Increasing water cycle extremes in California and in relation to
... question posed is whether the state of California will experience more frequent drought conditions in upcoming years. The effects of global warming on the regional climate include a hotter and drier climate2,3, as well as earlier snowmelt4, both of which exacerbate drought conditions. An understandi ...
... question posed is whether the state of California will experience more frequent drought conditions in upcoming years. The effects of global warming on the regional climate include a hotter and drier climate2,3, as well as earlier snowmelt4, both of which exacerbate drought conditions. An understandi ...
Changing Climates, Fading Cultures: A Study of Place Annihilation
... traumatic, saying that the experience of watching the falls flood was “like a death, like a funeral, and they could not go through that again” (Knight, Rummel 2014). Indeed, cases like these describe the intense connections that cultures build on what they expect to be the one constant of their exis ...
... traumatic, saying that the experience of watching the falls flood was “like a death, like a funeral, and they could not go through that again” (Knight, Rummel 2014). Indeed, cases like these describe the intense connections that cultures build on what they expect to be the one constant of their exis ...
Pastoralism as a tool for mitigating climate change
... Archaeological evidence indicates that pastoralism in Africa developed about 6000 years ago in direct response to long-term climate change and variability, and spread throughout northern Africa as a means of coping with an increasingly unpredictable and arid climate3. Current climate changes are pre ...
... Archaeological evidence indicates that pastoralism in Africa developed about 6000 years ago in direct response to long-term climate change and variability, and spread throughout northern Africa as a means of coping with an increasingly unpredictable and arid climate3. Current climate changes are pre ...
Climate change adaptation: challenges and opportunities for a smart
... Up to now, major efforts have been addressed to promote mitigation strategies, capable to reduce GHG emissions, paying less attention to adaptation strategies, aimed at improving cities’ capability to deal with the impacts of climate change. In Europe, which is considered one of the world leader in ...
... Up to now, major efforts have been addressed to promote mitigation strategies, capable to reduce GHG emissions, paying less attention to adaptation strategies, aimed at improving cities’ capability to deal with the impacts of climate change. In Europe, which is considered one of the world leader in ...
Discourse analysis of media coverage of climate change
... Because of this scientific uncertainty, the problem from a journalistic perspective is to convey the potential for anthropogenic climate change in a credible fashion to an audience accustomed to expect news to deal with actual current events rather than possible future events. In order to analyze ho ...
... Because of this scientific uncertainty, the problem from a journalistic perspective is to convey the potential for anthropogenic climate change in a credible fashion to an audience accustomed to expect news to deal with actual current events rather than possible future events. In order to analyze ho ...
Enhancing the relevance of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways for
... et al. this issue; Kriegler et al. this issue; O’Neill et al. this issue; van Vuuren et al. 2011, this issue) may offer new opportunities to increase coherence between scenarios at different scales and expand their use in IAV studies. This broadening analytical frame should, in turn, provide fresh i ...
... et al. this issue; Kriegler et al. this issue; O’Neill et al. this issue; van Vuuren et al. 2011, this issue) may offer new opportunities to increase coherence between scenarios at different scales and expand their use in IAV studies. This broadening analytical frame should, in turn, provide fresh i ...
Climate change impacts on the livestock sector
... change are limited by data that are required to inform predictive modelling, although the climate signal is likely to increase the risk of exposure of livestock to a range of pathogens and parasites (some may decline). Climate matching techniques offer immediate returns in highlighting diseases of i ...
... change are limited by data that are required to inform predictive modelling, although the climate signal is likely to increase the risk of exposure of livestock to a range of pathogens and parasites (some may decline). Climate matching techniques offer immediate returns in highlighting diseases of i ...
spaces – science partnerships for the assessment of complex earth
... research programme SPACES (Science Partnerships for the Assessment of Complex Earth System Processes). The SPACES programme aims to implement scientific cooperation projects in the Southern African region that contribute to the formulation of science-based recommendations to policy-makers for Earth ...
... research programme SPACES (Science Partnerships for the Assessment of Complex Earth System Processes). The SPACES programme aims to implement scientific cooperation projects in the Southern African region that contribute to the formulation of science-based recommendations to policy-makers for Earth ...
ETC Market Intelligence Symposium 2006
... uncertainty. The session will present to participants a draft symposium statement as a contribution to the Copenhagen Process, outlining the needs of the sector as well as the role of the sector in a post-Kyoto emissions-regulated economy experiencing much greater economic, environmental and social ...
... uncertainty. The session will present to participants a draft symposium statement as a contribution to the Copenhagen Process, outlining the needs of the sector as well as the role of the sector in a post-Kyoto emissions-regulated economy experiencing much greater economic, environmental and social ...
Gaurnet Review - Garnaut Climate Change Review
... The ‘hot and dry’ scenario adopts a ‘business-as-usual’ approach to greenhouse gas emissions, therefore assuming the highest level of temperature increase, along with the greatest decline in rainfall and relative humidity. With this level of emissions mainland Australia experiences a 1°C temperature ...
... The ‘hot and dry’ scenario adopts a ‘business-as-usual’ approach to greenhouse gas emissions, therefore assuming the highest level of temperature increase, along with the greatest decline in rainfall and relative humidity. With this level of emissions mainland Australia experiences a 1°C temperature ...
Response of hydrological processes to land
... has altered water flows and resources in river basins (Chen et al., 2006; Rees and Collins, 2006). Current research into the effects of land-cover/climate changes on hydrological processes and water-related environmental services, and who are the winners and losers on different scales, is insufficie ...
... has altered water flows and resources in river basins (Chen et al., 2006; Rees and Collins, 2006). Current research into the effects of land-cover/climate changes on hydrological processes and water-related environmental services, and who are the winners and losers on different scales, is insufficie ...
perspectives on climate change - Canadian Institute of Planners
... Of the planners responding, 83% in 2011 and 82% in 2012 feel that humans “impact the advancement of climate change”. It should be noted that 25% (2012) and 30% (2011) of the respondents chose not to respond to this question. The discussions in the focus groups support the survey finding that planner ...
... Of the planners responding, 83% in 2011 and 82% in 2012 feel that humans “impact the advancement of climate change”. It should be noted that 25% (2012) and 30% (2011) of the respondents chose not to respond to this question. The discussions in the focus groups support the survey finding that planner ...
Of Montreal and Kyoto: A Tale of Two Protocols
... III. Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol Concern about GHGs has arisen in the same general period as concern about ozone-depleting chemicals. But there is an initial puzzle: in the two contexts, many of the major actors have reversed their positions. The best example is the United States, both the ...
... III. Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol Concern about GHGs has arisen in the same general period as concern about ozone-depleting chemicals. But there is an initial puzzle: in the two contexts, many of the major actors have reversed their positions. The best example is the United States, both the ...
Atmospheric and Oceanic Studies
... An exploration of current concerns about the greenhouse effect, acid rain, and global ozone loss, in a format accessible to non-science majors. The social and political steps being taken to limit global atmospheric pollution and climate change are discussed. Not for major credit. This course is offe ...
... An exploration of current concerns about the greenhouse effect, acid rain, and global ozone loss, in a format accessible to non-science majors. The social and political steps being taken to limit global atmospheric pollution and climate change are discussed. Not for major credit. This course is offe ...
“Africa is one of the most vulnerable continents to climate variability
... The purpose of this publication is to provide a condensed overview of the type of map overlays of areas sensitive and vulnerable to various kinds of risks, disasters and climaterelated impacts and content which will be provided in the electronic spatial database and information system. This publicat ...
... The purpose of this publication is to provide a condensed overview of the type of map overlays of areas sensitive and vulnerable to various kinds of risks, disasters and climaterelated impacts and content which will be provided in the electronic spatial database and information system. This publicat ...
Cirrus cloud radiative characteristics from continuous
... globally [1], but are mostly found in the tropical upper troposphere, where the temperature is very low [2]. These sub-visible cirrus clouds (SVC) have been investigated over several decades both from in-situ measurements through airborne probes [3] and through ground-based lidar profiling [1]. SV ...
... globally [1], but are mostly found in the tropical upper troposphere, where the temperature is very low [2]. These sub-visible cirrus clouds (SVC) have been investigated over several decades both from in-situ measurements through airborne probes [3] and through ground-based lidar profiling [1]. SV ...
Comparative biology of different plant pathogens to estimate effects
... scenarios (Anon. 2006). Arable cropping systems face new or increased threats from pests and diseases. Weather is the main environmental influence on plant diseases and affects disease distribution, although other factors such as changes to the host crop distribution, intensity of cropping and farmi ...
... scenarios (Anon. 2006). Arable cropping systems face new or increased threats from pests and diseases. Weather is the main environmental influence on plant diseases and affects disease distribution, although other factors such as changes to the host crop distribution, intensity of cropping and farmi ...
Analyses of the Effects of Global Change on Human Health and
... care systems, although certain populations are at increased risk. This chapter of SAP 4.6 updates the 2000 Health Sector Assessment. It also examines adaptation strategies that have been or are expected to be developed by the public health community in response to the challenges and opportunities po ...
... care systems, although certain populations are at increased risk. This chapter of SAP 4.6 updates the 2000 Health Sector Assessment. It also examines adaptation strategies that have been or are expected to be developed by the public health community in response to the challenges and opportunities po ...
INTEGRATING CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION INTO
... the feedback processes between them work to provide predictions about future climate patterns. These models depend on an understanding of physical processes and statistically determined relationships between multiple variables that influence the Earth’s climate system. General Circulation Models (GC ...
... the feedback processes between them work to provide predictions about future climate patterns. These models depend on an understanding of physical processes and statistically determined relationships between multiple variables that influence the Earth’s climate system. General Circulation Models (GC ...
Does climate change pose a threat or opportunity to Swedish business?
... 2005 and 2007, popularly referred to as Gudrun and Per, are still being undertaken. These examples indicate how Sweden, a modern welfare country, is fairly exposed to present variations in weather. On top of this lies the issue of inevitable climate change and rising global temperatures that are exp ...
... 2005 and 2007, popularly referred to as Gudrun and Per, are still being undertaken. These examples indicate how Sweden, a modern welfare country, is fairly exposed to present variations in weather. On top of this lies the issue of inevitable climate change and rising global temperatures that are exp ...
Monitoring Chemical Climate Change in America
... SO4/NH4/NH3/NO3/HNO3 Inorganic SO4 has low volatility & reacts readily with NH3 to form stable salts • (NH4)2SO4 : NH4/SO4 = 1.00 • (NH4)3H(SO4)2 : NH4/SO4 = 0.75 • (NH4)HSO4 : NH4/SO4 = 0.50 • H2SO4 : NH4/SO4 = 0.00 Ammonia-rich environment: NH4/SO4>1.00 (Seinfeld, Saxena,Tanner,etal.) ...
... SO4/NH4/NH3/NO3/HNO3 Inorganic SO4 has low volatility & reacts readily with NH3 to form stable salts • (NH4)2SO4 : NH4/SO4 = 1.00 • (NH4)3H(SO4)2 : NH4/SO4 = 0.75 • (NH4)HSO4 : NH4/SO4 = 0.50 • H2SO4 : NH4/SO4 = 0.00 Ammonia-rich environment: NH4/SO4>1.00 (Seinfeld, Saxena,Tanner,etal.) ...
Paris Agreement and Marrakech Climate Conference
... conference, countries published Intended NDCs for reducing global greenhouse gas emissions. This was a bottom-up approach, with the aim that aggregated contributions would add up to a 2oC limit on global temperature increases. However, the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) analysis ...
... conference, countries published Intended NDCs for reducing global greenhouse gas emissions. This was a bottom-up approach, with the aim that aggregated contributions would add up to a 2oC limit on global temperature increases. However, the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) analysis ...
How do human CO2 emissions compare to natural CO2 emissions?
... CO2 continuously so the additional load by humans is incredibly small. A small shift in the balance between oceans and air would cause a CO2 much more severe rise than anything we could produce.” (Jeff Id) Before the industrial revolution, the CO2 content in the air remained quite steady for thousan ...
... CO2 continuously so the additional load by humans is incredibly small. A small shift in the balance between oceans and air would cause a CO2 much more severe rise than anything we could produce.” (Jeff Id) Before the industrial revolution, the CO2 content in the air remained quite steady for thousan ...
Recent Climatology, Variability, and Trends in Global Surface Humidity
... provides the single largest positive feedback on surface temperature (Hansen et al. 1984) and is the main cause of increased precipitation at mid- and high latitudes in the model simulations. It is therefore vital to monitor changes in atmospheric water vapor content not only for detecting global wa ...
... provides the single largest positive feedback on surface temperature (Hansen et al. 1984) and is the main cause of increased precipitation at mid- and high latitudes in the model simulations. It is therefore vital to monitor changes in atmospheric water vapor content not only for detecting global wa ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).