Forest insects and climate change: longterm
... decreased over the study period. There was no evidence of increased variability in damage. We conclude that species exhibiting a trend toward outbreak-level damage over a greater geographical area may be positively affected by changes in weather conditions coinciding with important life stages. Stro ...
... decreased over the study period. There was no evidence of increased variability in damage. We conclude that species exhibiting a trend toward outbreak-level damage over a greater geographical area may be positively affected by changes in weather conditions coinciding with important life stages. Stro ...
ADDENDUM: Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States AD
... Reducing U.S. emissions of carbon dioxide, even by over 80 percent, will have no measurable effect on global mean surface temperature or other climate-change-related phenomena within any policy-forseeable timeframe. This is true even if most developed economies achieve this reduction. The reason for ...
... Reducing U.S. emissions of carbon dioxide, even by over 80 percent, will have no measurable effect on global mean surface temperature or other climate-change-related phenomena within any policy-forseeable timeframe. This is true even if most developed economies achieve this reduction. The reason for ...
Operating in Limits: Defining an Australian
... the first time, the law opens up the possibility of a way to link short- and long-term emissions reduction targets to a scientifically robust ‘carbon budget’ for the nation. The development of this national carbon budget is now central to the deliberations of the Climate Change Authority (the Author ...
... the first time, the law opens up the possibility of a way to link short- and long-term emissions reduction targets to a scientifically robust ‘carbon budget’ for the nation. The development of this national carbon budget is now central to the deliberations of the Climate Change Authority (the Author ...
“The role of conflict for optimal climate and immigration policy
... argue that it is not entirely clear or even unlikely that this is going to happen. After all, most of the people heavily affected by sea level rise or desertification are living in poor developing countries that often lack the institutional developments or finances which tend to be a prerequisite fo ...
... argue that it is not entirely clear or even unlikely that this is going to happen. After all, most of the people heavily affected by sea level rise or desertification are living in poor developing countries that often lack the institutional developments or finances which tend to be a prerequisite fo ...
Physical Risks from Climate Change: A guide
... events are becoming more frequent and intense, that incremental climatic changes are already underway, and that the impacts of climate change are expected to grow more severe over the coming years and decades. The year 2011 set records for economic losses and insured losses caused by natural catastr ...
... events are becoming more frequent and intense, that incremental climatic changes are already underway, and that the impacts of climate change are expected to grow more severe over the coming years and decades. The year 2011 set records for economic losses and insured losses caused by natural catastr ...
PDF
... Engle (2011) makes an important distinction between characterizing adaptive capacity and measuring it. He highlights how most studies have focused on characterizing adaptive capacity, intended as assessments based on predetermined system attributes that are assumed to increase adaptive capacity. The ...
... Engle (2011) makes an important distinction between characterizing adaptive capacity and measuring it. He highlights how most studies have focused on characterizing adaptive capacity, intended as assessments based on predetermined system attributes that are assumed to increase adaptive capacity. The ...
The Availability Heuristic, Intuitive Cost
... In short, I suggest that cross-cultural differences in both risk perception and in precautions are produced, in large part, by availability, which operates in the context of social influences and intuitive attention to both costs and benefits. In the context of climate change, many Americans believe ...
... In short, I suggest that cross-cultural differences in both risk perception and in precautions are produced, in large part, by availability, which operates in the context of social influences and intuitive attention to both costs and benefits. In the context of climate change, many Americans believe ...
physical risks from climate change
... events are becoming more frequent and intense, that incremental climatic changes are already underway, and that the impacts of climate change are expected to grow more severe over the coming years and decades. The year 2011 set records for economic losses and insured losses caused by natural catastr ...
... events are becoming more frequent and intense, that incremental climatic changes are already underway, and that the impacts of climate change are expected to grow more severe over the coming years and decades. The year 2011 set records for economic losses and insured losses caused by natural catastr ...
With Speed and Violence Fred Pearce
... who first proposed that the West Antarctic ice sheet has an Achilles heel, and that a "major disaster" there may be imminent, Mercer also pioneered research on tropical glaciers. ...
... who first proposed that the West Antarctic ice sheet has an Achilles heel, and that a "major disaster" there may be imminent, Mercer also pioneered research on tropical glaciers. ...
Key Adaptation Concepts and Terms
... Adaptation Assessment - The practice of identifying options to adapt to climate change and evaluating them in terms of criteria such as availability, benefits, costs, effectiveness, efficiency, and feasibility.(IPCC TAR, 2001 a) The term ‘Adaptation Assessment’ while appearing to be clear on paper c ...
... Adaptation Assessment - The practice of identifying options to adapt to climate change and evaluating them in terms of criteria such as availability, benefits, costs, effectiveness, efficiency, and feasibility.(IPCC TAR, 2001 a) The term ‘Adaptation Assessment’ while appearing to be clear on paper c ...
A 5˚C Arctic in a 2˚C World
... encompasses all domains of the Arctic system and is seamlessly integrated into a global observing system is required. The system should be a hybrid to serve both the scientific community and a broader group of stakeholders including Arctic peoples. Elements of such an observing system are in place a ...
... encompasses all domains of the Arctic system and is seamlessly integrated into a global observing system is required. The system should be a hybrid to serve both the scientific community and a broader group of stakeholders including Arctic peoples. Elements of such an observing system are in place a ...
The Impact of Climate Change on Hurricane
... In order to model hurricanes, it is critical to recognize that they are rare events. An important component of expected hurricane damages is the frequency or probability (π) the hurricane will occur in each place. In this case, we are interested in the probability that a hurricane with particular ch ...
... In order to model hurricanes, it is critical to recognize that they are rare events. An important component of expected hurricane damages is the frequency or probability (π) the hurricane will occur in each place. In this case, we are interested in the probability that a hurricane with particular ch ...
E1AH_Sample_Answers_Quiz_2
... and disagree on certain points; agreeing that the people of the world need to band together to fight climate change, but disagreeing on the specific methods of actually fighting it. As a denizen of high-tech Silicon Valley, I would disagree with Martinez’s point of view on the subject – technology i ...
... and disagree on certain points; agreeing that the people of the world need to band together to fight climate change, but disagreeing on the specific methods of actually fighting it. As a denizen of high-tech Silicon Valley, I would disagree with Martinez’s point of view on the subject – technology i ...
Understanding Human Rights and Climate Change
... As emphasized by the United Nations Human Rights Council in its Resolution 26/27, “climate change is an urgent global problem requiring a global solution.” The Council called for international cooperation to implement the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) “in order to su ...
... As emphasized by the United Nations Human Rights Council in its Resolution 26/27, “climate change is an urgent global problem requiring a global solution.” The Council called for international cooperation to implement the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) “in order to su ...
volcanic eruptions and climate - Alan Robock
... radiation by scattering. Some of the light is backscattered, reflecting sunlight back to space, increasing the net planetary albedo and reducing the amount of solar energy that reaches the Earth’s surface. This backscattering is the dominant radiative effect at the surface and results in a net cooli ...
... radiation by scattering. Some of the light is backscattered, reflecting sunlight back to space, increasing the net planetary albedo and reducing the amount of solar energy that reaches the Earth’s surface. This backscattering is the dominant radiative effect at the surface and results in a net cooli ...
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS AND CLIMATE
... radiation by scattering. Some of the light is backscattered, reflecting sunlight back to space, increasing the net planetary albedo and reducing the amount of solar energy that reaches the Earth’s surface. This backscattering is the dominant radiative effect at the surface and results in a net cooli ...
... radiation by scattering. Some of the light is backscattered, reflecting sunlight back to space, increasing the net planetary albedo and reducing the amount of solar energy that reaches the Earth’s surface. This backscattering is the dominant radiative effect at the surface and results in a net cooli ...
rosenberg_stormwater_cc_jan10 - UW Hydro
... distribution of precipitation extremes is statistically stationary. This assumption is called into question by climate change, resulting in uncertainty about the future performance of systems constructed under this paradigm. We therefore examined both historical precipitation records and simulations ...
... distribution of precipitation extremes is statistically stationary. This assumption is called into question by climate change, resulting in uncertainty about the future performance of systems constructed under this paradigm. We therefore examined both historical precipitation records and simulations ...
“Community Vulnerability Mapping”: Enabling Participation and
... Over the last four decades, sub-Saharan Africa has experienced more than one thousand disasters.2 Disasters and hazard events are a major threat to development, putting at risk and often reversing development gains. In West African countries, the disaster profile is characterised by extreme hydro-me ...
... Over the last four decades, sub-Saharan Africa has experienced more than one thousand disasters.2 Disasters and hazard events are a major threat to development, putting at risk and often reversing development gains. In West African countries, the disaster profile is characterised by extreme hydro-me ...
Past and future conditions for polar stratospheric cloud formation
... We use two related diagnostics (APSC and VPSC ) to measure the extent of favourable conditions for PSC formation, defined similarly to the diagnostics used in Rex et al. (2004, 2006). Since our discussion is qualitative in nature, our conclusions are not sensitive to which diagnostic we use. We defi ...
... We use two related diagnostics (APSC and VPSC ) to measure the extent of favourable conditions for PSC formation, defined similarly to the diagnostics used in Rex et al. (2004, 2006). Since our discussion is qualitative in nature, our conclusions are not sensitive to which diagnostic we use. We defi ...
Injection of CO 2
... You asked about Geoengineering: My thoughts on this issues have evolved a little but it is pretty similar to what I said (after correcting my statements for misunderstandings due to my poor expressions!!) in Bremen. I still do not think that SPARC should have an official position on doing Geoengine ...
... You asked about Geoengineering: My thoughts on this issues have evolved a little but it is pretty similar to what I said (after correcting my statements for misunderstandings due to my poor expressions!!) in Bremen. I still do not think that SPARC should have an official position on doing Geoengine ...
AFWA 2002 - Nevada Department of Wildlife
... If there are jurisdictional barriers states may want to show how those species are being addressed by other agencies of jurisdiction. ...
... If there are jurisdictional barriers states may want to show how those species are being addressed by other agencies of jurisdiction. ...
Adapting to Climate Change - City of Sydney
... to future shocks and stresses including climate change. Participating in the 100 Resilient Cities Initiative will allow us to learn from how others are adapting to climate change. As part of the 100 Resilient Cities Initiative, the City will be developing a resilience strategy for Metropolitan Sydne ...
... to future shocks and stresses including climate change. Participating in the 100 Resilient Cities Initiative will allow us to learn from how others are adapting to climate change. As part of the 100 Resilient Cities Initiative, the City will be developing a resilience strategy for Metropolitan Sydne ...
P348 Description, Pr..
... advanced and provided downscaled estimates of changing temperature and precipitation. These projections are being evaluated further from suites of basin- to global-scale models to determine changes in water storage, particularly with respect to the distribution of snow and ice, and hydrological impa ...
... advanced and provided downscaled estimates of changing temperature and precipitation. These projections are being evaluated further from suites of basin- to global-scale models to determine changes in water storage, particularly with respect to the distribution of snow and ice, and hydrological impa ...
Climate Adaptation in Asia: Knowledge Gaps and Research
... importance of food production and the historical exposure of large rural and urban populations to extreme events (droughts, floods, typhoons). There is reasonable consensus on the broad nature of future climate change in different regions of the country under various global emission scenarios, but h ...
... importance of food production and the historical exposure of large rural and urban populations to extreme events (droughts, floods, typhoons). There is reasonable consensus on the broad nature of future climate change in different regions of the country under various global emission scenarios, but h ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).