Implications of Climate Change for the Construction Sector.
... the subject of detailed, quantitative research, and this was recognised as a significant gap by the National Science Strategy Committee for Climate Change. This research is the first step towards filling that gap for one New Zealand building type – houses. Climate change factors affecting houses are ...
... the subject of detailed, quantitative research, and this was recognised as a significant gap by the National Science Strategy Committee for Climate Change. This research is the first step towards filling that gap for one New Zealand building type – houses. Climate change factors affecting houses are ...
Nature Communications Review Integrating Pliocene Geological
... With respect to the pre-industrial era, Pliocene surface temperatures over land and oceans were elevated (Dowsett et al., 2012; Salzmann et al., 2013), and climate model estimates indicate that the global annual mean surface temperature was 2.70 to 4.05°C higher (Haywood et al., 2013a). The hydrolog ...
... With respect to the pre-industrial era, Pliocene surface temperatures over land and oceans were elevated (Dowsett et al., 2012; Salzmann et al., 2013), and climate model estimates indicate that the global annual mean surface temperature was 2.70 to 4.05°C higher (Haywood et al., 2013a). The hydrolog ...
Can marine cloud brightening reduce coral bleaching?
... is designed to produce a cooling that in principle can maintain the Earth’s average surface temperature and polar sea–ice cover at roughly current values in the face of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, at least up to the 2×CO2 point. MCB involves seeding low-level marine stratocumulus (ice ...
... is designed to produce a cooling that in principle can maintain the Earth’s average surface temperature and polar sea–ice cover at roughly current values in the face of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, at least up to the 2×CO2 point. MCB involves seeding low-level marine stratocumulus (ice ...
Review of the UN-REDD Policy Board Structure
... • Costs depend on which climate scenario we take, especially later on. Total costs to 2050 could be 50% higher if the RCP8.5 scenario is realized compared to the RCP 4.5 scenario. • The most affected sector is residential buildings, which accounts for around half of all costs. Next are public buildi ...
... • Costs depend on which climate scenario we take, especially later on. Total costs to 2050 could be 50% higher if the RCP8.5 scenario is realized compared to the RCP 4.5 scenario. • The most affected sector is residential buildings, which accounts for around half of all costs. Next are public buildi ...
ENSO and greenhouse warming
... The frequency of extreme La Niña is also expected to increase in response to more extreme El Niños, an accelerated maritime continent warming and surface-intensified ocean warming. ENSO-related catastrophic weather events are thus likely to occur more frequently with unabated greenhouse-gas emission ...
... The frequency of extreme La Niña is also expected to increase in response to more extreme El Niños, an accelerated maritime continent warming and surface-intensified ocean warming. ENSO-related catastrophic weather events are thus likely to occur more frequently with unabated greenhouse-gas emission ...
Uncertainty in science and its role in climate policy
... Indeterminacy also includes situations where there are variations in personal values, and may reflect an honest diversity between individuals as to what constitutes a reasonable chance to take. Before the first atomic bomb was tested, a calculation was made to estimate the chance of inadvertently dest ...
... Indeterminacy also includes situations where there are variations in personal values, and may reflect an honest diversity between individuals as to what constitutes a reasonable chance to take. Before the first atomic bomb was tested, a calculation was made to estimate the chance of inadvertently dest ...
The importance of biotic interactions for modelling species
... were produced, including the reversal of the species’ relative abundance at some temperatures. The authors concluded that biotic interactions should be included in predictions of species’ responses to climate change, without which predictions from bioclimate envelope models could be misleading. The ...
... were produced, including the reversal of the species’ relative abundance at some temperatures. The authors concluded that biotic interactions should be included in predictions of species’ responses to climate change, without which predictions from bioclimate envelope models could be misleading. The ...
4. impacts on marine ecosystems and the fisheries sector
... The climatic system is defined by the interaction between atmosphere and ocean, and climate change cannot be accounted for if we do not consider the role played by the ocean. In turn, the ocean is altered by changes in wind, temperature and rainfall regimes and continental inputs and evaporation. Te ...
... The climatic system is defined by the interaction between atmosphere and ocean, and climate change cannot be accounted for if we do not consider the role played by the ocean. In turn, the ocean is altered by changes in wind, temperature and rainfall regimes and continental inputs and evaporation. Te ...
European summer temperatures since Roman times
... centuries, including the 1st, 2nd, 8th and 10th centuries CE. The 1st century (in BHM also the 10th century) may even have been slightly warmer than the 20th century, but the difference is not statistically significant. Comparing each 50 yr period with the 1951–2000 period reveals a similar pattern. ...
... centuries, including the 1st, 2nd, 8th and 10th centuries CE. The 1st century (in BHM also the 10th century) may even have been slightly warmer than the 20th century, but the difference is not statistically significant. Comparing each 50 yr period with the 1951–2000 period reveals a similar pattern. ...
Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
... risks to the delivery of road transport services is increases in temporary flooding of vulnerable reaches of roadway resulting from precipitation events of increasing frequency and/or intensity. In both cases there are adverse economic consequences that can affect the estimated net present value of ...
... risks to the delivery of road transport services is increases in temporary flooding of vulnerable reaches of roadway resulting from precipitation events of increasing frequency and/or intensity. In both cases there are adverse economic consequences that can affect the estimated net present value of ...
Infectious disease, development, and climate change: a
... ABSTRACT. We study the effects of development and climate change on infectious diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa. Infant mortality and infectious disease are closely related, but there are better data for the former. In an international cross-section, per capita income, literacy, and absolute poverty s ...
... ABSTRACT. We study the effects of development and climate change on infectious diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa. Infant mortality and infectious disease are closely related, but there are better data for the former. In an international cross-section, per capita income, literacy, and absolute poverty s ...
The Climate Change Tort Suits
... implementing the PSD Program under the CAA for greenhouse gases. The Work Group should focus on the BACT requirement, including information and guidance that would be useful for EPA to provide concerning the technical, economic, and environmental performance characteristics of potential BACT options ...
... implementing the PSD Program under the CAA for greenhouse gases. The Work Group should focus on the BACT requirement, including information and guidance that would be useful for EPA to provide concerning the technical, economic, and environmental performance characteristics of potential BACT options ...
VSO and Climate Change
... Community-based adaptation VSO’s priority will be to work on community-based adaptation, work whose primary objective is to improve the capacity of local communities to adapt to climate change impacts. This community-level work builds on VSO’s experience and strengths in assessing and working to red ...
... Community-based adaptation VSO’s priority will be to work on community-based adaptation, work whose primary objective is to improve the capacity of local communities to adapt to climate change impacts. This community-level work builds on VSO’s experience and strengths in assessing and working to red ...
Potentials for greenhouse gas mitigation in agriculture
... Global GHG-emissions by sector ......................................................................................................................... GHG emissions by sector in high-, middle- and low-income countries ................................................... Direct greenhouse gases from ...
... Global GHG-emissions by sector ......................................................................................................................... GHG emissions by sector in high-, middle- and low-income countries ................................................... Direct greenhouse gases from ...
Low Carbon Economy Index
... • Key policies: To be able to deliver this scale of investment, the private sector will need not just targets, but a binding and effective framework of policy commitments. Establishing a global market for carbon trading would be one element in this, together with adequately funded arrangements to s ...
... • Key policies: To be able to deliver this scale of investment, the private sector will need not just targets, but a binding and effective framework of policy commitments. Establishing a global market for carbon trading would be one element in this, together with adequately funded arrangements to s ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Most studies are conducted at the national level with survey questions focused on individual-level perceptions of the cause, occurrence, and impacts of climate change. While these studies have added greatly to our understanding of public attitudes toward climate change in the United States, they typ ...
... Most studies are conducted at the national level with survey questions focused on individual-level perceptions of the cause, occurrence, and impacts of climate change. While these studies have added greatly to our understanding of public attitudes toward climate change in the United States, they typ ...
Climate Change and College Students
... thinking astray on the issue of global climate change, such as the distinction between weather and climate (Lombardi and Sinatra 2010). As an example, when students are asked about their views on climate change, they often recall from their personal experience very cold periods and use their recolle ...
... thinking astray on the issue of global climate change, such as the distinction between weather and climate (Lombardi and Sinatra 2010). As an example, when students are asked about their views on climate change, they often recall from their personal experience very cold periods and use their recolle ...
IELRC.ORG - Cultural Legitimacy and Regulatory Transitions for
... greater increases. Additionally, governments’ public provision in services such as health, water, food and others are highly dependent on geographic location. Consequently, coping with climate change impacts will depend on the nations in which citizens find themselves. For example, the ability of th ...
... greater increases. Additionally, governments’ public provision in services such as health, water, food and others are highly dependent on geographic location. Consequently, coping with climate change impacts will depend on the nations in which citizens find themselves. For example, the ability of th ...
Projections of Future Climate Change
... climate change experiments, factors that contribute to the response of those models, changes in variability and changes in extremes. Section 9.4 is a synthesis of our assessment of model projections of climate change. In a departure from the organisation of the SAR, the assessment of regional inform ...
... climate change experiments, factors that contribute to the response of those models, changes in variability and changes in extremes. Section 9.4 is a synthesis of our assessment of model projections of climate change. In a departure from the organisation of the SAR, the assessment of regional inform ...
Tree-Ring Amplification of the Early Nineteenth
... growth (Fritts 1976) and the method of tree-ring standardization used to ‘‘detrend’’ raw measurements (Melvin and Briffa 2008, 2014). Different detrending techniques can dramatically affect the properties of a chronology through their ability to preserve or remove specific frequency bands from a tim ...
... growth (Fritts 1976) and the method of tree-ring standardization used to ‘‘detrend’’ raw measurements (Melvin and Briffa 2008, 2014). Different detrending techniques can dramatically affect the properties of a chronology through their ability to preserve or remove specific frequency bands from a tim ...
Antarctic nematode communities: observed and predicted
... cover has a strong influence on nematode community composition at least when compared with those found in bare soils (Convey 2003b; Yergeau et al. 2007). This is similar to the patterns observed in other ecosystem types. Overall, the nematode communities of Antarctica are considered simple with few ...
... cover has a strong influence on nematode community composition at least when compared with those found in bare soils (Convey 2003b; Yergeau et al. 2007). This is similar to the patterns observed in other ecosystem types. Overall, the nematode communities of Antarctica are considered simple with few ...
Extension Agents` Awareness of Climate Change in
... adaptation best suited for this study is given by Pielke (1998, 159) as ‘the adjustment in individual, group and institutional behaviour in order to reduce society’s vulnerabilities to climate’. Agrawal (2008) stresses that how people respond to the impacts of climate change and variability often de ...
... adaptation best suited for this study is given by Pielke (1998, 159) as ‘the adjustment in individual, group and institutional behaviour in order to reduce society’s vulnerabilities to climate’. Agrawal (2008) stresses that how people respond to the impacts of climate change and variability often de ...
Effects of Climate Change on
... The model simulations were run for a five-year hypothetical period, using the records for “typical conditions” and “post climate change conditions”. Simulated average algal biomasses were recorded for the last two growing seasons (April–September) and presented in the most commonly used indication f ...
... The model simulations were run for a five-year hypothetical period, using the records for “typical conditions” and “post climate change conditions”. Simulated average algal biomasses were recorded for the last two growing seasons (April–September) and presented in the most commonly used indication f ...
Federal Climate Change Funding from FY2008 to FY2014
... 2008 through 2013 for climate change activities. The large majority—more than 75%—funded technology development and deployment, mostly through the Department of Energy (DOE). More than one-third of the identified funding during this period was appropriated in the American Recovery and Reinvestment A ...
... 2008 through 2013 for climate change activities. The large majority—more than 75%—funded technology development and deployment, mostly through the Department of Energy (DOE). More than one-third of the identified funding during this period was appropriated in the American Recovery and Reinvestment A ...
From obscurity to action - Liu Institute for Global Issues
... Wrong. An unprecedented consensus now exists among the world’s leading climate scientists. They agree that the climate is changing in dramatic ways, that no region of the world is untouched, and that human activity is the principal contributor to increased concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, ...
... Wrong. An unprecedented consensus now exists among the world’s leading climate scientists. They agree that the climate is changing in dramatic ways, that no region of the world is untouched, and that human activity is the principal contributor to increased concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""