Does climate adaptation policy need probabilities?
... There has been a growing discussion amongst climate change researchers, crosscutting all three Working Groups of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), about whether the likelihood of quantified amounts of climate change throughout the coming century can be estimated. This lively deba ...
... There has been a growing discussion amongst climate change researchers, crosscutting all three Working Groups of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), about whether the likelihood of quantified amounts of climate change throughout the coming century can be estimated. This lively deba ...
SID5 Form - Defra Science Search
... The executive summary must not exceed 2 sides in total of A4 and should be understandable to the intelligent non-scientist. It should cover the main objectives, methods and findings of the research, together with any other significant events and options for new work. The contract provided Secretaria ...
... The executive summary must not exceed 2 sides in total of A4 and should be understandable to the intelligent non-scientist. It should cover the main objectives, methods and findings of the research, together with any other significant events and options for new work. The contract provided Secretaria ...
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON WATER
... Many countries in Africa live under water stress, defined as those using more than 20 per cent of their renewable water resources (WBGU, 2003), while withdrawals of over 40 per cent mean serious water stress (Pittock, 2005). For example, reports show that water withdrawal in Nigeria during the 1990s ...
... Many countries in Africa live under water stress, defined as those using more than 20 per cent of their renewable water resources (WBGU, 2003), while withdrawals of over 40 per cent mean serious water stress (Pittock, 2005). For example, reports show that water withdrawal in Nigeria during the 1990s ...
the greater mekong and climate change
... Climate change is one of the defining issues of our time, and is set to radically transform the world in which we live. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions – from various sources including combustion of fossil fuels, forest destruction, and unsustainable agriculture practices – are causing the planet to ...
... Climate change is one of the defining issues of our time, and is set to radically transform the world in which we live. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions – from various sources including combustion of fossil fuels, forest destruction, and unsustainable agriculture practices – are causing the planet to ...
Gender perspectives on climate change
... According to Füssel (2010), who has written extensively on the matter, the two most wellknown interpretations of vulnerability are ‘contextual vulnerability’ (or starting-point interpretation see Figure 1b and Table 1) and ‘outcome vulnerability’ (or end-point interpretation see Figure 1a and Table ...
... According to Füssel (2010), who has written extensively on the matter, the two most wellknown interpretations of vulnerability are ‘contextual vulnerability’ (or starting-point interpretation see Figure 1b and Table 1) and ‘outcome vulnerability’ (or end-point interpretation see Figure 1a and Table ...
PDF
... The use of Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) models is well established in the literature, the intuition being, that a country abundant in a particular factor, say labour, will have a capitallabour ratio embodied in consumption that will exceed the capital-labour ratio embodied in production (Leamer 1980) ...
... The use of Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) models is well established in the literature, the intuition being, that a country abundant in a particular factor, say labour, will have a capitallabour ratio embodied in consumption that will exceed the capital-labour ratio embodied in production (Leamer 1980) ...
Regional breakdown for IPCC AR5 WGII
... change already being observed, as well as projected climate change impacts from Working Group 2 of the 5th Assessment Report (AR5) by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). It covers 7 regions across the globe: Africa, Asia, Australia & New Zealand, Europe, North America, Small Island ...
... change already being observed, as well as projected climate change impacts from Working Group 2 of the 5th Assessment Report (AR5) by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). It covers 7 regions across the globe: Africa, Asia, Australia & New Zealand, Europe, North America, Small Island ...
environmental_justice - Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy
... "natural" level of ice in the Arctic, even with a doubling of atmospheric CO2 levels. By increasing the shading to fifty percent, and the ice shelves grow. Further, the restoration happens fast. Within five years, the temperature would drop by almost two degrees, stabilizing the ice, saving the pola ...
... "natural" level of ice in the Arctic, even with a doubling of atmospheric CO2 levels. By increasing the shading to fifty percent, and the ice shelves grow. Further, the restoration happens fast. Within five years, the temperature would drop by almost two degrees, stabilizing the ice, saving the pola ...
doc
... models that offer a more complacent picture of climate costs for the United States. In this report, we begin by highlighting just a few categories of costs, which, if present trends continue, will add up to a bottom line of almost $1.9 trillion (in today’s dollars), or 1.8 percent of U.S. output per ...
... models that offer a more complacent picture of climate costs for the United States. In this report, we begin by highlighting just a few categories of costs, which, if present trends continue, will add up to a bottom line of almost $1.9 trillion (in today’s dollars), or 1.8 percent of U.S. output per ...
sustainable development: from community approaches to flood
... From CAFM to Climate Change Adaptation (contd.) Once the capacity of the communities are, thus, enhanced to manage floods or other natural disasters, a major step will have been achieved towards adaptation to climate change It will be necessary to incorporate climate risk assessments in the pr ...
... From CAFM to Climate Change Adaptation (contd.) Once the capacity of the communities are, thus, enhanced to manage floods or other natural disasters, a major step will have been achieved towards adaptation to climate change It will be necessary to incorporate climate risk assessments in the pr ...
Enhancement of the albedo of low stratus marine clouds
... from pre-industrial values, is estimated to be in the range of 2 to 4.5 C with 3 C being the most likely value [Meehl et al., 2007]. The release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere causes an imbalance in the radiative budget of the planet. Such imbalance, natural or anthropogenic is referred to ...
... from pre-industrial values, is estimated to be in the range of 2 to 4.5 C with 3 C being the most likely value [Meehl et al., 2007]. The release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere causes an imbalance in the radiative budget of the planet. Such imbalance, natural or anthropogenic is referred to ...
PDF
... cumulated loss world GDP in 2100, the 400 ppm cap a 2.5% loss. Second, despite differences in the orders of magnitude, all models agree on the qualitative message that policy costs are lim ...
... cumulated loss world GDP in 2100, the 400 ppm cap a 2.5% loss. Second, despite differences in the orders of magnitude, all models agree on the qualitative message that policy costs are lim ...
climate changes and adaptation policies in the baltic and the adriatic
... *** Source: adapted from Figure TS-23.b in the Working Group I contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change (IPCC). Data was supplied by Mark Carson (ZMAW, Germany), contributing author to Chapter 13 of that IPCC report. **** The multiplication factor ...
... *** Source: adapted from Figure TS-23.b in the Working Group I contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change (IPCC). Data was supplied by Mark Carson (ZMAW, Germany), contributing author to Chapter 13 of that IPCC report. **** The multiplication factor ...
Stakeholder perceptions
... stakeholders, is developing guidelines to assist forest managers to effectively respond to climate change challenges and opportunities. These guidelines will include actions related to both climate change adaptation and mitigation and will be relevant to all types of forests, all management objectiv ...
... stakeholders, is developing guidelines to assist forest managers to effectively respond to climate change challenges and opportunities. These guidelines will include actions related to both climate change adaptation and mitigation and will be relevant to all types of forests, all management objectiv ...
Growing Together in a Changing Climate
... Rio Earth Summit in 1992, and their actions have resulted in widespread media coverage and the mobilization of thousands of their peers. It is estimated that 200 young people participated at the Conference of the Parties (COP) at its thirteenth session held in Bali in December 2007, 500 at COP 14 in ...
... Rio Earth Summit in 1992, and their actions have resulted in widespread media coverage and the mobilization of thousands of their peers. It is estimated that 200 young people participated at the Conference of the Parties (COP) at its thirteenth session held in Bali in December 2007, 500 at COP 14 in ...
Pdf - Global Coral Bleaching
... What is the connection between bleaching and climate change? Coral bleaching is one of the most ...
... What is the connection between bleaching and climate change? Coral bleaching is one of the most ...
Nooksack Indian Tribe: Rivers and Glaciers - UO Blogs
... Their homeland extends throughout the Nooksack River watershed. This area includes an area from the Georgia Straight (Salish Sea) to Mount Baker (west to east) and from just over the border of British Columbia down to Skagit County, WA. Additionally, traditional use and management areas extended bey ...
... Their homeland extends throughout the Nooksack River watershed. This area includes an area from the Georgia Straight (Salish Sea) to Mount Baker (west to east) and from just over the border of British Columbia down to Skagit County, WA. Additionally, traditional use and management areas extended bey ...
PDF - ECC Platform Library
... within the region, this briefing focuses on the need and options for (diplomatic) cooperation on three geographical levels: transboundary river basin cooperation, regional cooperation and multilateral cooperation. Then the signs and impacts throughout the region - of climate change in particular - a ...
... within the region, this briefing focuses on the need and options for (diplomatic) cooperation on three geographical levels: transboundary river basin cooperation, regional cooperation and multilateral cooperation. Then the signs and impacts throughout the region - of climate change in particular - a ...
Socio-structural and psychological foundations of climate change
... about climate change are not limited to political figures or scientists. In the early 90s representative samples from six nations have rated “global warming or the greenhouse effect” as a very serious problem (Dunlap, 1998). More recent public opinion surveys have shown similar results (e.g., Euroba ...
... about climate change are not limited to political figures or scientists. In the early 90s representative samples from six nations have rated “global warming or the greenhouse effect” as a very serious problem (Dunlap, 1998). More recent public opinion surveys have shown similar results (e.g., Euroba ...
Fact sheets of the international experiences on the formulation and
... developed and consensus‐based seasonal climate outlooks and related information on a regional scale. There is a similar forum for ASEAN Member States at the Meteorological Service Office in Singapore.[4] RCOF activities support both decision‐making on managing climate‐re ...
... developed and consensus‐based seasonal climate outlooks and related information on a regional scale. There is a similar forum for ASEAN Member States at the Meteorological Service Office in Singapore.[4] RCOF activities support both decision‐making on managing climate‐re ...
The ABCs of Governing the Himalayas inResponse to Glacial Melt
... mass.17 As Kang et al. summarize the causation: Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are generally considered as the main cause of the climate warming in the TP [Tibetan Plateau], and impacts there are probably more serious than the rest of the world. However, other confounding factors, such as ch ...
... mass.17 As Kang et al. summarize the causation: Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are generally considered as the main cause of the climate warming in the TP [Tibetan Plateau], and impacts there are probably more serious than the rest of the world. However, other confounding factors, such as ch ...
Chapter 2 Citizens` voices in environmental policy
... conflicting goals. For example, climate policy on the local and regional level is confronted with such uncertainty and ambiguity, and such policy has direct implications on everyday life and the lifestyle of citizens. Thus, involving ordinary citizens in the debate on climate change can be important ...
... conflicting goals. For example, climate policy on the local and regional level is confronted with such uncertainty and ambiguity, and such policy has direct implications on everyday life and the lifestyle of citizens. Thus, involving ordinary citizens in the debate on climate change can be important ...
The CC-Bio Project: Studying the Effects of Climate Change
... serious concern about our ability to manage biodiversity in the context of climate change. All over the world, biodiversity conservation largely rests on two complementary approaches that involve (1) identifying species at risk and taking actions to decrease extinction risks, and (2) protecting and ...
... serious concern about our ability to manage biodiversity in the context of climate change. All over the world, biodiversity conservation largely rests on two complementary approaches that involve (1) identifying species at risk and taking actions to decrease extinction risks, and (2) protecting and ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).