global financial integrity systems and global carbon integrity systems
... For the last two decades, the primary focus of corruption studies and anti-corruption activism has been corruption within sovereign states. International activism was largely directed at co-ordinating national campaigns and to use international instruments to make them more effective domestically. T ...
... For the last two decades, the primary focus of corruption studies and anti-corruption activism has been corruption within sovereign states. International activism was largely directed at co-ordinating national campaigns and to use international instruments to make them more effective domestically. T ...
Climate change prediction over complex areas: spatial variability of
... a large spatial and seasonal variability as well, as the six RCMs present noticeable differences on accuracy and sensitivity to climate change forcings. Copyright 2007 Royal Meteorological Society KEY WORDS ...
... a large spatial and seasonal variability as well, as the six RCMs present noticeable differences on accuracy and sensitivity to climate change forcings. Copyright 2007 Royal Meteorological Society KEY WORDS ...
Climate Change, Mean Sea Level and High Tides in the Bay of Fundy
... per year, but do not always inflict damage. The average duration of such surges is 2.2 hours, but they have been observed to persist for over 12 hours. In the macrotidal Bay of Fundy, serious flooding will only occur when such surges coincide with the one to two hours that the tide is near its maxim ...
... per year, but do not always inflict damage. The average duration of such surges is 2.2 hours, but they have been observed to persist for over 12 hours. In the macrotidal Bay of Fundy, serious flooding will only occur when such surges coincide with the one to two hours that the tide is near its maxim ...
A Research on the Low-carbon Economy and Low-carbon Tourism
... With the process of the construction of human ecological civilization, low-carbon economy are increasingly affecting and inducing human productive and consumptive patterns. Low-carbon economy was launched in the UK, and then gradually accepted by the world. In fact, low-carbon economy is to mitigate ...
... With the process of the construction of human ecological civilization, low-carbon economy are increasingly affecting and inducing human productive and consumptive patterns. Low-carbon economy was launched in the UK, and then gradually accepted by the world. In fact, low-carbon economy is to mitigate ...
(Box 3). Increased understanding of climate change and biodiversity
... Forest Degradation (REDD) programs of the United Nation’s Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which have seen substantial implementation in many developing regions. The REDD program is particularly gaining popularity in the Albertine Rift region due to the significant potential for miti ...
... Forest Degradation (REDD) programs of the United Nation’s Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which have seen substantial implementation in many developing regions. The REDD program is particularly gaining popularity in the Albertine Rift region due to the significant potential for miti ...
Climate Change and First Nations: Recommendations for Action
... that First Nations may take to adapt to climate changes in First Nations. As such, the primary focus of recommendations will be on adaptation responses. The recommendations offered below do not represent an exhaustive list of needs, but are meant catalyze discussions among First Nation and other gov ...
... that First Nations may take to adapt to climate changes in First Nations. As such, the primary focus of recommendations will be on adaptation responses. The recommendations offered below do not represent an exhaustive list of needs, but are meant catalyze discussions among First Nation and other gov ...
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... already be experiencing the impact of climate change with its winter rainfall having decreased by 10 to 20 per cent over the last 30 years and having experienced an overall warming of its daily temperatures. Further declines in rainfall are expected to greatly reduce plant production, affecting crop ...
... already be experiencing the impact of climate change with its winter rainfall having decreased by 10 to 20 per cent over the last 30 years and having experienced an overall warming of its daily temperatures. Further declines in rainfall are expected to greatly reduce plant production, affecting crop ...
13_02 Unstable Climates
... almost as the basis for predictions (Lamb & Changnon, 1981; Kunkel & Court, 1990). The very use of the word ‘normal’ offered up this expectation and allowed for anything outside this range to be viewed as ‘abnormal’, requiring special explanation. On the other hand, fixing a definition of climate to ...
... almost as the basis for predictions (Lamb & Changnon, 1981; Kunkel & Court, 1990). The very use of the word ‘normal’ offered up this expectation and allowed for anything outside this range to be viewed as ‘abnormal’, requiring special explanation. On the other hand, fixing a definition of climate to ...
FAO - NWP: Adaptation Planning and Strategies 2009 (pp. 42-50)
... contexts, related specifically to threats and opportunities generated by climate change. It is a generic solution that can be adopted from other contexts such as rural development or water security. ...
... contexts, related specifically to threats and opportunities generated by climate change. It is a generic solution that can be adopted from other contexts such as rural development or water security. ...
An Overview of the International Regime Addressing Climate Change
... Accounting for Land Use, Land Use Change, and Forestry Activities that lead to deforestation, or even clearing of agricultural land and disturbance of soils, result in substantial releases of carbon dioxide. For these reasons, issues related to land use, land use change, and forestry (“LULUCF”) have ...
... Accounting for Land Use, Land Use Change, and Forestry Activities that lead to deforestation, or even clearing of agricultural land and disturbance of soils, result in substantial releases of carbon dioxide. For these reasons, issues related to land use, land use change, and forestry (“LULUCF”) have ...
FOOD, FOSSIL FUELS AND FILTHY FINANCE 191 OXFAM BRIEFING PAPER 17 OCTOBER 2014
... by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).2 This could put up to 400 million people across some of the poorest countries at risk of severe food and water shortages by the middle of the century,3 with 25 million more malnourished children – the equivalent of all of the under-fives in th ...
... by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).2 This could put up to 400 million people across some of the poorest countries at risk of severe food and water shortages by the middle of the century,3 with 25 million more malnourished children – the equivalent of all of the under-fives in th ...
The impacts of climate change at Mount Rainier
... increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level.” -Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2007 Average annual temperature in the Pacific Northwest has increased 0.83ºC (1.5ºF) since 1920 and is projected to in ...
... increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level.” -Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2007 Average annual temperature in the Pacific Northwest has increased 0.83ºC (1.5ºF) since 1920 and is projected to in ...
Opens external link in new window
... et al., 2011; URT, 2012). Agriculture is the mainstay of the country’s economy contributing to 25 percent of the GDP and employs 80 percent of the workforce. Only 23 percent of the arable land is currently put into use and the majority of the users are the smallholder farmers (85 percent) with an av ...
... et al., 2011; URT, 2012). Agriculture is the mainstay of the country’s economy contributing to 25 percent of the GDP and employs 80 percent of the workforce. Only 23 percent of the arable land is currently put into use and the majority of the users are the smallholder farmers (85 percent) with an av ...
Consensus‟ Exposed: The CRU Controversy - Inhofe
... information was stolen via computer ―hacking,‖ yet no convincing evidence has emerged to support that claim.8 Others have suggested the responsibility lies with an internal CRU source, who, as some have further speculated, was acting as a ―whistleblower.‖9 ...
... information was stolen via computer ―hacking,‖ yet no convincing evidence has emerged to support that claim.8 Others have suggested the responsibility lies with an internal CRU source, who, as some have further speculated, was acting as a ―whistleblower.‖9 ...
Climate change, wine, and conservation
... of precipitation decreases. Strain on water resources is already high in the region, with 95% of the area currently suitable for viticulture already under water stress, the highest of any of the Mediterranean-climate wine-growing regions. The projected mean precipitation decrease of 15.5% (RCP 8.5; ...
... of precipitation decreases. Strain on water resources is already high in the region, with 95% of the area currently suitable for viticulture already under water stress, the highest of any of the Mediterranean-climate wine-growing regions. The projected mean precipitation decrease of 15.5% (RCP 8.5; ...
Stranded Assets: the transition to a low carbon
... devaluation or conversion to liabilities. In recent years, the issue of stranded assets caused by environmental factors, such as climate change and society’s attitudes towards it, has become increasingly high profile. While asset-stranding is a natural feature of any market economy, it is more signi ...
... devaluation or conversion to liabilities. In recent years, the issue of stranded assets caused by environmental factors, such as climate change and society’s attitudes towards it, has become increasingly high profile. While asset-stranding is a natural feature of any market economy, it is more signi ...
Here - Permafrost Carbon Network
... predominantly anaerobic (oxygen limited) soil conditions. Across the permafrost region, there is a gradient of water saturation that ranges from mostly aerobic upland ecosystems to mostly anaerobic lowland lakes and wetlands. In aerobic soils, CO2 is released by microbial decomposition of soil organ ...
... predominantly anaerobic (oxygen limited) soil conditions. Across the permafrost region, there is a gradient of water saturation that ranges from mostly aerobic upland ecosystems to mostly anaerobic lowland lakes and wetlands. In aerobic soils, CO2 is released by microbial decomposition of soil organ ...
Effects of climate change on US crop production: simulation results
... by increased year-to-year variability. We also discussed the response to additional factors affecting the simulated US crop production under climate change, such as higher temperature and elevated CO2. KEY WORDS: Climate change · Agriculture · Elevated CO2 · US National Assessment · Adaptation Resal ...
... by increased year-to-year variability. We also discussed the response to additional factors affecting the simulated US crop production under climate change, such as higher temperature and elevated CO2. KEY WORDS: Climate change · Agriculture · Elevated CO2 · US National Assessment · Adaptation Resal ...
View/Open
... in the construction of several climate models to predict its effects1. The conclusions of these models are scenario dependent, however, some broadly accepted facts are emerging2. Scientists agree that the most severe drought effects will be felt in mid-latitude, inland continental areas, especially ...
... in the construction of several climate models to predict its effects1. The conclusions of these models are scenario dependent, however, some broadly accepted facts are emerging2. Scientists agree that the most severe drought effects will be felt in mid-latitude, inland continental areas, especially ...
Northern Hemisphere glaciation and the evolution of Plio
... importance. Here we explicitly quantify changes in deterministic orbital processes (forcing and/or pacing) versus stochastic climate processes during the Plio‐Pleistocene, via time‐frequency analysis of two prominent foraminifera oxygen isotopic stacks. Our results indicate that development of the N ...
... importance. Here we explicitly quantify changes in deterministic orbital processes (forcing and/or pacing) versus stochastic climate processes during the Plio‐Pleistocene, via time‐frequency analysis of two prominent foraminifera oxygen isotopic stacks. Our results indicate that development of the N ...
Chinese and Russian policies on climate change
... The Working Group I contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC’s) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) states, “Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia. The atmosphere and ocean have ...
... The Working Group I contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC’s) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) states, “Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia. The atmosphere and ocean have ...
Innovation in the realm of institutional complexity
... 2011: 317). Our research addresses how different logics influence upon the behavior, and the interaction and decision-making processes of the built community involved in climate adaptation and how the actors deal with the institutional complexity. We draw on case study research from Norway, a count ...
... 2011: 317). Our research addresses how different logics influence upon the behavior, and the interaction and decision-making processes of the built community involved in climate adaptation and how the actors deal with the institutional complexity. We draw on case study research from Norway, a count ...
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... scientists a quarter of a century ago, there was a degree of recognition that any mitigation of emissions of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions would need to be complemented by at least some adaptation to the effects of climate change. Pielke et al (2007, p. 597), for example, state that ‘during ...
... scientists a quarter of a century ago, there was a degree of recognition that any mitigation of emissions of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions would need to be complemented by at least some adaptation to the effects of climate change. Pielke et al (2007, p. 597), for example, state that ‘during ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""