SEA LEVEL RISE IN THE CARIBBEAN
... • From the 2.0°C threshold to that at 2.5°C the picture is more complex; under Scenario A1B rainfall increases again according to the ensemble mean over much of the CARICOM area, although it does not return to current levels over most areas that would have experienced drying; however under Scenario ...
... • From the 2.0°C threshold to that at 2.5°C the picture is more complex; under Scenario A1B rainfall increases again according to the ensemble mean over much of the CARICOM area, although it does not return to current levels over most areas that would have experienced drying; however under Scenario ...
Sensitivity of Amazon Regional Climate to Deforestation
... interest once that the Amazon is home to more than 40 million people, which, despite intense urbanization, still live and depend on the region’s natural resources. Presently, the best way to understand the complex nature of land surface-atmosphere interactions and their impact on rainfall is through ...
... interest once that the Amazon is home to more than 40 million people, which, despite intense urbanization, still live and depend on the region’s natural resources. Presently, the best way to understand the complex nature of land surface-atmosphere interactions and their impact on rainfall is through ...
Agricultural Net Carbon Effect and Agricultural Carbon Sink
... hectares in 1999 and was increased to 36.59×104 hectares in 2013 [2, 23]. Thus, the agricultural carbon sink function of Hotan is clear. Therefore, based on the scientific calculation system of carbon emissions and carbon sinks in agriculture (unlike Tian Y. et al., who calculated only the carbon em ...
... hectares in 1999 and was increased to 36.59×104 hectares in 2013 [2, 23]. Thus, the agricultural carbon sink function of Hotan is clear. Therefore, based on the scientific calculation system of carbon emissions and carbon sinks in agriculture (unlike Tian Y. et al., who calculated only the carbon em ...
Border Tax Adjustments and Developing Countries
... of the emerging phenomena that have made the negotiation for a postKyoto climate regime imperative and as urgent as it can be. Following the framework under the Kyoto Protocol, most industrialized countries2 have come up with carbon control policies and therefore, have borne higher carbon prices.3 T ...
... of the emerging phenomena that have made the negotiation for a postKyoto climate regime imperative and as urgent as it can be. Following the framework under the Kyoto Protocol, most industrialized countries2 have come up with carbon control policies and therefore, have borne higher carbon prices.3 T ...
PDF Format - Department of Environmental Sciences
... The GFDL Global Atmospheric Model Development Team, 2004: The new GFDL global atmosphere and land model AM2/LM2: Evaluation with prescribed SST simulations, J. Climate, 17, 4641-4673. Soden, B. J., A. J. Broccoli, and R. S. Hemler, 2004: On the use of cloud forcing to estimate cloud feedback, J. Cl ...
... The GFDL Global Atmospheric Model Development Team, 2004: The new GFDL global atmosphere and land model AM2/LM2: Evaluation with prescribed SST simulations, J. Climate, 17, 4641-4673. Soden, B. J., A. J. Broccoli, and R. S. Hemler, 2004: On the use of cloud forcing to estimate cloud feedback, J. Cl ...
i4332e05
... s global emissions of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) continue relatively unabated, their impact on climate is already being felt. Furthermore, the acceleration of climate change in coming years is virtually assured, due at least in part to the long half-lives of most GHGs. While many of the i ...
... s global emissions of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) continue relatively unabated, their impact on climate is already being felt. Furthermore, the acceleration of climate change in coming years is virtually assured, due at least in part to the long half-lives of most GHGs. While many of the i ...
S08-2 Mistimed reproduction due to global climate change
... early laying great tits will produce more recruits in the following year than late laying birds. For the Hoge Veluwe great tits, there is a clear decrease in selection differentials for laying date (Fig. 2; Visser et al., 1998). In the early years of the study, there was no directional selection (se ...
... early laying great tits will produce more recruits in the following year than late laying birds. For the Hoge Veluwe great tits, there is a clear decrease in selection differentials for laying date (Fig. 2; Visser et al., 1998). In the early years of the study, there was no directional selection (se ...
The greenhouse effect and climate change : a
... patterns have changed in many areas. In New Zealand and Australia, sea level has risen on average about 20 mm per decade over the last 50-100 years and rainfall trends have followed the cyclical El Niño events. (Tables 6.1, 6.4) ...
... patterns have changed in many areas. In New Zealand and Australia, sea level has risen on average about 20 mm per decade over the last 50-100 years and rainfall trends have followed the cyclical El Niño events. (Tables 6.1, 6.4) ...
First Greenhouse Gas Inventory
... that climate change warrants a global effort in finding a solution to its adverse effects. It gives me great satisfaction that Bhutan has acknowledged the magnitude of the challenges posed by climate change and had ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) during th ...
... that climate change warrants a global effort in finding a solution to its adverse effects. It gives me great satisfaction that Bhutan has acknowledged the magnitude of the challenges posed by climate change and had ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) during th ...
A look at the Cuban experience of protection against
... In this section data is provided to offer a clearer idea about the effects of climate on water, soils, agriculture, health and forests, already severe and growing more damaging. ...
... In this section data is provided to offer a clearer idea about the effects of climate on water, soils, agriculture, health and forests, already severe and growing more damaging. ...
Discourse analysis of media coverage of climate change
... belief by scientists that all gases were “transparent” to infrared radiation. He discovered that, while certain gases—like oxygen and nitrogen—are transparent to the sun’s rays, certain gases— ...
... belief by scientists that all gases were “transparent” to infrared radiation. He discovered that, while certain gases—like oxygen and nitrogen—are transparent to the sun’s rays, certain gases— ...
A look at the Cuban experience of protection against climate change
... In this section data is provided to offer a clearer idea about the effects of climate on water, soils, agriculture, health and forests, already severe and growing more damaging. ...
... In this section data is provided to offer a clearer idea about the effects of climate on water, soils, agriculture, health and forests, already severe and growing more damaging. ...
Global Change Impact Assessment for Himalayan Mountain Regions
... The United Nations have hence, recognizing the crucial role of the mountains in global ecology, declared the year 2002 as the International Year of the Mountain (IYM) for promoting the conservation of mountain ecosystem and sustainable development in the mountain regions. Having received a good resp ...
... The United Nations have hence, recognizing the crucial role of the mountains in global ecology, declared the year 2002 as the International Year of the Mountain (IYM) for promoting the conservation of mountain ecosystem and sustainable development in the mountain regions. Having received a good resp ...
- The University of Liverpool Repository
... Community (EAC) region, while transmission reduces in lowland, marginal transmission zones such as South Sudan. The climate model ensemble generally projects warmer and wetter conditions over EAC. The simulated malaria response appears to be driven by temperature rather than precipitation effects. T ...
... Community (EAC) region, while transmission reduces in lowland, marginal transmission zones such as South Sudan. The climate model ensemble generally projects warmer and wetter conditions over EAC. The simulated malaria response appears to be driven by temperature rather than precipitation effects. T ...
United Nations Development Programme
... (Please provide information on the areas of work in relation to the items included in decision 3/CP.18 as listed in the introductory note as well as any additional focus areas, that your organization/associated network has been mandated to address. These could include relevant institutional policy s ...
... (Please provide information on the areas of work in relation to the items included in decision 3/CP.18 as listed in the introductory note as well as any additional focus areas, that your organization/associated network has been mandated to address. These could include relevant institutional policy s ...
Interactions between temperature and nutrients across levels of
... Temperature and nutrient availability play key roles in controlling the pathways and rates at which energy and materials move through ecosystems. These factors have also changed dramatically on Earth over the past century as human activities have intensified. Although significant effort has been dev ...
... Temperature and nutrient availability play key roles in controlling the pathways and rates at which energy and materials move through ecosystems. These factors have also changed dramatically on Earth over the past century as human activities have intensified. Although significant effort has been dev ...
An Assessment of the Foundational Assumptions in High-Resolution Climate Projections: The Case of UKCP09
... There is now a widespread consensus that global warming is real and in large part due to human activities.1 Simply knowing that the Earth’s surface will warm on the whole (or on average) has value for both mitigation2 and adaptation strategies, especially when accompanied by other physically underst ...
... There is now a widespread consensus that global warming is real and in large part due to human activities.1 Simply knowing that the Earth’s surface will warm on the whole (or on average) has value for both mitigation2 and adaptation strategies, especially when accompanied by other physically underst ...
Misconceptions PowerPoint KB
... 2. The Arctic sea ice is recovering back to normal 3. Antarctica is not warming and sea ice there has increased. 4. The Middle Ages were warmer – it’s all sunspots. 5. The climate is always changing. 6. A bit of warming will be good. 7. It’s not really getting warmer, it’s the heat island effect 8. ...
... 2. The Arctic sea ice is recovering back to normal 3. Antarctica is not warming and sea ice there has increased. 4. The Middle Ages were warmer – it’s all sunspots. 5. The climate is always changing. 6. A bit of warming will be good. 7. It’s not really getting warmer, it’s the heat island effect 8. ...
Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change: Concepts, Issues
... Adaptation to climate is the process through which people reduce the adverse effects of climate on their health and well-being, and take advantage of the opportunities that their climatic environment provides (Burton 1992, quoted in Smit et al. 2000); Adaptation involves adjustments to enhance the v ...
... Adaptation to climate is the process through which people reduce the adverse effects of climate on their health and well-being, and take advantage of the opportunities that their climatic environment provides (Burton 1992, quoted in Smit et al. 2000); Adaptation involves adjustments to enhance the v ...
Sensitivity of burned area in Europe to climate change, atmospheric
... from climate forcing), and human population density (provided as external forcing). A limited set of global parameters were derived by inversion of SIMFIRE against global multiyear satellite-observed burned area [Knorr et al., 2014]. When using only European burned area data for the optimization, it ...
... from climate forcing), and human population density (provided as external forcing). A limited set of global parameters were derived by inversion of SIMFIRE against global multiyear satellite-observed burned area [Knorr et al., 2014]. When using only European burned area data for the optimization, it ...
Cities` Contribution to Climate Change
... Cities are an organic form of government and often express the aspirations of their citizens more succinctly and quicker than higher levels of government. When these rising voices are credibly articulated, their global impact is considerable, and Climate change will require city administrations to g ...
... Cities are an organic form of government and often express the aspirations of their citizens more succinctly and quicker than higher levels of government. When these rising voices are credibly articulated, their global impact is considerable, and Climate change will require city administrations to g ...
the thermal sensitivity and plasticity of diving
... Crocodiles were exposed to one of three long-term thermal treatments, designed to emulate water temperatures under differing climate change scenarios (i.e. current summer, 28°C; ‘moderate’ climate warming, 31.5°C; ‘high’ climate warming, 35°C). Dive trials were conducted in a temperature-controlled ...
... Crocodiles were exposed to one of three long-term thermal treatments, designed to emulate water temperatures under differing climate change scenarios (i.e. current summer, 28°C; ‘moderate’ climate warming, 31.5°C; ‘high’ climate warming, 35°C). Dive trials were conducted in a temperature-controlled ...
Presentation
... 22Department of Earth & Environmental Engineering, Columbia University Department of Earth & Environmental Engineering, Columbia University ...
... 22Department of Earth & Environmental Engineering, Columbia University Department of Earth & Environmental Engineering, Columbia University ...
The Health Effects of Climate Change in the WHO European Region
... cities [18]. A study in Central Italy found that a 1 °C increase in temperature above a threshold was associated with an increase in mortality of up to 15.97% among people aged 75 years or more, over a lag period of 30 days [19]. A lag effect is evident for heat- and heatwave-related mortality and m ...
... cities [18]. A study in Central Italy found that a 1 °C increase in temperature above a threshold was associated with an increase in mortality of up to 15.97% among people aged 75 years or more, over a lag period of 30 days [19]. A lag effect is evident for heat- and heatwave-related mortality and m ...
PDF
... number of counties in specific states; u denotes the number of years for which a certain climate scenario generates lower crop yields as compared with the historical average; and A denotes the county-level harvested acreage. A county with higher harvested acreage is given more weight. A CCII higher ...
... number of counties in specific states; u denotes the number of years for which a certain climate scenario generates lower crop yields as compared with the historical average; and A denotes the county-level harvested acreage. A county with higher harvested acreage is given more weight. A CCII higher ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""