Water-based Adhesives for Flexible Packaging
... impact of air emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Increased GHGs in the troposphere result in warming of the earth’s surface. The impact of greenhouse gas emissions – such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) – is assessed over a fixed time period of 100 years. ...
... impact of air emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Increased GHGs in the troposphere result in warming of the earth’s surface. The impact of greenhouse gas emissions – such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) – is assessed over a fixed time period of 100 years. ...
2.0 Climate Change: Scenarios for the Indian Ocean Territories
... The IOT are home to distinctive ecosystems and a number of endemic species that are considered to be vulnerable to climate change. Terrestrial forests in particular, are highly sensitive to increases in temperature and humidity, and any changes in evapo-transpiration would affect soil moisture, fore ...
... The IOT are home to distinctive ecosystems and a number of endemic species that are considered to be vulnerable to climate change. Terrestrial forests in particular, are highly sensitive to increases in temperature and humidity, and any changes in evapo-transpiration would affect soil moisture, fore ...
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... Development Goal of reducing poverty and food insecurity globally via increased agricultural production in developing countries. Climate variability results from our use of energy, but its impact is manifested through changes in agroecological conditions and climatic factors, particularly precipitat ...
... Development Goal of reducing poverty and food insecurity globally via increased agricultural production in developing countries. Climate variability results from our use of energy, but its impact is manifested through changes in agroecological conditions and climatic factors, particularly precipitat ...
Wildlife in a changing climate - Food and Agriculture Organization of
... animals on the globe are estimated to be at an increasingly high risk of extinction as temperatures increase by 2–3 °C above pre-industrial levels. The estimates for tropical forests exceed these global averages. It is very likely that even modest losses in biodiversity would cause consequential cha ...
... animals on the globe are estimated to be at an increasingly high risk of extinction as temperatures increase by 2–3 °C above pre-industrial levels. The estimates for tropical forests exceed these global averages. It is very likely that even modest losses in biodiversity would cause consequential cha ...
Policy indexes – what do they tell us and what are their applications? The case of climate policy and business planning in emerging markets: Working Paper 88 (678 kB) (opens in new window)
... The Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment was established by the London School of Economics and Political Science in 2008 to bring together international expertise on economics, finance, geography, the environment, international development and political economy to create ...
... The Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment was established by the London School of Economics and Political Science in 2008 to bring together international expertise on economics, finance, geography, the environment, international development and political economy to create ...
Fungi the unknown Organisms – an
... 3. Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations as predicted will most likely not affect non-mycorrhizal soil fungi because CO2 levels in soils are already high due to biotic respiration[15,16]. Elevated CO2 may have an impact on carbon allocation via the fungi-plant symbiosis. It is estimated that mycor ...
... 3. Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations as predicted will most likely not affect non-mycorrhizal soil fungi because CO2 levels in soils are already high due to biotic respiration[15,16]. Elevated CO2 may have an impact on carbon allocation via the fungi-plant symbiosis. It is estimated that mycor ...
The global hydrological cycle and energy budget under climate
... return immediately to its initial state after CO2 concentrations are back to their initial levels and this leads to large anomalies in surface temperature, precipitation and sea ice area extent. Overall, this thesis demonstrates that the low agreement among different climate models about precipitati ...
... return immediately to its initial state after CO2 concentrations are back to their initial levels and this leads to large anomalies in surface temperature, precipitation and sea ice area extent. Overall, this thesis demonstrates that the low agreement among different climate models about precipitati ...
Presentazione standard di PowerPoint
... The RCPs are named according to their 2100 radiative forcing level as reported by the individual modeling teams. The radiative forcing estimates are based on the forcing of greenhouse gases and other forcing agents - but does not include direct impacts of land use (albedo) or the forcing of mineral ...
... The RCPs are named according to their 2100 radiative forcing level as reported by the individual modeling teams. The radiative forcing estimates are based on the forcing of greenhouse gases and other forcing agents - but does not include direct impacts of land use (albedo) or the forcing of mineral ...
The Kyoto Protocol, Citizens` Suits under the Clean Air Act, and the
... absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and do so at increasing rates relative to the concentration of the gas in the air.3" However, the absorptive power of oceans, trees, and plantlife stabilizes once carbon dioxide emission levels surpass the rate at which it can be absorbed.3 2 Scientists esti ...
... absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and do so at increasing rates relative to the concentration of the gas in the air.3" However, the absorptive power of oceans, trees, and plantlife stabilizes once carbon dioxide emission levels surpass the rate at which it can be absorbed.3 2 Scientists esti ...
IN THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA GAUTENG DIVISION
... under regulation 34(2)(b) and environmental authorisation should be refused. 16. The DEA (the first, second and third respondents) argued that Earthlife’s interpretation of the governing legislation is unsustainable. In their submission, there is no provision in our domestic legislation, regulations ...
... under regulation 34(2)(b) and environmental authorisation should be refused. 16. The DEA (the first, second and third respondents) argued that Earthlife’s interpretation of the governing legislation is unsustainable. In their submission, there is no provision in our domestic legislation, regulations ...
SJmaintext
... provides a general framework where an enhanced understanding of climate-population processes, along with improved long-term data, are merged into coherent projections of future population responses to climate change. This approach can be applied to any species, but this review illustrates its benefi ...
... provides a general framework where an enhanced understanding of climate-population processes, along with improved long-term data, are merged into coherent projections of future population responses to climate change. This approach can be applied to any species, but this review illustrates its benefi ...
Project Concept and PDF-B Document
... most of the change concentrated in the last few decades. Seen over the scale of the last millennium, the rapid warming represents a strong deviation from the norm. With the continuing emission of greenhouse gases, it is now projected that the mean surface temperature may increase up to close to 6 de ...
... most of the change concentrated in the last few decades. Seen over the scale of the last millennium, the rapid warming represents a strong deviation from the norm. With the continuing emission of greenhouse gases, it is now projected that the mean surface temperature may increase up to close to 6 de ...
Climate Change Analysis
... Figure 2.4: Grid boxes for regional Basin projections (e.g., Canadian Global Climate Model).......................... 10 Figure 2.5: (a) Basin average annual mean temperature record and 50-year trends (b) Basin average annual mean temperature record and 30-year trends................................ ...
... Figure 2.4: Grid boxes for regional Basin projections (e.g., Canadian Global Climate Model).......................... 10 Figure 2.5: (a) Basin average annual mean temperature record and 50-year trends (b) Basin average annual mean temperature record and 30-year trends................................ ...
The Challenge of Adapting to Climate in a Changing World
... Procedures for developing socioeconomic scenarios If you think the task of developing climate scenarios is difficult, the job of generating socio-economic scenarios is even more complex. Due to the fast changing, and poorly understood interactions of factors operating within socioeconomic systems, ...
... Procedures for developing socioeconomic scenarios If you think the task of developing climate scenarios is difficult, the job of generating socio-economic scenarios is even more complex. Due to the fast changing, and poorly understood interactions of factors operating within socioeconomic systems, ...
full - School of GeoSciences
... Systems) Fleet Improvement Committee (9/96 to 4/99); Member, NSF Advisory Panel on Marine Earth System History (10/97 to 9/99 and also 1990); Member, Ocean History Panel, Ocean Drilling Program (1/95 - 1/97); Chair, American Geophysical Union (AGU) Committee on Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology ...
... Systems) Fleet Improvement Committee (9/96 to 4/99); Member, NSF Advisory Panel on Marine Earth System History (10/97 to 9/99 and also 1990); Member, Ocean History Panel, Ocean Drilling Program (1/95 - 1/97); Chair, American Geophysical Union (AGU) Committee on Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology ...
Plot-scale evidence of tundra vegetation change and links to recent
... changes that can be difficult to tease apart, such as the amount and type of vegetation, litter, bare ground and soil-moisture status, and potentially influenced by non-vegetation changes such as atmospheric conditions and satellite drift8 . Last, plotbased sampling, repeat aerial photography and an ...
... changes that can be difficult to tease apart, such as the amount and type of vegetation, litter, bare ground and soil-moisture status, and potentially influenced by non-vegetation changes such as atmospheric conditions and satellite drift8 . Last, plotbased sampling, repeat aerial photography and an ...
Education sector responses to climate change - UNESDOC
... over the past several years are at high risk of leveling off or even reversing as countries must divert scarce resources to cope with climate change phenomena, such as sea level rise, severe storms, and weather variability, all of which exert inconceivable pressure on food and water supplies, and li ...
... over the past several years are at high risk of leveling off or even reversing as countries must divert scarce resources to cope with climate change phenomena, such as sea level rise, severe storms, and weather variability, all of which exert inconceivable pressure on food and water supplies, and li ...
Planning and Climate Change - Greater Manchester Minerals Plan
... within an organisation. This is subject to it being reproduced accurately and not in a misleading context. The material must be acknowledged as Crown copyright and the title of the publication specified. For any other use of this material please write to The HMSO Licensing ...
... within an organisation. This is subject to it being reproduced accurately and not in a misleading context. The material must be acknowledged as Crown copyright and the title of the publication specified. For any other use of this material please write to The HMSO Licensing ...
Do Not Cite, Quote, or Distribute IPCC WGII AR5
... Re: projected annual rainfall changes. Different confidence levels between ES and body of Chapter.\n\n (NETHERLANDS) Executive Summary states TCs will increase in intensity but decrease in numbers, with low confidence. Chapter states numbers will stay similar or decrease, and that increases and decr ...
... Re: projected annual rainfall changes. Different confidence levels between ES and body of Chapter.\n\n (NETHERLANDS) Executive Summary states TCs will increase in intensity but decrease in numbers, with low confidence. Chapter states numbers will stay similar or decrease, and that increases and decr ...
Accurate estimates of yield gaps - Van Bussel et al 2015
... stations located within the same climate zone, represented by the coefficient of variation, served as a measure of the performance of the climate zonation scheme for upscaling of yield potentials. We found that our approach was most appropriate for countries with homogeneous topography and large clim ...
... stations located within the same climate zone, represented by the coefficient of variation, served as a measure of the performance of the climate zonation scheme for upscaling of yield potentials. We found that our approach was most appropriate for countries with homogeneous topography and large clim ...
The importance of glacier and forest change in hydrological climate
... of glacier retreat, the equilibrium line is defined to rise 150 m per 1 K (Linsbauer et al., 2013). In the Swiss Alps, the glacier area above the ELA, the accumulation zone of a glacier, comprises 60 % of the total glacier area, on average (MBB, 2005; Paul et al., 2007). An increase of the ELA entai ...
... of glacier retreat, the equilibrium line is defined to rise 150 m per 1 K (Linsbauer et al., 2013). In the Swiss Alps, the glacier area above the ELA, the accumulation zone of a glacier, comprises 60 % of the total glacier area, on average (MBB, 2005; Paul et al., 2007). An increase of the ELA entai ...
Primer on Short-Lived Climate Pollutants
... emissions reductions, emphasizing those projects that also reduce black carbon emissions.21 In addition to being included in the CCAC, HFCs are addressed in the Rio + 20 declaration, The Future We Want, where world leaders supported phasing down HFC production and use.22 Such a phase down can be ach ...
... emissions reductions, emphasizing those projects that also reduce black carbon emissions.21 In addition to being included in the CCAC, HFCs are addressed in the Rio + 20 declaration, The Future We Want, where world leaders supported phasing down HFC production and use.22 Such a phase down can be ach ...
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... Climate change is probably the most serious environmental challenge facing humanity and threatening the well-being of future generations. Tackling climate change has now become extremely urgent with little time remaining to achieve the necessary climate targets (Stocker, 2013). Moreover, delays in g ...
... Climate change is probably the most serious environmental challenge facing humanity and threatening the well-being of future generations. Tackling climate change has now become extremely urgent with little time remaining to achieve the necessary climate targets (Stocker, 2013). Moreover, delays in g ...
CGE Training Materials for Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment
... Air. Extreme high air temperatures can kill directly; it has been estimated that more than 70 000 excess deaths occurred in the extreme heat of summer 2003 in Europe. By the second half of the 21st century such extreme temperatures will be the norm. In addition, rising air temperatures will increase ...
... Air. Extreme high air temperatures can kill directly; it has been estimated that more than 70 000 excess deaths occurred in the extreme heat of summer 2003 in Europe. By the second half of the 21st century such extreme temperatures will be the norm. In addition, rising air temperatures will increase ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).