Climate Change and San Francisco Bay-Delta Tidal
... Climate change will affect tidal wetlands with higher rates of sea-level rise and higher concentrations of salt in brackish and freshwater tidal systems, in addition to causing increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration, warmer temperatures, and shifts in precipitation. In the San Francisco Bay–Delt ...
... Climate change will affect tidal wetlands with higher rates of sea-level rise and higher concentrations of salt in brackish and freshwater tidal systems, in addition to causing increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration, warmer temperatures, and shifts in precipitation. In the San Francisco Bay–Delt ...
Green day: a climate change activity kit for schools
... next year’s green day they will be working with other schools helping them to do the same. ...
... next year’s green day they will be working with other schools helping them to do the same. ...
Predicting range expansion of the map butterfly in Northern Europe
... into two subsets, for model calibration and model evaluation (for a review see Araújo et al. 2005a). Both of these approaches are likely to yield overly optimistic estimates of the model performance in new areas and time periods. Indeed there are very few instances where bioclimatic models have bee ...
... into two subsets, for model calibration and model evaluation (for a review see Araújo et al. 2005a). Both of these approaches are likely to yield overly optimistic estimates of the model performance in new areas and time periods. Indeed there are very few instances where bioclimatic models have bee ...
Climate Variability and Change with Implications for Transportation
... of atmospheric carbon dioxide used by the climate models to simulate these future scenarios is summarized in Figure 1. This figure reveals that the A1B and A2 scenarios are quite similar over the first half of the 21st century but diverge in the second half with the A1B scenario stabilizing at aroun ...
... of atmospheric carbon dioxide used by the climate models to simulate these future scenarios is summarized in Figure 1. This figure reveals that the A1B and A2 scenarios are quite similar over the first half of the 21st century but diverge in the second half with the A1B scenario stabilizing at aroun ...
Future Climate, Hydrology, Vegetation, and Wildfire Projections for
... on physical, chemical, and biological processes that form the earth’s climate system. These models vary in their level of detail and assumptions, making output and future scenarios variable. Differences among ...
... on physical, chemical, and biological processes that form the earth’s climate system. These models vary in their level of detail and assumptions, making output and future scenarios variable. Differences among ...
Tutorial: Microsoft Office Excel Basics
... The Standard Deviation of a set of data is a statistical measure of how widely the data varies, for example a very similar set of numbers would have a small standard deviation, whereas a very diverse set of numbers would have a large standard deviation. To highlight how important the standard deviat ...
... The Standard Deviation of a set of data is a statistical measure of how widely the data varies, for example a very similar set of numbers would have a small standard deviation, whereas a very diverse set of numbers would have a large standard deviation. To highlight how important the standard deviat ...
On the moral differences between mitigation and adaptation
... relevantinterests):they‘prohibittheinflictionofsufferingonothers’. 8 Positiveduties, ontheotherhand,aredutiestoaidorassistassuch:they‘involvefurtheringthewellͲ beingofothers’(Page2006,p.12)andaremoralobligationsonehassimplyonaccount ofbeinginaposit ...
... relevantinterests):they‘prohibittheinflictionofsufferingonothers’. 8 Positiveduties, ontheotherhand,aredutiestoaidorassistassuch:they‘involvefurtheringthewellͲ beingofothers’(Page2006,p.12)andaremoralobligationsonehassimplyonaccount ofbeinginaposit ...
Performance Benchmark E
... The greenhouse effect is an increase in the atmospheric temperature caused by water vapor, carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that absorb and retain heat radiation which would otherwise escape from Earth. Jean-Baptiste Fourier, a French scientist, speculated as to the possibility of the green ...
... The greenhouse effect is an increase in the atmospheric temperature caused by water vapor, carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that absorb and retain heat radiation which would otherwise escape from Earth. Jean-Baptiste Fourier, a French scientist, speculated as to the possibility of the green ...
31 Meaningful technology development and transfer: A
... Technology development and transfer, as intended in the Convention, goes well beyond R&D agreements as discussed in Toman’s chapter in this book – the Convention acknowledges that it is also about credible mechanisms that allow developing countries to ‘catch up’ technologically, to develop their own ...
... Technology development and transfer, as intended in the Convention, goes well beyond R&D agreements as discussed in Toman’s chapter in this book – the Convention acknowledges that it is also about credible mechanisms that allow developing countries to ‘catch up’ technologically, to develop their own ...
A comparison of local and aggregated climate model outputs with
... INTRODUCTION According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), global circulation models (GCM) are able to “reproduce features of the past climates and climate changes” (Randall et al., 2007, p. 601). Here we test whether this is indeed the case. We examine how well several model ou ...
... INTRODUCTION According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), global circulation models (GCM) are able to “reproduce features of the past climates and climate changes” (Randall et al., 2007, p. 601). Here we test whether this is indeed the case. We examine how well several model ou ...
No Slide Title - WWF
... Global warming potential (GWP) is a measure of how much a given mass of greenhouse gas contributes to global warming. It is a relative scale which compares that gas to the same mass of carbon dioxide. The GWP depends on the following factors: • the absorption of infrared radiation by a given species ...
... Global warming potential (GWP) is a measure of how much a given mass of greenhouse gas contributes to global warming. It is a relative scale which compares that gas to the same mass of carbon dioxide. The GWP depends on the following factors: • the absorption of infrared radiation by a given species ...
Climate Systems Regional Report: Southern Africa
... While the climate systems governing the weather conditions from season to season are generally the same, there are some variations due to changes in the various drivers of the climate, such as solar radiation and sea-surface temperatures, called forcings. These may result in usually hotter or cooler ...
... While the climate systems governing the weather conditions from season to season are generally the same, there are some variations due to changes in the various drivers of the climate, such as solar radiation and sea-surface temperatures, called forcings. These may result in usually hotter or cooler ...
Earth`s energy imbalance and implications
... is a powerful greenhouse gas. Other fast feedbacks include clouds, natural aerosols, snow cover and sea ice. “Slow feedbacks” may lag global temperature change by decades, centuries, millennia, or longer time scales. Studies of paleoclimate, Earth’s climate history, reveal that the principal slow fe ...
... is a powerful greenhouse gas. Other fast feedbacks include clouds, natural aerosols, snow cover and sea ice. “Slow feedbacks” may lag global temperature change by decades, centuries, millennia, or longer time scales. Studies of paleoclimate, Earth’s climate history, reveal that the principal slow fe ...
Proposal_Draft_1 - Laboratory of Tree
... annual nature of the growth rings combined with the long lives of these alpine plants make them an exceptional resource for acquiring high resolution dates for the retreat of glaciers in areas with a dearth of documentation on glacial retreat. The vast majority of research on shrub- and herb-chronol ...
... annual nature of the growth rings combined with the long lives of these alpine plants make them an exceptional resource for acquiring high resolution dates for the retreat of glaciers in areas with a dearth of documentation on glacial retreat. The vast majority of research on shrub- and herb-chronol ...
What to Do about Climate Change Executive Summary by Indur M. Goklany
... climate change to human health and environmental threats will generally be overshadowed by factors not related to climate change. Hence, climate change is unlikely to be the world’s most important environmental problem of the 21st century. Analysis using both the Stern Review and the fast-track asse ...
... climate change to human health and environmental threats will generally be overshadowed by factors not related to climate change. Hence, climate change is unlikely to be the world’s most important environmental problem of the 21st century. Analysis using both the Stern Review and the fast-track asse ...
Adaptation and mitigation: trade-offs in substance and methods Richard S.J. Tol *
... One cannot study the impacts of climate change without also studying, or at least making assumptions about, adaptation. Adaptation matters, reducing impacts in many cases, and frequently turning negative impacts positive; however, adaptation may also increase impacts, and turn positives into negativ ...
... One cannot study the impacts of climate change without also studying, or at least making assumptions about, adaptation. Adaptation matters, reducing impacts in many cases, and frequently turning negative impacts positive; however, adaptation may also increase impacts, and turn positives into negativ ...
Gendering climate change”
... consistent results, stating in their 2001-report that “there is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming… is attributable to human activities” (cited in Lambrou & Piana, 2006). ...
... consistent results, stating in their 2001-report that “there is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming… is attributable to human activities” (cited in Lambrou & Piana, 2006). ...
What controls polar stratospheric temperature trends?
... Antarctic summer trends in the lower stratosphere are driven changes in radiative cooling associated with ozone depletion and dynamical warming Lowermost stratospheric and upper tropospheric trends are driven by ...
... Antarctic summer trends in the lower stratosphere are driven changes in radiative cooling associated with ozone depletion and dynamical warming Lowermost stratospheric and upper tropospheric trends are driven by ...
the tambora project: an atmospheric simulation
... Climate change is one of the most challenging and controversial topics facing the world today. Climate models used to study this issue require full consideration of the complexity affecting the various components of the Earth's climatic system. In order to develop and improve these models, a better ...
... Climate change is one of the most challenging and controversial topics facing the world today. Climate models used to study this issue require full consideration of the complexity affecting the various components of the Earth's climatic system. In order to develop and improve these models, a better ...
EESUnit 3 with LEP
... course. “Weather” events happen every day and so data collecting, predicting, and patterning are easily modeled over time. Over the course of a students’ tenure in the North Carolina education system, weather and weather patterns are addressed several times. At the high school level, this unit serve ...
... course. “Weather” events happen every day and so data collecting, predicting, and patterning are easily modeled over time. Over the course of a students’ tenure in the North Carolina education system, weather and weather patterns are addressed several times. At the high school level, this unit serve ...
Long-term changes in environmental characteristics required by
... in distribution and dynamics of sagebrush communities add an overarching and potentially more significant stressor to these immediate influences. Total area covered by sagebrush is likely to decline both short- and long-term and range shifts are unlikely either across elevations or latitudes because ...
... in distribution and dynamics of sagebrush communities add an overarching and potentially more significant stressor to these immediate influences. Total area covered by sagebrush is likely to decline both short- and long-term and range shifts are unlikely either across elevations or latitudes because ...
Deliverable 2B.1
... Climate change may alter the competitive position of countries with respect, for example, to exports of agricultural products. This may result from yields increasing as a result of altered climate in one country, whilst being reduced in another. The altered competitive position may not only affect e ...
... Climate change may alter the competitive position of countries with respect, for example, to exports of agricultural products. This may result from yields increasing as a result of altered climate in one country, whilst being reduced in another. The altered competitive position may not only affect e ...
Planning for climate change impacts on hydropower in the Far North
... southern half of the state between 1980 and 2008, though few regions show any statistical significance. These authors also reviewed more than a dozen other studies on precipitation trend analyses in Alaska and showed that results are entirely dependent on the sites used and the period of time select ...
... southern half of the state between 1980 and 2008, though few regions show any statistical significance. These authors also reviewed more than a dozen other studies on precipitation trend analyses in Alaska and showed that results are entirely dependent on the sites used and the period of time select ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).