Evaluation, characterization, and communication of uncertainty by
... distributions, even in the many cases where the literature describes such outcomes only as “not implausible”; but it must be recognized that this puts an extra burden on IPCC authors. They must attempt to view the world through the prism of decision makers, taking into consideration at least the bro ...
... distributions, even in the many cases where the literature describes such outcomes only as “not implausible”; but it must be recognized that this puts an extra burden on IPCC authors. They must attempt to view the world through the prism of decision makers, taking into consideration at least the bro ...
b i5607e
... climate, farmers may alter their use of inputs including fertilizers, change their mix of crops, or even decide to use their farmland for another activity (e.g., a housing complex). Since many smallholder farmers in SSA in general and Uganda in particular view climate/weather variability as a primar ...
... climate, farmers may alter their use of inputs including fertilizers, change their mix of crops, or even decide to use their farmland for another activity (e.g., a housing complex). Since many smallholder farmers in SSA in general and Uganda in particular view climate/weather variability as a primar ...
Time to Evolve? Potential Evolutionary Responses of Fraser River
... warming. Adult sockeye salmon are highly sensitive to increases in water temperature during their arduous upriver migration, raising concerns about the fate of these ecologically, culturally, and commercially important fish in a warmer future. Our results suggest that evolution of upriver migration ...
... warming. Adult sockeye salmon are highly sensitive to increases in water temperature during their arduous upriver migration, raising concerns about the fate of these ecologically, culturally, and commercially important fish in a warmer future. Our results suggest that evolution of upriver migration ...
Climate change prediction over complex areas: spatial variability of
... a large spatial and seasonal variability as well, as the six RCMs present noticeable differences on accuracy and sensitivity to climate change forcings. Copyright 2007 Royal Meteorological Society KEY WORDS ...
... a large spatial and seasonal variability as well, as the six RCMs present noticeable differences on accuracy and sensitivity to climate change forcings. Copyright 2007 Royal Meteorological Society KEY WORDS ...
Climate change in the Fertile Crescent and implications of the recent
... Syria was far more vulnerable to drought, given its stronger dependence on year-to-year rainfall and declining groundwater for agriculture. Water scarcity in Syria has been far more severe than in Turkey or Iraq, with Syria’s total annual water withdrawal as a percentage of internal renewable water ...
... Syria was far more vulnerable to drought, given its stronger dependence on year-to-year rainfall and declining groundwater for agriculture. Water scarcity in Syria has been far more severe than in Turkey or Iraq, with Syria’s total annual water withdrawal as a percentage of internal renewable water ...
Climate Change and Health: Is There a Role for the Health Care
... (e.g., heat waves) and extreme weather events, or indirectly through changes in water availability, air quality and resultant changes in agriculture and the economy (Knowlton et al., 2011). There are endless examples of the negative health effects of extreme climate events and health. Droughts and f ...
... (e.g., heat waves) and extreme weather events, or indirectly through changes in water availability, air quality and resultant changes in agriculture and the economy (Knowlton et al., 2011). There are endless examples of the negative health effects of extreme climate events and health. Droughts and f ...
ch 18 ppt.
... • Sustainability is the goal of developing, managing, and conserving Earth’s resources in ways that meet the needs of people today without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. • Every year, more and more forested land is cleared for ...
... • Sustainability is the goal of developing, managing, and conserving Earth’s resources in ways that meet the needs of people today without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. • Every year, more and more forested land is cleared for ...
Climate change : quantifying the health impact at national
... necessary to protect health under a changing climate are local. Quantitative assessment of the size and distribution of health risks can therefore be an important tool in identifying which actions will be most effective in adapting to climate change. They may also provide an incentive to cooperate a ...
... necessary to protect health under a changing climate are local. Quantitative assessment of the size and distribution of health risks can therefore be an important tool in identifying which actions will be most effective in adapting to climate change. They may also provide an incentive to cooperate a ...
Thanks Jim - International Biochar Initiative
... announces that the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) has submitted a proposal to include biochar as a mitigation and adaptation technology to be considered in the post-2012-Copenhagen agenda of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). A copy of the proposal i ...
... announces that the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) has submitted a proposal to include biochar as a mitigation and adaptation technology to be considered in the post-2012-Copenhagen agenda of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). A copy of the proposal i ...
here - Atmospheric Sciences
... varies is 1, 3, 5, and 10 mm for panels (a)-(d) respectively. For all figures, the winter season is Oct-Mar, and the snow depth minimum is 5mm snow water equivalent. ...
... varies is 1, 3, 5, and 10 mm for panels (a)-(d) respectively. For all figures, the winter season is Oct-Mar, and the snow depth minimum is 5mm snow water equivalent. ...
12 International climate change agreements What is covered in this chapter?
... planet benefits from a stable climate, but that can only be achieved if everybody participates. Not participating, i.e. leaving it to others to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and keep forests intact, is tempting: the contributions from most individual countries are small and no economic sector cove ...
... planet benefits from a stable climate, but that can only be achieved if everybody participates. Not participating, i.e. leaving it to others to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and keep forests intact, is tempting: the contributions from most individual countries are small and no economic sector cove ...
Lecture 1 - Department of Meteorology and Climate Science
... at 500 mi (800 km), it increases to 100 min. At a height of 22,300 mi (36,000 km), a satellite has a period of exactly 24 hr, the time it takes the earth to rotate once on its axis; such an orbit is called geosynchronous ...
... at 500 mi (800 km), it increases to 100 min. At a height of 22,300 mi (36,000 km), a satellite has a period of exactly 24 hr, the time it takes the earth to rotate once on its axis; such an orbit is called geosynchronous ...
mwalker_arctic_national_wildlife_refuge_climate_change
... many of the Gwich’in live in villages located just outside the southern border of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. The Gwich’in number about 7500 members and are deeply reliant on subsistence hunting and fishing, as well as gathering of seasonal berries, plants, and birch bark. While moose, car ...
... many of the Gwich’in live in villages located just outside the southern border of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. The Gwich’in number about 7500 members and are deeply reliant on subsistence hunting and fishing, as well as gathering of seasonal berries, plants, and birch bark. While moose, car ...
Sensitivity of Northern Peatland Carbon
... suitable for long-term peat C accumulation is the result of various thermal-moisture associations and precipitation seasonality. In the same way, climate histories and temperature and precipitation associations in the past were likely also very different between regions. As a result, a regional pers ...
... suitable for long-term peat C accumulation is the result of various thermal-moisture associations and precipitation seasonality. In the same way, climate histories and temperature and precipitation associations in the past were likely also very different between regions. As a result, a regional pers ...
PDF
... Even if the above three factors were known with certainty, there would still be uncertainty about future levels of Greenhouse gas emissions. Given that these three factors are far from known with certainty, combined uncertainty about greenhouse gas emissions is very high. ...
... Even if the above three factors were known with certainty, there would still be uncertainty about future levels of Greenhouse gas emissions. Given that these three factors are far from known with certainty, combined uncertainty about greenhouse gas emissions is very high. ...
mg218e
... A variety of activities are promoted under the MICCA umbrella. These aim to support policy and decision making, as well as to provide input to international negotiations on climate change. MICCA is developing a database on GHG emissions from agricultural activities, which will provide comparable glo ...
... A variety of activities are promoted under the MICCA umbrella. These aim to support policy and decision making, as well as to provide input to international negotiations on climate change. MICCA is developing a database on GHG emissions from agricultural activities, which will provide comparable glo ...
The Relevance of the No-Harm Principle to Climate Change Law
... projects with a focus on certain environmental issues, contrasts sharply with the restorative obligations of a state responsible for an internationally wrongful act. Although the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) requires developed states to “assist [developing states] that are part ...
... projects with a focus on certain environmental issues, contrasts sharply with the restorative obligations of a state responsible for an internationally wrongful act. Although the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) requires developed states to “assist [developing states] that are part ...
Use of spatial analogy in analysis and valuation of climate scenarios
... With the Climex method we can only use the temperature and the precipitation in same weight. To calculate the similarity for only for the temperature or for the precipitation we should have alter the calculation of CMI. We started to use a new λ parameter tp weightening the temperature and the preci ...
... With the Climex method we can only use the temperature and the precipitation in same weight. To calculate the similarity for only for the temperature or for the precipitation we should have alter the calculation of CMI. We started to use a new λ parameter tp weightening the temperature and the preci ...
The Household Production Function Approach to Valuing Climate
... aggregated over large, climatically diverse regions. Most studies include temperature and precipitation but far fewer include other potentially important climate variables such as sunshine and relative humidity. Researchers characterise climate variables in different ways e.g. annual mean temperatur ...
... aggregated over large, climatically diverse regions. Most studies include temperature and precipitation but far fewer include other potentially important climate variables such as sunshine and relative humidity. Researchers characterise climate variables in different ways e.g. annual mean temperatur ...
Will groundwater ease freshwater stress under climate change?
... Global temperature changes are accompanied by changes in other climatic variables. Patterns of precipitation change are more spatially and temporally variable than temperature change. Based on sparse observation records, there is no statistically significant long-term trend in the time series of glo ...
... Global temperature changes are accompanied by changes in other climatic variables. Patterns of precipitation change are more spatially and temporally variable than temperature change. Based on sparse observation records, there is no statistically significant long-term trend in the time series of glo ...
Climate and Land Degradation - Integrated Drought Management
... from a process or combination of processes, including processes arising from human activities and habitation patterns, such as: (i) soil erosion caused by wind and/or water; (ii) deterioration of the physical, chemical, and biological or economic properties of soil; and (iii) long-term loss of natur ...
... from a process or combination of processes, including processes arising from human activities and habitation patterns, such as: (i) soil erosion caused by wind and/or water; (ii) deterioration of the physical, chemical, and biological or economic properties of soil; and (iii) long-term loss of natur ...
climate change
... Migration is very complex to understand and always has a big impact. It can be successful when individuals and communities use migration to increase their resilience. Successful migration can be considered a necessary and positive adaptation strategy. However, migration, and in particular forced dis ...
... Migration is very complex to understand and always has a big impact. It can be successful when individuals and communities use migration to increase their resilience. Successful migration can be considered a necessary and positive adaptation strategy. However, migration, and in particular forced dis ...
SHAKY SCIENCE: INCONVENIENT TRUTHS CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS
... level of scientific understanding is on the rate of observed and future sea level rise. These findings question the extent to which the IPCC’s suggestions of a recent accelerated sea level rise represents a sustained change or simply short-term variations and whether we are even able to make such a ...
... level of scientific understanding is on the rate of observed and future sea level rise. These findings question the extent to which the IPCC’s suggestions of a recent accelerated sea level rise represents a sustained change or simply short-term variations and whether we are even able to make such a ...
The Economic Climate: Establishing Expert Consensus on the
... supported market-based mechanisms to reduce GHGs and incentivize energy efficiency and low-carbon energy sources. More than 57% of respondents felt that the U.S. government should commit to greenhouse gas reductions “regardless of the actions of other countries.” When asked to estimate the appropri ...
... supported market-based mechanisms to reduce GHGs and incentivize energy efficiency and low-carbon energy sources. More than 57% of respondents felt that the U.S. government should commit to greenhouse gas reductions “regardless of the actions of other countries.” When asked to estimate the appropri ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""