climate change
... Migration is very complex to understand and always has a big impact. It can be successful when individuals and communities use migration to increase their resilience. Successful migration can be considered a necessary and positive adaptation strategy. However, migration, and in particular forced dis ...
... Migration is very complex to understand and always has a big impact. It can be successful when individuals and communities use migration to increase their resilience. Successful migration can be considered a necessary and positive adaptation strategy. However, migration, and in particular forced dis ...
Climate change and the northern Russian treeline zone
... the availability of nitrogen and decrease growth. Shading by trees can accentuate soil cooling and serve as a negative feedback to forest development on cold sites. Prolonged minimum temperatures greater than 68C are generally required for bud formation and other aspects of reproductive development. ...
... the availability of nitrogen and decrease growth. Shading by trees can accentuate soil cooling and serve as a negative feedback to forest development on cold sites. Prolonged minimum temperatures greater than 68C are generally required for bud formation and other aspects of reproductive development. ...
Latin America
... a result of climate change (Rosenzweig et al., 1993) could lead to an increased risk of hunger for an additional 50 million people by the year 2050. Because most Latin American countries’ economies depend on agricultural productivity, the issue of regional variation in crop yields is very relevant f ...
... a result of climate change (Rosenzweig et al., 1993) could lead to an increased risk of hunger for an additional 50 million people by the year 2050. Because most Latin American countries’ economies depend on agricultural productivity, the issue of regional variation in crop yields is very relevant f ...
Business Plan - Central Victorian Greenhouse Alliance
... This publication may be of assistance to you, but the Central Victorian Greenhouse Alliance does not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequences which ...
... This publication may be of assistance to you, but the Central Victorian Greenhouse Alliance does not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequences which ...
Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Coastal Zone Management
... which depend on a healthy coastal environment. Policies to reduce greenhouse gases could lead to the development of alternative renewable energy sources some of which could be generated along the coast from tides, waves or wind. Much of the nation’s coastal resources have already been destroyed, dam ...
... which depend on a healthy coastal environment. Policies to reduce greenhouse gases could lead to the development of alternative renewable energy sources some of which could be generated along the coast from tides, waves or wind. Much of the nation’s coastal resources have already been destroyed, dam ...
onp_draft_112011 - University of Washington
... requiring a culvert to cross water, are at an increasing risk of inundation damage as future flooding intensifies. Any road infrastructure in disrepair near streams and rivers also threatens to impair the habitat of aquatic animals, including fish listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Two f ...
... requiring a culvert to cross water, are at an increasing risk of inundation damage as future flooding intensifies. Any road infrastructure in disrepair near streams and rivers also threatens to impair the habitat of aquatic animals, including fish listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Two f ...
CLIMATE CHANGE MONITORING REPORT 2013
... extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century. AR5 presented future climate change projections and assessed that it is virtually certain that there will be more frequent hot and fewer cold temperature extremes over most land area ...
... extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century. AR5 presented future climate change projections and assessed that it is virtually certain that there will be more frequent hot and fewer cold temperature extremes over most land area ...
Integrating biophysical models and evolutionary theory to
... and a 3600 L rainwater tank (cistern) 150 × 175 cm (height × diameter). Each container type received the mean monthly rainfall, spread evenly across each day of the month, with the rainwater tank receiving additional runoff (10 × monthly rainfall) as well as a daily 20 L drawdown. The top of the buc ...
... and a 3600 L rainwater tank (cistern) 150 × 175 cm (height × diameter). Each container type received the mean monthly rainfall, spread evenly across each day of the month, with the rainwater tank receiving additional runoff (10 × monthly rainfall) as well as a daily 20 L drawdown. The top of the buc ...
Sea-level Rise Projections
... sinking of the land since Earth’s crust is still adjusting to the melting of large masses of ice following the last glacial period. Over the 20th century, however, the rate of rise of the average level of tidal waters with respect to land, or relative sea-level rise, has increased, at least partiall ...
... sinking of the land since Earth’s crust is still adjusting to the melting of large masses of ice following the last glacial period. Over the 20th century, however, the rate of rise of the average level of tidal waters with respect to land, or relative sea-level rise, has increased, at least partiall ...
Bias corrections of global models for regional climate simulations
... NRCM: zonal and meridional wind, geopotential height, temperature, relative humidity, sea surface temperature and mean sea level pressure. ...
... NRCM: zonal and meridional wind, geopotential height, temperature, relative humidity, sea surface temperature and mean sea level pressure. ...
Integrating biophysical models and evolutionary theory
... and a 3600 L rainwater tank (cistern) 150 × 175 cm (height × diameter). Each container type received the mean monthly rainfall, spread evenly across each day of the month, with the rainwater tank receiving additional runoff (10 × monthly rainfall) as well as a daily 20 L drawdown. The top of the buc ...
... and a 3600 L rainwater tank (cistern) 150 × 175 cm (height × diameter). Each container type received the mean monthly rainfall, spread evenly across each day of the month, with the rainwater tank receiving additional runoff (10 × monthly rainfall) as well as a daily 20 L drawdown. The top of the buc ...
Peru-Chile upwelling dynamics under climate change - HAL-Insu
... Undercurrent, hereafter PCUC) was enhanced and the equatorward surface coastal Peru-Chile current (hereafter PCC) became thinner, resulting in an increased vertical shear and mesoscale turbulence. Upwelling decreased during austral summer and slightly intensified during winter. Off Chile, upwelling i ...
... Undercurrent, hereafter PCUC) was enhanced and the equatorward surface coastal Peru-Chile current (hereafter PCC) became thinner, resulting in an increased vertical shear and mesoscale turbulence. Upwelling decreased during austral summer and slightly intensified during winter. Off Chile, upwelling i ...
Climate policy under sustainable discounted utilitarianism
... of (i) removing sensitivity to the interests of the present if the present is better off than the future and (ii) relaxing to the set of non-decreasing streams the property that the trade-off between wellbeing in the first two periods be separable from the remainder of the stream. Regarding (i), th ...
... of (i) removing sensitivity to the interests of the present if the present is better off than the future and (ii) relaxing to the set of non-decreasing streams the property that the trade-off between wellbeing in the first two periods be separable from the remainder of the stream. Regarding (i), th ...
PDF format
... • Widespread ice tends to lower global temperatures by increasing Earth's reflectivity. • CO2 from outgassing will build up if oceans are frozen, ultimately raising global temperatures again. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... • Widespread ice tends to lower global temperatures by increasing Earth's reflectivity. • CO2 from outgassing will build up if oceans are frozen, ultimately raising global temperatures again. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Efficient Adaptation to Climate Change
... could switch to fruits and vegetables. Farms in the warmest fruit and vegetable regions could look for subtropical crops. These efficient adaptations would reduce the damages that would otherwise take place. If farmers continued to grow the same crop even in the warmer climate, many of them could su ...
... could switch to fruits and vegetables. Farms in the warmest fruit and vegetable regions could look for subtropical crops. These efficient adaptations would reduce the damages that would otherwise take place. If farmers continued to grow the same crop even in the warmer climate, many of them could su ...
Quantifying climate change induced effects upon glaciers and their
... environment (aquatic ecosystems) (UNEP/WHO, 1996). The importance of the assessment of water quality is therefore established by the need of the end-user; given the projections up to 2050 that alpine glaciers will be shrinking (Beniston et al., 2014), it is vital to find a predictive model where the ...
... environment (aquatic ecosystems) (UNEP/WHO, 1996). The importance of the assessment of water quality is therefore established by the need of the end-user; given the projections up to 2050 that alpine glaciers will be shrinking (Beniston et al., 2014), it is vital to find a predictive model where the ...
PDF, 176 KB - Global Change System for Analysis, Research and
... surveys and field reports. While composite indices and other methods of aggregation or disaggregation capture the multi-dimensionality of vulnerability in a comprehensible form, they are still unable to capture the direct linkages between local, national, and global processes (Dow 1992; Wilbanks and ...
... surveys and field reports. While composite indices and other methods of aggregation or disaggregation capture the multi-dimensionality of vulnerability in a comprehensible form, they are still unable to capture the direct linkages between local, national, and global processes (Dow 1992; Wilbanks and ...
PDF
... appropriate weather factors affecting crop growth. In the literature, temperature and precipitation have been demonstrated to have significant impacts on crop yields. Agronomically, high temperature would affect soil moisture levels which could decrease crop yields if irrigation water supply is not ...
... appropriate weather factors affecting crop growth. In the literature, temperature and precipitation have been demonstrated to have significant impacts on crop yields. Agronomically, high temperature would affect soil moisture levels which could decrease crop yields if irrigation water supply is not ...
Faith Based Statements on Climate Change
... problems are exacerbated by deforestation; Guatemala loses 73,000 hectares of forest a year, he said. Guatemala's 14 million people emit 1 ton of carbon dioxide per person per year, in contrast to the 310 million Americans who emit 20.5 tons of carbon dioxide per person. Still, he explained, Guatema ...
... problems are exacerbated by deforestation; Guatemala loses 73,000 hectares of forest a year, he said. Guatemala's 14 million people emit 1 ton of carbon dioxide per person per year, in contrast to the 310 million Americans who emit 20.5 tons of carbon dioxide per person. Still, he explained, Guatema ...
flying blind: navigating climate change without the
... agriculture, and these are likely to grow in the future. CSIRO and BoM estimate that the long term average (1961-1990) number of days over 35°C may increase from 10 days at present in Melbourne to 12-26 days by 2070. Adelaide will go from 18 days over 35°C to 24-47 days by 2070, while Canberra will ...
... agriculture, and these are likely to grow in the future. CSIRO and BoM estimate that the long term average (1961-1990) number of days over 35°C may increase from 10 days at present in Melbourne to 12-26 days by 2070. Adelaide will go from 18 days over 35°C to 24-47 days by 2070, while Canberra will ...
Frontline Communities lead the Climate JustiCe Fight Beyond the
... of these trading schemes is to create a market for emission credits that allows polluters to continue releasing greenhouse gasses if they can produce a certificate attesting that they have contributed toward preventing a similar amount of emissions elsewhere, and thus avoid taking action against bur ...
... of these trading schemes is to create a market for emission credits that allows polluters to continue releasing greenhouse gasses if they can produce a certificate attesting that they have contributed toward preventing a similar amount of emissions elsewhere, and thus avoid taking action against bur ...
What is this thing called `natural`? The nature
... understanding, and in order to protect biodiversity, wild nature and coherent green areas are highlighted. Rich biodiversity is thus framed as a favorable state that is threatened by human agency. Although value-laden and normative, the biodiversity concept is also closely connected to science and s ...
... understanding, and in order to protect biodiversity, wild nature and coherent green areas are highlighted. Rich biodiversity is thus framed as a favorable state that is threatened by human agency. Although value-laden and normative, the biodiversity concept is also closely connected to science and s ...
PDF - Climate Diplomacy
... designs and assumptions that underlie statistical studies. This problem is compounded by the selective use of statistical evidence to promote particular policies. On the other hand, and partly in reaction to the above, there is at times exaggerated scepticism vis-à-vis quantitative methods, which, l ...
... designs and assumptions that underlie statistical studies. This problem is compounded by the selective use of statistical evidence to promote particular policies. On the other hand, and partly in reaction to the above, there is at times exaggerated scepticism vis-à-vis quantitative methods, which, l ...
A Climate of Concern: Climate Change and Health Strategy
... Toronto’s Health in a Changing Climate The evidence is clear, and it has been for some time. Climate change is a reality and it is already having an impact on our health. Whether our focus is on the creeping effects of gradual climate change or the unexpected and often violent effects of severe wea ...
... Toronto’s Health in a Changing Climate The evidence is clear, and it has been for some time. Climate change is a reality and it is already having an impact on our health. Whether our focus is on the creeping effects of gradual climate change or the unexpected and often violent effects of severe wea ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""