PDF
... subjective assessments individuals develop under uncertainty with available data through a formal learning algorithm, so that probabilities initially assigned on the basis of individual experience and knowledge can be revised and improved when new data becomes available. The updating process, based ...
... subjective assessments individuals develop under uncertainty with available data through a formal learning algorithm, so that probabilities initially assigned on the basis of individual experience and knowledge can be revised and improved when new data becomes available. The updating process, based ...
Climate: Observations, projections and impacts: South Korea
... Between 1960 and 2003, warm days and nights have become more frequent while cool days and nights have become less frequent across the region. There has been a general increase in summer temperatures averaged over the country as a result of human influence on climate, making the occurrence of warm su ...
... Between 1960 and 2003, warm days and nights have become more frequent while cool days and nights have become less frequent across the region. There has been a general increase in summer temperatures averaged over the country as a result of human influence on climate, making the occurrence of warm su ...
Science Communication - Hubert H. Humphrey Fellowship Program
... colleagues from other beats. This could be criticized as “beat parochialism” (Sigal, 1973, p. 47). At the same time, more experienced and specialized reporters know more about their topics (Wilson, 2000). Thus, beat parochialism and better informed reporting seem to be two sides of the same coin and ...
... colleagues from other beats. This could be criticized as “beat parochialism” (Sigal, 1973, p. 47). At the same time, more experienced and specialized reporters know more about their topics (Wilson, 2000). Thus, beat parochialism and better informed reporting seem to be two sides of the same coin and ...
climate futures responses to climate change in 2030 October 2008
... Climate Futures explores different possible responses we could see to climate change in the years to 2030: five different scenarios, all very different from today and all dealing with climate change in radically different ways. Which is the most likely future? We don’t know, but we think that all ar ...
... Climate Futures explores different possible responses we could see to climate change in the years to 2030: five different scenarios, all very different from today and all dealing with climate change in radically different ways. Which is the most likely future? We don’t know, but we think that all ar ...
responses to climate change in 2030
... Climate Futures explores different possible responses we could see to climate change in the years to 2030: five different scenarios, all very different from today and all dealing with climate change in radically different ways. Which is the most likely future? We don’t know, but we think that all ar ...
... Climate Futures explores different possible responses we could see to climate change in the years to 2030: five different scenarios, all very different from today and all dealing with climate change in radically different ways. Which is the most likely future? We don’t know, but we think that all ar ...
Ecosystem Carbon Storage Across the Grassland–Forest Transition
... altitude, the puna was replaced by a transition zone of 0.5–2.0 m high shrubs of genera including the dominants Baccharis (Asteraceae), Hypericum (Hypericaceae), Lycopodium (Lycopodiaceae), Hesperomeles (Rosaceae), Brachyotum (Melastomataceae), and Escallonia (Escalloniaceae). The shrubs had an aver ...
... altitude, the puna was replaced by a transition zone of 0.5–2.0 m high shrubs of genera including the dominants Baccharis (Asteraceae), Hypericum (Hypericaceae), Lycopodium (Lycopodiaceae), Hesperomeles (Rosaceae), Brachyotum (Melastomataceae), and Escallonia (Escalloniaceae). The shrubs had an aver ...
PDD W P
... The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development was adopted as United Nations General Assembly resolution A/RES/70/1 in 2015 and its Goal 13 recognizes that taking urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts is one of the key measures to transform our world and achieve sustainable development ...
... The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development was adopted as United Nations General Assembly resolution A/RES/70/1 in 2015 and its Goal 13 recognizes that taking urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts is one of the key measures to transform our world and achieve sustainable development ...
Common Misconceptions in the Climate Change Debate
... other Annex 1 countries. A little thought reveals that in fact the opposite is more likely to be the case. In determining the cost of emission reductions, the key test is not the relative amount of fossil fuel burnt but how efficiently a country burns it. As an economy reduces its emissions it will ...
... other Annex 1 countries. A little thought reveals that in fact the opposite is more likely to be the case. In determining the cost of emission reductions, the key test is not the relative amount of fossil fuel burnt but how efficiently a country burns it. As an economy reduces its emissions it will ...
the tambora project: an atmospheric simulation
... on the impact of the Tambora eruption in Asia, both scientific and historical, are very limited. The existing scientific studies of the Tambora eruption, to be discussed later, have limitations in the modeling tools used and in the extent they consider relevant physical and chemical processes. The o ...
... on the impact of the Tambora eruption in Asia, both scientific and historical, are very limited. The existing scientific studies of the Tambora eruption, to be discussed later, have limitations in the modeling tools used and in the extent they consider relevant physical and chemical processes. The o ...
National Security Accelerating Risks of Climate Change
... the challenges associated with projected climate change. Strengthening resilience to climate impacts already locked into the system is critical, but this will reduce long-term risk only if improvements in resilience are accompanied by actionable agreements on ways to stabilize climate change. Scient ...
... the challenges associated with projected climate change. Strengthening resilience to climate impacts already locked into the system is critical, but this will reduce long-term risk only if improvements in resilience are accompanied by actionable agreements on ways to stabilize climate change. Scient ...
Document
... The frequency of circulation types over the Alpine region is explored using 20 different global and regional climate model chains. The projected changes in these circulation types are investigated for the 21st century using the SRES A1B scenario. The multi-model approach relies on the climate models ...
... The frequency of circulation types over the Alpine region is explored using 20 different global and regional climate model chains. The projected changes in these circulation types are investigated for the 21st century using the SRES A1B scenario. The multi-model approach relies on the climate models ...
Word - Council of Europe
... biodiversity/ecosystems in climate change adaptation, and the role of biodiversity and ecosystems in climate change mitigation. Their current work includes a project on the impacts of climate change on Natura 2000 sites; work for the CBD AHTEG on Biodiversity and Climate Change, including scientific ...
... biodiversity/ecosystems in climate change adaptation, and the role of biodiversity and ecosystems in climate change mitigation. Their current work includes a project on the impacts of climate change on Natura 2000 sites; work for the CBD AHTEG on Biodiversity and Climate Change, including scientific ...
Ice Core Proxy Methods for Tracking Climate Change
... Since the Industrial Revolution, the study of climate change has become increasingly important due to the likely influence of human activities. Volumes of evidence clearly depict retreating glaciers, and rising global average temperatures supporting the idea that the anthropogenic effect is happenin ...
... Since the Industrial Revolution, the study of climate change has become increasingly important due to the likely influence of human activities. Volumes of evidence clearly depict retreating glaciers, and rising global average temperatures supporting the idea that the anthropogenic effect is happenin ...
Supplement
... NOx emissions and associated impacts on tropospheric ozone under climate change in these simulations. Inserted (P5, L25-27): "Emissions of NOx from lightning (LNOx) are parameterised as a function of cloud-top height (Price and Rind, 1992, 1994) and thus, can vary with changes in convection (Banerje ...
... NOx emissions and associated impacts on tropospheric ozone under climate change in these simulations. Inserted (P5, L25-27): "Emissions of NOx from lightning (LNOx) are parameterised as a function of cloud-top height (Price and Rind, 1992, 1994) and thus, can vary with changes in convection (Banerje ...
REPORT CARD Sea-Level Rise 2012
... Lambeck et al 2004, Stanford et al 2010). This is the period when human populations started to grow and societies developed. Increases in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere during and since the 19th century, caused primarily by human-induced emissions, have contributed substantially to warming of th ...
... Lambeck et al 2004, Stanford et al 2010). This is the period when human populations started to grow and societies developed. Increases in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere during and since the 19th century, caused primarily by human-induced emissions, have contributed substantially to warming of th ...
a 2017 national survey of broadcast meteorologists
... management responds, or was expected to respond, to their reporting on climate change. About one quarter (27%) felt they get or would get few reactions either way. About two in ten (22%) felt they get or would get predominantly positive reactions from management. Another two in ten (21%) felt the fe ...
... management responds, or was expected to respond, to their reporting on climate change. About one quarter (27%) felt they get or would get few reactions either way. About two in ten (22%) felt they get or would get predominantly positive reactions from management. Another two in ten (21%) felt the fe ...
PDF Full Publication in PDF Format
... highest expected per capita income in 2100. Figure 2 shows the global mean temperature over the 21st century. It is assumed to rise from 0.8 ºC to 3.1-3.7ºC over the course of the century. The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide is highest in the A2 scenario but so are sulphur emissions; the ...
... highest expected per capita income in 2100. Figure 2 shows the global mean temperature over the 21st century. It is assumed to rise from 0.8 ºC to 3.1-3.7ºC over the course of the century. The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide is highest in the A2 scenario but so are sulphur emissions; the ...
Effects of land use/land cover and climate changes on surface runoff
... and semi-arid regions. The impacts of LULC and climate changes on water resources must be assessed in these areas. However, conflicting results regarding the effects of LULC and climate changes on runoff have been reported in relatively large basins, such as the Jinghe River basin (JRB), which is a ...
... and semi-arid regions. The impacts of LULC and climate changes on water resources must be assessed in these areas. However, conflicting results regarding the effects of LULC and climate changes on runoff have been reported in relatively large basins, such as the Jinghe River basin (JRB), which is a ...
Introduction. Pliocene climate, processes and problems
... Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AB, UK ...
... Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AB, UK ...
REPUBLIC REPUBLIC OF NAURU
... appeared on the world scene. Being Being one of the smaller low lying island nations it is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change including sea level rise. ...
... appeared on the world scene. Being Being one of the smaller low lying island nations it is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change including sea level rise. ...
2. Scope of a possible GMES Climate Change Contribution
... also apply to forward-looking studies. However, there will be limitations on some of the aspects, due to limitations in both global and downscaled regional climate change models. There are various causes of uncertainties including incomplete understanding of the physical, chemical and biological pro ...
... also apply to forward-looking studies. However, there will be limitations on some of the aspects, due to limitations in both global and downscaled regional climate change models. There are various causes of uncertainties including incomplete understanding of the physical, chemical and biological pro ...
Assessment of potential climate change impacts on
... by almost 20% by 2050, and up to 43% by 2080 in the absence of a CO2 fertilization effect, but with CO2 fertilization modeled, the expansion of Desert in 2080 is reduced from 43% to just under 30%. Changes in species richness and community composition are projected to be substantial in Namibia (base ...
... by almost 20% by 2050, and up to 43% by 2080 in the absence of a CO2 fertilization effect, but with CO2 fertilization modeled, the expansion of Desert in 2080 is reduced from 43% to just under 30%. Changes in species richness and community composition are projected to be substantial in Namibia (base ...
Overall scientific concept with short-term and long
... Overall scientific concept with short-term and long-term goals With the onset of industrialization, humans began adding significantly to the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases, in particular through carbon dioxide emissions resulting from burning fossil fuels. Anthropogenic climate change ...
... Overall scientific concept with short-term and long-term goals With the onset of industrialization, humans began adding significantly to the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases, in particular through carbon dioxide emissions resulting from burning fossil fuels. Anthropogenic climate change ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""