NATURAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND GLOBAL WARMING
... increased through the Holocene. The rapid warming of the late 20th century is unrelated to this forcing; rather, the rate, seasonal pattern, and geographic extent of recent changes all point to greenhouse gases as the primary cause. Paleoclimate research can thus help to differentiate the cause and ...
... increased through the Holocene. The rapid warming of the late 20th century is unrelated to this forcing; rather, the rate, seasonal pattern, and geographic extent of recent changes all point to greenhouse gases as the primary cause. Paleoclimate research can thus help to differentiate the cause and ...
Attitudes toward global warming, climate change and
... „On a scale of 1 to 10, where 1 is don‟t believe at all and 10 is completely convinced, how convinced are you that climate change (or global warming) is actually happening?‟ This scale is analysed both as a dependent and an independent variable, in the latter case it is used as a predictor of other ...
... „On a scale of 1 to 10, where 1 is don‟t believe at all and 10 is completely convinced, how convinced are you that climate change (or global warming) is actually happening?‟ This scale is analysed both as a dependent and an independent variable, in the latter case it is used as a predictor of other ...
The Climate Information Portal
... CIP has been created to be very user friendly and easy to navigate. The level of user expertise across Africa is varied. For some the guidance text is sufficient. The guidance text allows for effective interpretation of the data and encourages users to ask relevant questions of the data, facilitatin ...
... CIP has been created to be very user friendly and easy to navigate. The level of user expertise across Africa is varied. For some the guidance text is sufficient. The guidance text allows for effective interpretation of the data and encourages users to ask relevant questions of the data, facilitatin ...
Role and functioning of national and sub
... France wishes to increase the share of renewables in gross final energy consumption to 23% by 2020 and to 32% by 2030. One interesting element is the objective of reducing the share of nuclear energy in the French electricity supply from 78% today to 50% by 2025. With regard to the aims of protectin ...
... France wishes to increase the share of renewables in gross final energy consumption to 23% by 2020 and to 32% by 2030. One interesting element is the objective of reducing the share of nuclear energy in the French electricity supply from 78% today to 50% by 2025. With regard to the aims of protectin ...
quantifying the impact of climate change on
... New ground-breaking scientific research in 2014 can now tell us just how much of an influence climate change has on a single heatwave or heat records. Climate change is increasing the intensity and frequency of many extreme weather events, with adverse impacts on Australians. Extreme heat is one the ...
... New ground-breaking scientific research in 2014 can now tell us just how much of an influence climate change has on a single heatwave or heat records. Climate change is increasing the intensity and frequency of many extreme weather events, with adverse impacts on Australians. Extreme heat is one the ...
Document
... • 1850: 285 ppm (Start of the Industrial Revolution) • 2009: 388 ppm • Over 450 ppm is tipping point (could set into motion large-scale climate changes for hundreds to thousands of years) ...
... • 1850: 285 ppm (Start of the Industrial Revolution) • 2009: 388 ppm • Over 450 ppm is tipping point (could set into motion large-scale climate changes for hundreds to thousands of years) ...
Climate Change Impacts on South American Rangelands
... South American rangelands include the Patagonian Steppe, the Monte, the Pampas, grass and savanna woodland known as “Llanos” or “Cerrado,” the open dry thorny woodlands called “Chaco,” and the dry thorn scrub named “Caatinga”2 (Fig. 1). Rangelands are associated with climates with pronounced dry sea ...
... South American rangelands include the Patagonian Steppe, the Monte, the Pampas, grass and savanna woodland known as “Llanos” or “Cerrado,” the open dry thorny woodlands called “Chaco,” and the dry thorn scrub named “Caatinga”2 (Fig. 1). Rangelands are associated with climates with pronounced dry sea ...
18 September 2008
... Sea-level rise and Australia In Australia, indigenous communities in the north of Australia and in the Torres Strait are particularly at risk as they have important social, economic and cultural connections and reliance on land and the sea. The Torres Strait Islands, scattered across 22,000 square ...
... Sea-level rise and Australia In Australia, indigenous communities in the north of Australia and in the Torres Strait are particularly at risk as they have important social, economic and cultural connections and reliance on land and the sea. The Torres Strait Islands, scattered across 22,000 square ...
PPT - United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
... uniform treatment of statistical issues across time and space. Comparability and coherence are important are particularly important where data is obtained from multiple sources and have to be combined or where outputs are used in a wide variety of contexts. ...
... uniform treatment of statistical issues across time and space. Comparability and coherence are important are particularly important where data is obtained from multiple sources and have to be combined or where outputs are used in a wide variety of contexts. ...
Climate of the Past
... 1001 AD). The forcing due to long-term changes in orbital parameters follows Berger (1978) and the observed evolution of greenhouse gases is imposed over the whole simulated period. Furthermore, the influence of sulphate aerosols due to anthropogenic activity is taken into account during the period ...
... 1001 AD). The forcing due to long-term changes in orbital parameters follows Berger (1978) and the observed evolution of greenhouse gases is imposed over the whole simulated period. Furthermore, the influence of sulphate aerosols due to anthropogenic activity is taken into account during the period ...
The Atmosphere_Ozone_Article (2)
... fluctuating ozone hole over Antarctica measures some 10 million square miles (25.9 million square kilometers)—larger than the area of North America. Thinning has been recorded over every continent. The elevated levels of ultraviolet radiation may already be harming wildlife and contributing to the i ...
... fluctuating ozone hole over Antarctica measures some 10 million square miles (25.9 million square kilometers)—larger than the area of North America. Thinning has been recorded over every continent. The elevated levels of ultraviolet radiation may already be harming wildlife and contributing to the i ...
exam1.candidate.questions
... 10. About what percentage of the Sun’s radiation is visible light? 11. About what fraction of the Sun’s energy that hits the Earth is absorbed at the surface? 12. What parts of the Earth have high albedo? What areas have low albedo? 13. What is a “blackbody?” 14. If the Kelvin temperature of a black ...
... 10. About what percentage of the Sun’s radiation is visible light? 11. About what fraction of the Sun’s energy that hits the Earth is absorbed at the surface? 12. What parts of the Earth have high albedo? What areas have low albedo? 13. What is a “blackbody?” 14. If the Kelvin temperature of a black ...
What the Framework Convention on Climate Change
... on the problem of global climate change—one that was just taking shape as a serious global problem around the same time that numerous research programs aimed at studying global governance were getting started in the early 1990s. Climate change is a good case for looking at whether theory and practic ...
... on the problem of global climate change—one that was just taking shape as a serious global problem around the same time that numerous research programs aimed at studying global governance were getting started in the early 1990s. Climate change is a good case for looking at whether theory and practic ...
Slide 1
... centennial timescales, and the human impact on climate are inherently probabilistic due to uncertainties in: initial conditions representation of key processes within models climatic forcing factors Reliable forecasts and estimates of climatic risk can only be made through ensemble integration ...
... centennial timescales, and the human impact on climate are inherently probabilistic due to uncertainties in: initial conditions representation of key processes within models climatic forcing factors Reliable forecasts and estimates of climatic risk can only be made through ensemble integration ...
03_MATCH_paper2_May17 - Modelling and assessment of
... diffusivity and OECD Annex 1 forcing uncertainty on warming from annex 1 countries due to CH4 A likelihood was estimated for the unperturbed case using agreement with observed warming. The prior probability for the OECD Annex 1 perturbations was also included. The fraction of warming attributable to ...
... diffusivity and OECD Annex 1 forcing uncertainty on warming from annex 1 countries due to CH4 A likelihood was estimated for the unperturbed case using agreement with observed warming. The prior probability for the OECD Annex 1 perturbations was also included. The fraction of warming attributable to ...
IOSR Journal of Mathematics (IOSR-JM) e-ISSN: 2278-5728, p-ISSN:
... humidity e.t.c. The increasing global consensus built on empirical evidence that the world is facing a threat from climate change has sustained the feeling and belief that many countries in tropical and sub-tropical regions are more vulnerable to the bizarre phenomenon. [1]. Nigeria is believed to b ...
... humidity e.t.c. The increasing global consensus built on empirical evidence that the world is facing a threat from climate change has sustained the feeling and belief that many countries in tropical and sub-tropical regions are more vulnerable to the bizarre phenomenon. [1]. Nigeria is believed to b ...
FAQ 8.1 | How Important Is Water Vapour to Climate Change?
... is controlled by temperature. A typical column of air extending from the surface to the stratosphere in polar regions may contain only a few kilograms of water vapour per square metre, while a similar column of air in the tropics may contain up to 70 kg. With every extra degree of air temperature, t ...
... is controlled by temperature. A typical column of air extending from the surface to the stratosphere in polar regions may contain only a few kilograms of water vapour per square metre, while a similar column of air in the tropics may contain up to 70 kg. With every extra degree of air temperature, t ...
Denali National Park and… Climate Change
... The future role of Denali’s forests as sources or as sinks is largely contested. An increase in tree growth due to a warmer climate could increase the amount of carbon sequestration from the atmosphere. However, an increase in forest fire frequency would release large amounts of previously-stored ca ...
... The future role of Denali’s forests as sources or as sinks is largely contested. An increase in tree growth due to a warmer climate could increase the amount of carbon sequestration from the atmosphere. However, an increase in forest fire frequency would release large amounts of previously-stored ca ...
Current and future climate of the Fiji Islands
... place year to year or decade to decade caused by phenomena such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. The natural variation in sea level can be seen in Figure 7 which includes the tide gauge record since 1972 and the satellite data since 1993. ...
... place year to year or decade to decade caused by phenomena such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. The natural variation in sea level can be seen in Figure 7 which includes the tide gauge record since 1972 and the satellite data since 1993. ...
Ocean-atmosphere interactions
... fingerprints, they have very different behavior in time. Fisheries scientist Steven Hare coined the term "Pacific Decadal Oscillation" (PDO) in 1996 while researching connections between Alaska salmon production cycles and Pacific climate (his dissertation topic with advisor Robert Francis). Two mai ...
... fingerprints, they have very different behavior in time. Fisheries scientist Steven Hare coined the term "Pacific Decadal Oscillation" (PDO) in 1996 while researching connections between Alaska salmon production cycles and Pacific climate (his dissertation topic with advisor Robert Francis). Two mai ...
NATS1311_112508_bw
... - surrounding air is heated This causes the overall surface temperature to be higher than if there were no atmosphere at all. ...
... - surrounding air is heated This causes the overall surface temperature to be higher than if there were no atmosphere at all. ...
Global water cycle and climate change
... the global sea level, because the atmosphere, the river systems, lakes, and soils are relatively insignificant for global water storage. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) circa 20,000 years ago so much water was bound in the form of ice in the inland ice sheets of the northern hemisphere that th ...
... the global sea level, because the atmosphere, the river systems, lakes, and soils are relatively insignificant for global water storage. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) circa 20,000 years ago so much water was bound in the form of ice in the inland ice sheets of the northern hemisphere that th ...
Managing the Climate Change Liability Risk Facing Greenhouse
... None of these cases progressed beyond that foundational point. There was never any discovery or judicial fact‐finding in any of these cases. Presuming further advancement is even possible, it will likely be met with an onslaught of additional obstacles. ...
... None of these cases progressed beyond that foundational point. There was never any discovery or judicial fact‐finding in any of these cases. Presuming further advancement is even possible, it will likely be met with an onslaught of additional obstacles. ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).