Individual consumers and climate change: searching for a new moral compass - Working Paper 81 (358 kB) (opens in new window)
... perception of moral problems (Section 5). There is rather less literature on the ethics of collective action problems, with most of the focus being on the attribution of responsibility (discussed in Section 6). Although some of these complex issues are still under debate, there is at least a conside ...
... perception of moral problems (Section 5). There is rather less literature on the ethics of collective action problems, with most of the focus being on the attribution of responsibility (discussed in Section 6). Although some of these complex issues are still under debate, there is at least a conside ...
to view Design and Implementation of a Climate Change Adaptation
... “Actions taken to help communities and ecosystems cope with changing climate condition” (UNFCCC). “Adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities” (IPCC) “A process by which .strate ...
... “Actions taken to help communities and ecosystems cope with changing climate condition” (UNFCCC). “Adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities” (IPCC) “A process by which .strate ...
Antarctic nematode communities: observed and predicted
... cover has a strong influence on nematode community composition at least when compared with those found in bare soils (Convey 2003b; Yergeau et al. 2007). This is similar to the patterns observed in other ecosystem types. Overall, the nematode communities of Antarctica are considered simple with few ...
... cover has a strong influence on nematode community composition at least when compared with those found in bare soils (Convey 2003b; Yergeau et al. 2007). This is similar to the patterns observed in other ecosystem types. Overall, the nematode communities of Antarctica are considered simple with few ...
Extension Agents` Awareness of Climate Change in
... adaptation best suited for this study is given by Pielke (1998, 159) as ‘the adjustment in individual, group and institutional behaviour in order to reduce society’s vulnerabilities to climate’. Agrawal (2008) stresses that how people respond to the impacts of climate change and variability often de ...
... adaptation best suited for this study is given by Pielke (1998, 159) as ‘the adjustment in individual, group and institutional behaviour in order to reduce society’s vulnerabilities to climate’. Agrawal (2008) stresses that how people respond to the impacts of climate change and variability often de ...
Effects of Climate Change on
... The model simulations were run for a five-year hypothetical period, using the records for “typical conditions” and “post climate change conditions”. Simulated average algal biomasses were recorded for the last two growing seasons (April–September) and presented in the most commonly used indication f ...
... The model simulations were run for a five-year hypothetical period, using the records for “typical conditions” and “post climate change conditions”. Simulated average algal biomasses were recorded for the last two growing seasons (April–September) and presented in the most commonly used indication f ...
From obscurity to action - Liu Institute for Global Issues
... Wrong. An unprecedented consensus now exists among the world’s leading climate scientists. They agree that the climate is changing in dramatic ways, that no region of the world is untouched, and that human activity is the principal contributor to increased concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, ...
... Wrong. An unprecedented consensus now exists among the world’s leading climate scientists. They agree that the climate is changing in dramatic ways, that no region of the world is untouched, and that human activity is the principal contributor to increased concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, ...
Federal Climate Change Funding from FY2008 to FY2014
... 2008 through 2013 for climate change activities. The large majority—more than 75%—funded technology development and deployment, mostly through the Department of Energy (DOE). More than one-third of the identified funding during this period was appropriated in the American Recovery and Reinvestment A ...
... 2008 through 2013 for climate change activities. The large majority—more than 75%—funded technology development and deployment, mostly through the Department of Energy (DOE). More than one-third of the identified funding during this period was appropriated in the American Recovery and Reinvestment A ...
pdf
... Climatic Data Center (NCDC) United States Historical Climatology Network (USHCN), Version 2 (Menne et al., 2009). The 10th percentile, 25th percentile, 75th percentile, and 90th percentile values from model-based outcomes across the GCMs and Representative Concentration Pathways are shown. Decimal p ...
... Climatic Data Center (NCDC) United States Historical Climatology Network (USHCN), Version 2 (Menne et al., 2009). The 10th percentile, 25th percentile, 75th percentile, and 90th percentile values from model-based outcomes across the GCMs and Representative Concentration Pathways are shown. Decimal p ...
On the hydrOlOgical cycle Of the amazOn Basin: a histOrical
... to precipitation in that same region. The recycling rate is a diagnostic measure of the potential for interactions between land surface hydrology and regional climate. The recycling of local evaporation and precipitation by the forest accounts for a sizable portion of the regional water budget, and ...
... to precipitation in that same region. The recycling rate is a diagnostic measure of the potential for interactions between land surface hydrology and regional climate. The recycling of local evaporation and precipitation by the forest accounts for a sizable portion of the regional water budget, and ...
Responses of Marine Organisms to Climate Change
... profound changes in the physical and chemical properties of the ocean that have serious implications for marine species, with concomitant risks to marine industries dependent on those species (Hartmann et al., 2013; Rhein et al., 2013; Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2014; Pörtner et al., 2014). The global o ...
... profound changes in the physical and chemical properties of the ocean that have serious implications for marine species, with concomitant risks to marine industries dependent on those species (Hartmann et al., 2013; Rhein et al., 2013; Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2014; Pörtner et al., 2014). The global o ...
GEOGRAPHY
... XX cc.) and current satellite images. The forest distribution within the Central Russian Upland has been relatively stable during the last 220 years. On average, the decrease in the forested area was small. However, we identified significant changes in certain regions. In the southern part of CRU, t ...
... XX cc.) and current satellite images. The forest distribution within the Central Russian Upland has been relatively stable during the last 220 years. On average, the decrease in the forested area was small. However, we identified significant changes in certain regions. In the southern part of CRU, t ...
Responses of Marine Organisms to Climate Change across Oceans
... profound changes in the physical and chemical properties of the ocean that have serious implications for marine species, with concomitant risks to marine industries dependent on those species (Hartmann et al., 2013; Rhein et al., 2013; Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2014; Pörtner et al., 2014). The global o ...
... profound changes in the physical and chemical properties of the ocean that have serious implications for marine species, with concomitant risks to marine industries dependent on those species (Hartmann et al., 2013; Rhein et al., 2013; Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2014; Pörtner et al., 2014). The global o ...
The social cost of carbon: Valuation estimates and
... ‘true’ value of impacts in the models, but also uncertainty about impacts that have not yet been quantified and valued. An immediate conclusion is that the SCC values in the literature are therefore a sub-total of the full SCC – though we do not know by how much (because the probability and conseque ...
... ‘true’ value of impacts in the models, but also uncertainty about impacts that have not yet been quantified and valued. An immediate conclusion is that the SCC values in the literature are therefore a sub-total of the full SCC – though we do not know by how much (because the probability and conseque ...
A Teacher`s Guide for the Video Sila Alangotok— Inuit Observations
... shift in climate zones may affect the distribution of plant and animal species. Globally, a rise in sea level, which will threaten coastal cities and settlements all over the world, is possible. Another disturbing consequence of anthropogenic (human-caused) climate change is that it may permanently ...
... shift in climate zones may affect the distribution of plant and animal species. Globally, a rise in sea level, which will threaten coastal cities and settlements all over the world, is possible. Another disturbing consequence of anthropogenic (human-caused) climate change is that it may permanently ...
Global late Quaternary megafauna extinctions linked to humans, not
... Climate change, hominin palaeobiogeography and hominin–climate combination models were constructed and compared to determine which predictor variables best describe the recorded regional extinction ratios. As velocity is calculated using climate change anomaly to avoid problems with collinearity, pa ...
... Climate change, hominin palaeobiogeography and hominin–climate combination models were constructed and compared to determine which predictor variables best describe the recorded regional extinction ratios. As velocity is calculated using climate change anomaly to avoid problems with collinearity, pa ...
The Impact of Decentralization and Urban Governance on
... other hand, in a federal government structure, in India and Malaysia, states or provinces can be quite powerful and are usually responsible for overseeing the functions of local governments, both urban and rural. Countries like East Timor, Nepal and Myanmar are going through a critical transition ph ...
... other hand, in a federal government structure, in India and Malaysia, states or provinces can be quite powerful and are usually responsible for overseeing the functions of local governments, both urban and rural. Countries like East Timor, Nepal and Myanmar are going through a critical transition ph ...
PRACTICE TEST 13
... effect, by which the heat of the sun is trapped. This leads to the warming up of the planet. Politicians are also concerned about climate change and there are now regular summits on the subject, attended by representatives from around 180 of the world’s industrialized countries. Of these summits, th ...
... effect, by which the heat of the sun is trapped. This leads to the warming up of the planet. Politicians are also concerned about climate change and there are now regular summits on the subject, attended by representatives from around 180 of the world’s industrialized countries. Of these summits, th ...
Global late Quaternary megafauna extinctions linked to humans, not
... Climate change, hominin palaeobiogeography and hominin–climate combination models were constructed and compared to determine which predictor variables best describe the recorded regional extinction ratios. As velocity is calculated using climate change anomaly to avoid problems with collinearity, pa ...
... Climate change, hominin palaeobiogeography and hominin–climate combination models were constructed and compared to determine which predictor variables best describe the recorded regional extinction ratios. As velocity is calculated using climate change anomaly to avoid problems with collinearity, pa ...
The carbon jigsaw AccountAncy futures
... available to them for each phase overall. Under the EU allocation plans, Member States currently allocate the majority of emission allowances free of charge to participants, with the remaining minority auctioned in the marketplace. During the current commitment period (2008–12), Member States are al ...
... available to them for each phase overall. Under the EU allocation plans, Member States currently allocate the majority of emission allowances free of charge to participants, with the remaining minority auctioned in the marketplace. During the current commitment period (2008–12), Member States are al ...
Managing Coastal Vulnerability under Climate Change
... Precipitation is substantially affected by the warming of Earth’s atmosphere and ocean. Warmer temperatures increase evaporation from ocean and land surfaces, resulting in increased precipitation elsewhere to balance the water cycle (39). IPCC projections indicate increased precipitation along the e ...
... Precipitation is substantially affected by the warming of Earth’s atmosphere and ocean. Warmer temperatures increase evaporation from ocean and land surfaces, resulting in increased precipitation elsewhere to balance the water cycle (39). IPCC projections indicate increased precipitation along the e ...
Transitions in climate and energy discourse between Hurricanes Katrina and... Emily M. Cody, Jennie C. Stephens, James P. Bagrow,
... intense extreme weather events, result from increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases attributed primarily to fossil fuel burning for energy. Given probable links between the increasing ocean temperature and the severity and frequency of hurricanes and tropical storms [14, 19, 27], ex ...
... intense extreme weather events, result from increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases attributed primarily to fossil fuel burning for energy. Given probable links between the increasing ocean temperature and the severity and frequency of hurricanes and tropical storms [14, 19, 27], ex ...
b i5607e
... climate, farmers may alter their use of inputs including fertilizers, change their mix of crops, or even decide to use their farmland for another activity (e.g., a housing complex). Since many smallholder farmers in SSA in general and Uganda in particular view climate/weather variability as a primar ...
... climate, farmers may alter their use of inputs including fertilizers, change their mix of crops, or even decide to use their farmland for another activity (e.g., a housing complex). Since many smallholder farmers in SSA in general and Uganda in particular view climate/weather variability as a primar ...
A severe centennial-scale drought in mid
... to more distal sources of moisture, consistent with drought climatology (Woodhouse and Overpeck, 1998). A pollen record from alluvial sediments in the same region shows a brief spike in Ambrosia (ragweed) and corresponding decrease in Quercus (oak) (Baker et al., 2002), indicating transient drought. ...
... to more distal sources of moisture, consistent with drought climatology (Woodhouse and Overpeck, 1998). A pollen record from alluvial sediments in the same region shows a brief spike in Ambrosia (ragweed) and corresponding decrease in Quercus (oak) (Baker et al., 2002), indicating transient drought. ...
Impact of extreme weather on critical infrastructure Deliverable D2.1
... drought or icing, is one of the most demanding challenges for both government and society. Extreme Weather (EW) is a phenomenon that causes severe threats to the well-functioning of CI. The effects of various levels of EW on CI will vary throughout Europe. These effects are witnessed through changes ...
... drought or icing, is one of the most demanding challenges for both government and society. Extreme Weather (EW) is a phenomenon that causes severe threats to the well-functioning of CI. The effects of various levels of EW on CI will vary throughout Europe. These effects are witnessed through changes ...
Evaluation, characterization, and communication of uncertainty by
... distributions, even in the many cases where the literature describes such outcomes only as “not implausible”; but it must be recognized that this puts an extra burden on IPCC authors. They must attempt to view the world through the prism of decision makers, taking into consideration at least the bro ...
... distributions, even in the many cases where the literature describes such outcomes only as “not implausible”; but it must be recognized that this puts an extra burden on IPCC authors. They must attempt to view the world through the prism of decision makers, taking into consideration at least the bro ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""