Turning points in climate change adaptation
... turn to alternative routes may be considered (the unexplored land). (1b) A threshold (here: failing safety standards at a sea level rise of 0.2 m relative to 1990) is translated into a time range in which the threshold is likely to be reached. The figure uses projected global-averaged, sea-level ris ...
... turn to alternative routes may be considered (the unexplored land). (1b) A threshold (here: failing safety standards at a sea level rise of 0.2 m relative to 1990) is translated into a time range in which the threshold is likely to be reached. The figure uses projected global-averaged, sea-level ris ...
... are difficult to predict (Goodess 2000). In particular, the future radiative forcing from greenhouse gases is difficult to quantify because the emissions of these gases depend on many assumptions and uncertain factors such as population growth, the use of carbon fuel as an energy source, technologic ...
Climate change, natural disasters and human displacement
... expertise in the area of forced displacement. It is projected that climate change will over time trigger larger and more complex movements of population, both within and across borders, and has the potential to render some people stateless. Since climate change is certain to have a major impact on f ...
... expertise in the area of forced displacement. It is projected that climate change will over time trigger larger and more complex movements of population, both within and across borders, and has the potential to render some people stateless. Since climate change is certain to have a major impact on f ...
Seattle City Light Climate Change Analysis - CSES
... Salathé et al. (2010). The simulations use the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model using boundary conditions from 1) the Max Plank Institute, Hamburg, global model (ECHAM5) and 2) the National Cen ...
... Salathé et al. (2010). The simulations use the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model using boundary conditions from 1) the Max Plank Institute, Hamburg, global model (ECHAM5) and 2) the National Cen ...
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... Climate change is an integral part of the new 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, a set of 17 global goals that countries have adopted to end poverty and hunger, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all. FAO has placed climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction at the core o ...
... Climate change is an integral part of the new 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, a set of 17 global goals that countries have adopted to end poverty and hunger, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all. FAO has placed climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction at the core o ...
climate change law: the emergence of a new legal discipline
... In addition, climate change presents enormous challenges for socioeconomic governance systems. (The federal government’s leading climate change adviser, Professor Ross Garnaut, has recently described climate change as ‘a diabolical policy problem.’)4 Consequently, devising legal solutions to climate ...
... In addition, climate change presents enormous challenges for socioeconomic governance systems. (The federal government’s leading climate change adviser, Professor Ross Garnaut, has recently described climate change as ‘a diabolical policy problem.’)4 Consequently, devising legal solutions to climate ...
Potential climate-change impacts on the Chesapeake Bay
... 3 ] and pH decreases averaging about 10% and 0.1, respectively, have already taken place throughout the surface ocean due to the invasion of anthropogenic CO2. Under a greenhouse gas scenario similar to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC’s) A2 storyline (Fig. 2), these changes inc ...
... 3 ] and pH decreases averaging about 10% and 0.1, respectively, have already taken place throughout the surface ocean due to the invasion of anthropogenic CO2. Under a greenhouse gas scenario similar to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC’s) A2 storyline (Fig. 2), these changes inc ...
Climate change challenges Tuvalu
... Why does climate change cause the sea levels to rise? The main cause for rising sea levels is the expansion of water due to an increase in water temperature and is thus a mere physical phenomenon. Additional factors are the thawing of mountain glaciers and the ice covering in Greenland, resulting fr ...
... Why does climate change cause the sea levels to rise? The main cause for rising sea levels is the expansion of water due to an increase in water temperature and is thus a mere physical phenomenon. Additional factors are the thawing of mountain glaciers and the ice covering in Greenland, resulting fr ...
Climate change and the world`s “Sacred Sea” – Lake
... abundance of Baikal diatom species in sediment cores to reconstruct historical snow depths as far back as 1000 years ago (Mackay et al. 2005). However, it is difficult to predict the effects of an increase in spring precipitation and a shift toward more rain rather than snow. Rain that falls on snow ...
... abundance of Baikal diatom species in sediment cores to reconstruct historical snow depths as far back as 1000 years ago (Mackay et al. 2005). However, it is difficult to predict the effects of an increase in spring precipitation and a shift toward more rain rather than snow. Rain that falls on snow ...
Up-regulation of photosynthesis and sucrose
... 1992). C 4 plants (maize, sorghum, sugarcane etc.) show little or no photosynthetic response to elevated CO2, because they are CO2 saturated and not competitively inhibited by O2. The increase in CO2 is expected to cause global warming by absorbing the long wave heat radiation from the earth surface ...
... 1992). C 4 plants (maize, sorghum, sugarcane etc.) show little or no photosynthetic response to elevated CO2, because they are CO2 saturated and not competitively inhibited by O2. The increase in CO2 is expected to cause global warming by absorbing the long wave heat radiation from the earth surface ...
Top-down vs bottom-up - working paper version
... A range of scholars and policy advocates have proposed formulaic (or ‘top-down’) approaches for calculating countries’ fair shares of the global effort to mitigate climate change. The practical relevance of top-down proposals has become increasingly uncertain as climate change negotiations since the ...
... A range of scholars and policy advocates have proposed formulaic (or ‘top-down’) approaches for calculating countries’ fair shares of the global effort to mitigate climate change. The practical relevance of top-down proposals has become increasingly uncertain as climate change negotiations since the ...
Managing for climate change on federal lands of the western United
... The vast majority (>90%) of federal lands in Idaho and Montana are managed by the USFS and the BLM, and these lands account for approximately 62% and 29%, respectively, of the land base of these two states (Gorte et al. 2012). Therefore, we elected to focus the majority of our recruitment efforts on ...
... The vast majority (>90%) of federal lands in Idaho and Montana are managed by the USFS and the BLM, and these lands account for approximately 62% and 29%, respectively, of the land base of these two states (Gorte et al. 2012). Therefore, we elected to focus the majority of our recruitment efforts on ...
EPA Research - 2015 Call Technical Description
... To make an application under this topic area, you must use the following Call Topic Reference: Climate 2015 Call - Project 3 Description Wetlands, primarily peatlands, constitute between 14% and 20% of Ireland’s land area. The estimate varies because of the different ways in which peatland can be de ...
... To make an application under this topic area, you must use the following Call Topic Reference: Climate 2015 Call - Project 3 Description Wetlands, primarily peatlands, constitute between 14% and 20% of Ireland’s land area. The estimate varies because of the different ways in which peatland can be de ...
Climate Change of the Arctic and Antarctica.
... decreased by as much as 18 percent in certain areas over nearly two decades, providing new insights on how the Antarctic ice sheet is responding to climate change. ...
... decreased by as much as 18 percent in certain areas over nearly two decades, providing new insights on how the Antarctic ice sheet is responding to climate change. ...
5. Conclusion: Political change in social
... drawing prescriptive conclusions from descriptive premises is a non sequitur: an ‘ought’ does not follow from an ‘is’ (Hume 2006 [1739]). With reference to climate change, neither the premise that warming of the climate system is ‘unequivocal’ (IPCC 2007b, p.5), nor that ‘[m]ost of the observed incr ...
... drawing prescriptive conclusions from descriptive premises is a non sequitur: an ‘ought’ does not follow from an ‘is’ (Hume 2006 [1739]). With reference to climate change, neither the premise that warming of the climate system is ‘unequivocal’ (IPCC 2007b, p.5), nor that ‘[m]ost of the observed incr ...
Climate Change and the World`s “Sacred Sea”—Lake Baikal, Siberia
... abundance of Baikal diatom species in sediment cores to reconstruct historical snow depths as far back as 1000 years ago (Mackay et al. 2005). However, it is difficult to predict the effects of an increase in spring precipitation and a shift toward more rain rather than snow. Rain that falls on snow ...
... abundance of Baikal diatom species in sediment cores to reconstruct historical snow depths as far back as 1000 years ago (Mackay et al. 2005). However, it is difficult to predict the effects of an increase in spring precipitation and a shift toward more rain rather than snow. Rain that falls on snow ...
Selection of Climate Models for Developing - hi
... Models (GCMs) that were used for the IPCC’s Fifth Assessment Report are bundled in the fifth phase of the Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) (Taylor et al. 2012). The envelope approach for selecting climate models considers each models’ projected average change of a climatic variable over ...
... Models (GCMs) that were used for the IPCC’s Fifth Assessment Report are bundled in the fifth phase of the Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) (Taylor et al. 2012). The envelope approach for selecting climate models considers each models’ projected average change of a climatic variable over ...
Convenient Solutions to an Inconvenient Truth
... This report was prepared by a team led by Kathy MacKinnon (TTL), assisted by Valerie Hickey and Junu Shrestha (Biodiversity Team, ENV) with substantial material on adaptation in LAC from Walter Vergara, and contributions from Marjory‐Anne Bromhead, Christophe Crepin, Karsten Ferrugiel and Gayatr ...
... This report was prepared by a team led by Kathy MacKinnon (TTL), assisted by Valerie Hickey and Junu Shrestha (Biodiversity Team, ENV) with substantial material on adaptation in LAC from Walter Vergara, and contributions from Marjory‐Anne Bromhead, Christophe Crepin, Karsten Ferrugiel and Gayatr ...
Quantification of increased flood risk caused by planning
... calculated by a GIS-based flood damage prediction model (FDPM). The FDPM consists of two models: Model 1 and Model 2. Model 1 calculates the inundation depth on a 50-m square grid for a given storm using the diffusive approximate version of the Saint-Venant equations to simulate one-dimensional sewe ...
... calculated by a GIS-based flood damage prediction model (FDPM). The FDPM consists of two models: Model 1 and Model 2. Model 1 calculates the inundation depth on a 50-m square grid for a given storm using the diffusive approximate version of the Saint-Venant equations to simulate one-dimensional sewe ...
Small global-mean cooling due to volcanic radiative forcing
... (Fig. 1a), and is projected to continue to rise during the present century at a rate which depends on the emissions scenario. For example, the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change considered a set of scenarios under which the nominal radiative forcing at 210 ...
... (Fig. 1a), and is projected to continue to rise during the present century at a rate which depends on the emissions scenario. For example, the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change considered a set of scenarios under which the nominal radiative forcing at 210 ...
A values-based approach to vulnerability and adaptation to climate
... understandings of climate change. A values-based approach to climate change can be considered important for at least four reasons: climate change cannot be assessed or responded to in only one way; there may be value conflicts between different actors’ responses; future generations may judge based o ...
... understandings of climate change. A values-based approach to climate change can be considered important for at least four reasons: climate change cannot be assessed or responded to in only one way; there may be value conflicts between different actors’ responses; future generations may judge based o ...
Nooksack Indian Tribe: Rivers and Glaciers - UO Blogs
... TMDL project do not adequately address concerns around salmon habitat and health. The water quality standard for temperature is based on the beneficial use of several species of salmon habitat and fish survival. A TMDL is the maximum amount of pollutant that a river can absorb and still meet water q ...
... TMDL project do not adequately address concerns around salmon habitat and health. The water quality standard for temperature is based on the beneficial use of several species of salmon habitat and fish survival. A TMDL is the maximum amount of pollutant that a river can absorb and still meet water q ...
Arctic air pollution: Challenges and opportunities for the next decade
... sulphur species, methane, and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from Arctic sources are ...
... sulphur species, methane, and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from Arctic sources are ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""