(2006) 80-120 yr Long-term solar induced effects on the earth, past
... the weak cycles cause the lakes levels to rise in coherence with the cyclic variations of the weak sunspot. (2) The Great American Lakes (Lake Erie and the others) were influenced by an additional weak solar cycle. However it is suggested that lake Erie started this cyclic variation one solar cycle l ...
... the weak cycles cause the lakes levels to rise in coherence with the cyclic variations of the weak sunspot. (2) The Great American Lakes (Lake Erie and the others) were influenced by an additional weak solar cycle. However it is suggested that lake Erie started this cyclic variation one solar cycle l ...
Mis - Center for International Environmental Law
... Likewise, if unanticipated, a dynamic climate change trajectory and corresponding fossil fuel over-investment threatens investors and markets. ...
... Likewise, if unanticipated, a dynamic climate change trajectory and corresponding fossil fuel over-investment threatens investors and markets. ...
Yes Impact – Water Wars
... Research into two seas bordering the polar region has shown that they are absorbing ever smaller amounts of atmospheric CO2 and, at points of the year, even becoming a source of the gas. The shock finding suggests that climate change could be fast becoming a vicious, inescapable cycle which can only ...
... Research into two seas bordering the polar region has shown that they are absorbing ever smaller amounts of atmospheric CO2 and, at points of the year, even becoming a source of the gas. The shock finding suggests that climate change could be fast becoming a vicious, inescapable cycle which can only ...
The nature of climate change report
... poles, and cooler at higher elevations. A species has a natural range, often bounded at higher latitudes or elevations where it becomes too cold for the species, and at lower latitudes or elevations beyond which it becomes too warm. Even if a thermal limit is not reached, a species’ range may be bou ...
... poles, and cooler at higher elevations. A species has a natural range, often bounded at higher latitudes or elevations where it becomes too cold for the species, and at lower latitudes or elevations beyond which it becomes too warm. Even if a thermal limit is not reached, a species’ range may be bou ...
What is the temporal and spatial variability in porewater chemistry?
... - Small or no changes observed at deeper depths. - Some changes occurred prior to warming; possibly due to lack of lateral outflow from plots resulting in concentration of TOC. ...
... - Small or no changes observed at deeper depths. - Some changes occurred prior to warming; possibly due to lack of lateral outflow from plots resulting in concentration of TOC. ...
A Method to Estimate Climate-Critical Construction Materials
... operations for most seaport managers virtually guarantees that all the actors will delay construction until the last responsible moment (Becker et al., 2013). In this light, we are reminded of the assumptions made by individual actors in the “credit risk busin ...
... operations for most seaport managers virtually guarantees that all the actors will delay construction until the last responsible moment (Becker et al., 2013). In this light, we are reminded of the assumptions made by individual actors in the “credit risk busin ...
Assessment of the Effects of Large- scale Climate Oscillations on the
... New Zealand’s climate is complex and highly variable, ranging from warm subtropical in the far north to cool and temperate in the far south. We can get intense storms from the roaring forties of the southern ocean as well as from tropical cyclones from the northwest. Mountain chains extending the le ...
... New Zealand’s climate is complex and highly variable, ranging from warm subtropical in the far north to cool and temperate in the far south. We can get intense storms from the roaring forties of the southern ocean as well as from tropical cyclones from the northwest. Mountain chains extending the le ...
Ecosystem-based Approaches to Adaptation
... involve the use of biodiversity and ecosystem services to help people adapt to the adverse effects of climate change. Those who are most vulnerable to climate change are often highly reliant on ecosystems and ecosystem services for their lives and livelihoods, and ecosystems and the services they pr ...
... involve the use of biodiversity and ecosystem services to help people adapt to the adverse effects of climate change. Those who are most vulnerable to climate change are often highly reliant on ecosystems and ecosystem services for their lives and livelihoods, and ecosystems and the services they pr ...
WETLANDS, CARBON STORAGE, AND FUTURE CLIMATE
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has estimated that global surface air temperatures will increase another 2-8F in the next hundred years with a “best guess” increase of 3.5 degrees by 2100. The most significant increases will occur in the northern latitudes. The temperature of wetlan ...
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has estimated that global surface air temperatures will increase another 2-8F in the next hundred years with a “best guess” increase of 3.5 degrees by 2100. The most significant increases will occur in the northern latitudes. The temperature of wetlan ...
SoG for Climate Applications
... current observational practices and trends in observations fall short of climate program requirements; and/or where CCl believes observational programs should place particular emphasis. It should be noted that this is a first draft only, is largely qualitative, and will evolve. In particular, we pla ...
... current observational practices and trends in observations fall short of climate program requirements; and/or where CCl believes observational programs should place particular emphasis. It should be noted that this is a first draft only, is largely qualitative, and will evolve. In particular, we pla ...
Rob Lawlor, The Absurdity of Economists` Sacrifice
... This then has implications for the efficiency of transfers that aim to provide individuals with gains to compensate them for their losses. That is, if losses are given more weight than gains, even when they are “objectively commensurate”, and if we want to give people compensation that they will con ...
... This then has implications for the efficiency of transfers that aim to provide individuals with gains to compensate them for their losses. That is, if losses are given more weight than gains, even when they are “objectively commensurate”, and if we want to give people compensation that they will con ...
Climate change implications for New Zealand
... is inevitable and uncertainties about the extent of climate change. Experience shows that uncertainties around climate changes can result in decision-making being postponed until changes are clearer. This ‘wait and see’ approach is in itself risky, since the direction and rough magnitude of climate ...
... is inevitable and uncertainties about the extent of climate change. Experience shows that uncertainties around climate changes can result in decision-making being postponed until changes are clearer. This ‘wait and see’ approach is in itself risky, since the direction and rough magnitude of climate ...
Climate change, migration and critical
... suggests that there may be 200 million environmental refugees worldwide by mid- to late century, including many to be displaced by the impacts of climate change and related sea level rise (Myers, 2002). CARE International (2009) arrives at similar conclusions in a report produced in collaboration wi ...
... suggests that there may be 200 million environmental refugees worldwide by mid- to late century, including many to be displaced by the impacts of climate change and related sea level rise (Myers, 2002). CARE International (2009) arrives at similar conclusions in a report produced in collaboration wi ...
Building bridges: Supporting adaptation in industry VCCAR think
... cost $926 million (after government aid)12 in insurance payouts and $4 billion overall.13 The Victorian Treasury has estimated their losses from extreme weather events “as more than $4 billion over the last ten years” within Victoria.14 Costs borne by businesses and communities not met by government ...
... cost $926 million (after government aid)12 in insurance payouts and $4 billion overall.13 The Victorian Treasury has estimated their losses from extreme weather events “as more than $4 billion over the last ten years” within Victoria.14 Costs borne by businesses and communities not met by government ...
Climate Change Associated Sediment Yield Changes on the Rio
... spring melting of the snowpack. These changes may not only impact surface water flows, but the interaction between surface water and ground water as well. Warmer temperatures are anticipated to both drive up evaporation rates and increase the length of the growing season, contributing to lower overa ...
... spring melting of the snowpack. These changes may not only impact surface water flows, but the interaction between surface water and ground water as well. Warmer temperatures are anticipated to both drive up evaporation rates and increase the length of the growing season, contributing to lower overa ...
Eric Gordon and Lisa Dilling - Initiative on Climate Adaptation
... For example, scholars attempting to draw common lessons across a number of adaptation case studies may find their efforts hampered by the varied definitions used by different authors. Climate change adaptation research could thus greatly benefit from a synthesis of theoretical concepts, intended to ...
... For example, scholars attempting to draw common lessons across a number of adaptation case studies may find their efforts hampered by the varied definitions used by different authors. Climate change adaptation research could thus greatly benefit from a synthesis of theoretical concepts, intended to ...
climate change and ocean acidification
... processes in the oceans, at both global and regional levels. The impacts of these changes on human health and socio-economics were also discussed (see Cheung et al., 2015). Key findings on physical processes in the oceans highlighted, with an extremely high certainty, that the upper ocean had warmed ...
... processes in the oceans, at both global and regional levels. The impacts of these changes on human health and socio-economics were also discussed (see Cheung et al., 2015). Key findings on physical processes in the oceans highlighted, with an extremely high certainty, that the upper ocean had warmed ...
Temperaturedependent remineralization in a warming ocean
... and also growth of higher trophic levels in the marine ecosystem is influenced by temperature [Ikeda, 1985].Therefore, sinking organic matter may be utilized more efficiently by heterotrophs and thereby remineralized higher up in the water column if temperature increases. [6] Analyses of global temper ...
... and also growth of higher trophic levels in the marine ecosystem is influenced by temperature [Ikeda, 1985].Therefore, sinking organic matter may be utilized more efficiently by heterotrophs and thereby remineralized higher up in the water column if temperature increases. [6] Analyses of global temper ...
American Evangelicals and Domestic Versus International Climate
... than 26% of the adult population belonged to evangelical Protestant denominations in a survey conducted in 2007.1 Studies which ask individuals whether they are evangelicals typically find somewhat higher levels of evangelical identification (Hackett and Lindsay, 2008). Such a large religious bloc w ...
... than 26% of the adult population belonged to evangelical Protestant denominations in a survey conducted in 2007.1 Studies which ask individuals whether they are evangelicals typically find somewhat higher levels of evangelical identification (Hackett and Lindsay, 2008). Such a large religious bloc w ...
Planning the resilient city: Concepts and strategies for coping with
... subject is its lack of multifaceted theorizing and the fact that it typically overlooks the multidisciplinary and complex nature of urban resilience. Because city resilience is a complex, multidisciplinary phenomenon, focusing on a single or small number of contributing factors ultimately results in ...
... subject is its lack of multifaceted theorizing and the fact that it typically overlooks the multidisciplinary and complex nature of urban resilience. Because city resilience is a complex, multidisciplinary phenomenon, focusing on a single or small number of contributing factors ultimately results in ...
A comparison of structural and behavioural adaptations to future
... scenario predicts, and hence A1FI can no longer be considered a worst case. This implies that several highly populated regions not used to high temperatures will be exposed to a very different summertime experience. As the events in Paris in 2003 showed, temperature rises and reductions in the diurn ...
... scenario predicts, and hence A1FI can no longer be considered a worst case. This implies that several highly populated regions not used to high temperatures will be exposed to a very different summertime experience. As the events in Paris in 2003 showed, temperature rises and reductions in the diurn ...
(mis)calculated risk and climate change
... Likewise, if unanticipated, a dynamic climate change trajectory and corresponding fossil fuel over-investment threatens investors and markets. ...
... Likewise, if unanticipated, a dynamic climate change trajectory and corresponding fossil fuel over-investment threatens investors and markets. ...
Target Atmospheric CO : Where Should Humanity Aim?
... vegetation distribution, and continental shelf exposure, was 3.5 ± 1 W/m2 [14] relative to the Holocene. Additional forcing due to reduced amounts of long-lived GHGs (CO2, CH4, N2O), including the indirect effects of CH4 on tropospheric ozone and stratospheric water vapor (Fig. S1) was -3 ± 0.5 W/m2 ...
... vegetation distribution, and continental shelf exposure, was 3.5 ± 1 W/m2 [14] relative to the Holocene. Additional forcing due to reduced amounts of long-lived GHGs (CO2, CH4, N2O), including the indirect effects of CH4 on tropospheric ozone and stratospheric water vapor (Fig. S1) was -3 ± 0.5 W/m2 ...
Michael E. Schlesinger, Professor of Atmospheric Sciences
... Schlesinger directs the UIUC Climate Research Group (CRG) within the Department of Atmospheric Sciences. He is an expert in the modeling, simulation and analysis of climate and climate change, with interests in simulating and understanding past, present and possible future climates, climate impacts ...
... Schlesinger directs the UIUC Climate Research Group (CRG) within the Department of Atmospheric Sciences. He is an expert in the modeling, simulation and analysis of climate and climate change, with interests in simulating and understanding past, present and possible future climates, climate impacts ...
Climate and the Carbon Cycle - CARBO
... native plants and forest species has lengthened in Europe and this trend is projected to continue, alongside their expansion into more northerly latitudes. In general, with both their large carbon stocks and long generation time, forests are expected to experience the largest, most diverse, and long ...
... native plants and forest species has lengthened in Europe and this trend is projected to continue, alongside their expansion into more northerly latitudes. In general, with both their large carbon stocks and long generation time, forests are expected to experience the largest, most diverse, and long ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).