under the SRES A2 scenario (2070–2099). The results indicate that tropical forests might be replaced by seasonal forests or savanna over eastern Amazonia with temperature increases of 2–3°C (4–5°C), ...
... projections from global and regional climate models and different levels of CO2 fertilization effect under the SRES A2 scenario (2070–2099). The results indicate that tropical forests might be replaced by seasonal forests or savanna over eastern Amazonia with temperature increases of 2–3°C (4–5°C), ...
Fish Decline, Caused by Global Warming, May Leave Many Hungry
... changes caused by climate change (21). Deforestation and shifting temperature patterns are making the Amazon region drier and hotter. Since the mid-1970s, all tropical rainforest regions have experienced a strong warming at the mean rate of 0.26 + 0.05°C per decade, in synchrony with a global rise i ...
... changes caused by climate change (21). Deforestation and shifting temperature patterns are making the Amazon region drier and hotter. Since the mid-1970s, all tropical rainforest regions have experienced a strong warming at the mean rate of 0.26 + 0.05°C per decade, in synchrony with a global rise i ...
Slide 1
... • Despite our opposition to climate alarmism and assumptions on CO2 and global temperature, we understand that the ongoing deforestation of the Amazon rain forest may have significant impacts in the regional climate system. It is also our understanding that alternative sources of energy should be pr ...
... • Despite our opposition to climate alarmism and assumptions on CO2 and global temperature, we understand that the ongoing deforestation of the Amazon rain forest may have significant impacts in the regional climate system. It is also our understanding that alternative sources of energy should be pr ...
Presentation
... States, Cities and Climate Change States not so smart because of sovereignty States not so smart because of lack of legally binding rules States not so smart because international climate change rules cannot be enforced properly…. ...
... States, Cities and Climate Change States not so smart because of sovereignty States not so smart because of lack of legally binding rules States not so smart because international climate change rules cannot be enforced properly…. ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).