Effect of ocean gateway changes under
... Eocene/ Oligocene boundary (∼ 34 million years ago), where rapid cooling and glaciation of Antarctica represented an important step in Cenozoic climate cooling (Zachos et al. 2001). The apparently close temporal proximity in the geological records between this turning point and the opening of the Ta ...
... Eocene/ Oligocene boundary (∼ 34 million years ago), where rapid cooling and glaciation of Antarctica represented an important step in Cenozoic climate cooling (Zachos et al. 2001). The apparently close temporal proximity in the geological records between this turning point and the opening of the Ta ...
PDF
... internalize the environmental and technology externalities globally, but only within the boundary of each given region.1 At the core of the adaptation module introduced in the WITCH model there are three control variables that broadly represent different forms of adaptation strategies. For the sake ...
... internalize the environmental and technology externalities globally, but only within the boundary of each given region.1 At the core of the adaptation module introduced in the WITCH model there are three control variables that broadly represent different forms of adaptation strategies. For the sake ...
FINAL DRAFT IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 24 Subject to Final Copyedit
... and affect many people in future. Integrated water management strategies could help adapt to climate change, including developing water saving technologies, increasing water productivity, and water reuse. The impacts of climate change on food production and food security in Asia will vary by region ...
... and affect many people in future. Integrated water management strategies could help adapt to climate change, including developing water saving technologies, increasing water productivity, and water reuse. The impacts of climate change on food production and food security in Asia will vary by region ...
I. Sustainability Risk Management
... Earth’s Atmosphere is getting warmer and will continue to get warmer ...
... Earth’s Atmosphere is getting warmer and will continue to get warmer ...
The Kyoto Protocol accounting rules
... Accounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Emission reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 LULUCF and Kyoto mechanisms. . . . . . . . . ...
... Accounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Emission reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 LULUCF and Kyoto mechanisms. . . . . . . . . ...
Transitiong to a low-carbon energy system
... emissions in one sector would have to be offset by reduced emissions in other sectors. The carbon budgets could act as a series of benchmarks or stepping stones towards Ireland’s 2050 80% emissions’ reduction target. This would have the benefit of providing greater certainty for low carbon technolog ...
... emissions in one sector would have to be offset by reduced emissions in other sectors. The carbon budgets could act as a series of benchmarks or stepping stones towards Ireland’s 2050 80% emissions’ reduction target. This would have the benefit of providing greater certainty for low carbon technolog ...
ABSTRACT
... and drier climate patterns over tropical land associated with El Niño. The combined affect of these forcings causes substantial carbon flux into the atmosphere. A unique ...
... and drier climate patterns over tropical land associated with El Niño. The combined affect of these forcings causes substantial carbon flux into the atmosphere. A unique ...
Usable Science? The UK Climate Projections 2009
... et al. 2006) and has since risen to greater prominence, particularly with the passing of the Climate Change Act 2008. To achieve this the Act provides the Government with special ‘‘Adaptation Reporting Powers’’ to request ‘‘bodies with functions of a public nature’’ and ‘‘statutory undertakers’’ (e. ...
... et al. 2006) and has since risen to greater prominence, particularly with the passing of the Climate Change Act 2008. To achieve this the Act provides the Government with special ‘‘Adaptation Reporting Powers’’ to request ‘‘bodies with functions of a public nature’’ and ‘‘statutory undertakers’’ (e. ...
Chapter 4 Hydrology and water resources
... took place a few million years ago, with mean air temperatures 3 ° C - 4 ° C above present, can be an analog of climatic conditions for the more distant future years 2040-2050. ...
... took place a few million years ago, with mean air temperatures 3 ° C - 4 ° C above present, can be an analog of climatic conditions for the more distant future years 2040-2050. ...
Climate change-induced water stress and its
... Southern Europe, while an increase in the North. However, the largest increases will be felt where very few people actually live – above 60°N, whereas large populations will be affected by shortages. Indeed, if climate change can be thought of as another ‘consumer’ of water, in some countries it wil ...
... Southern Europe, while an increase in the North. However, the largest increases will be felt where very few people actually live – above 60°N, whereas large populations will be affected by shortages. Indeed, if climate change can be thought of as another ‘consumer’ of water, in some countries it wil ...
2010_09_icao_grounded PDF, 750.6 KByte
... the UN Climate change principle of common but differentiated responsibilities can be respected by allocating revenues from any instrument to developing countries for adaptation and mitigation of climate change. ICAO has debated MBMs for over a decade. It is now time for action not more debate. ICAO ...
... the UN Climate change principle of common but differentiated responsibilities can be respected by allocating revenues from any instrument to developing countries for adaptation and mitigation of climate change. ICAO has debated MBMs for over a decade. It is now time for action not more debate. ICAO ...
Solution Aversion: On the Relation Between Ideology and Motivated
... experiments, we provide evidence for this model and do so in one of the most politically contentious and arguably important problems of modern times: environmental degradation and climate change. We provide an additional study outside this area to show the breadth of the model. ...
... experiments, we provide evidence for this model and do so in one of the most politically contentious and arguably important problems of modern times: environmental degradation and climate change. We provide an additional study outside this area to show the breadth of the model. ...
to review/download the Cookeville Case Study.
... to preserve water resources, sequester carbon, and maintain natural habitat in the face of extreme climate pressures yet to come. It is also critical because the need for climate action calls for every possible mitigation tool to be utilized in the very near future. Communities cannot afford to sta ...
... to preserve water resources, sequester carbon, and maintain natural habitat in the face of extreme climate pressures yet to come. It is also critical because the need for climate action calls for every possible mitigation tool to be utilized in the very near future. Communities cannot afford to sta ...
Learning about climate changethe Pacific way
... Many educational resources available on climate change focus on its causes and its mitigation by reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. There are very few educational resources that address adaptation measures that are specific to Pacific islands. The focus of this resource is on the effects of ...
... Many educational resources available on climate change focus on its causes and its mitigation by reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. There are very few educational resources that address adaptation measures that are specific to Pacific islands. The focus of this resource is on the effects of ...
a reprint - Integrative Biology
... on voles indicates that they have excellent potential as climate and ecosystem indicators. Hadly et al. (2004) suggested that even moderate shifts in climate can affect population sizes and genetic variation in some voles, and genetic and morphological variation in voles (Microtus) may be correlated ...
... on voles indicates that they have excellent potential as climate and ecosystem indicators. Hadly et al. (2004) suggested that even moderate shifts in climate can affect population sizes and genetic variation in some voles, and genetic and morphological variation in voles (Microtus) may be correlated ...
Making Science Useful to Decision Makers: Climate
... different disciplinary backgrounds and between scientists and water managers. The authors show how, through construction of knowledge networks and their institutionalization through boundary organizations focused on salient problems, climate information can positively affect water resources decision ...
... different disciplinary backgrounds and between scientists and water managers. The authors show how, through construction of knowledge networks and their institutionalization through boundary organizations focused on salient problems, climate information can positively affect water resources decision ...
A Preliminary Assessment of Ecosystem Vulnerability to Climate
... Ecosystems have evolved to fit specific temperatures and precipitation regimes over millennia. Some ecosystems exist in regions where there are naturally large variations in climate within and between years. Each ecosystem can thus be said to be adapted to fit a climatic “space” that accounts both f ...
... Ecosystems have evolved to fit specific temperatures and precipitation regimes over millennia. Some ecosystems exist in regions where there are naturally large variations in climate within and between years. Each ecosystem can thus be said to be adapted to fit a climatic “space” that accounts both f ...
GOVERNMENT LIABILITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE: SELECTED LEGAL ISSUES RELATED TO FLOOD
... expected in the coming years. This is particularly true where scientific studies quantify climate change and increases in the frequency and intensity of flooding. To reduce flood damages from climate change, governments can strengthen their floodplain regulations including revised floodplain maps, i ...
... expected in the coming years. This is particularly true where scientific studies quantify climate change and increases in the frequency and intensity of flooding. To reduce flood damages from climate change, governments can strengthen their floodplain regulations including revised floodplain maps, i ...
Input from IOC - Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research
... of the Parties-15) meeting concerning control and target emissions of greenhouse gases, there are concerns that suggested mitigation actions may not be sufficient or may not be implemented in time to avoid adverse impacts from climate change. In that scenario, some geo-engineering methods are being ...
... of the Parties-15) meeting concerning control and target emissions of greenhouse gases, there are concerns that suggested mitigation actions may not be sufficient or may not be implemented in time to avoid adverse impacts from climate change. In that scenario, some geo-engineering methods are being ...
THE BIG LIE - Council for American Students in International
... some scientists warning that the very survival of the human species is at stake. Urgent action is needed to avoid catastrophe. Yet, the United States has still failed to take meaningful steps to mitigate GHG emissions or exercise international leadership on the issue, likely due to energy industry p ...
... some scientists warning that the very survival of the human species is at stake. Urgent action is needed to avoid catastrophe. Yet, the United States has still failed to take meaningful steps to mitigate GHG emissions or exercise international leadership on the issue, likely due to energy industry p ...
Did high Neo-Tethys subduction rates contribute to early Cenozoic
... CO2 (i.e enriched in 12 C) or/and decreased net organic carbon burial (Hilting et al, 2008; Komar et al. 2013). In contrast, despite warm temperature, the EECO was associated with a rise in δ 13 C (Cramer et al., 2009), indicative of the addition of heavy CO2 or/and alternatively by increased net or ...
... CO2 (i.e enriched in 12 C) or/and decreased net organic carbon burial (Hilting et al, 2008; Komar et al. 2013). In contrast, despite warm temperature, the EECO was associated with a rise in δ 13 C (Cramer et al., 2009), indicative of the addition of heavy CO2 or/and alternatively by increased net or ...
Climate Change and Security in Africa
... more violent conflict than any other continent in the last four decades” (Commission for Africa, 2005). Most of the world’s armed conflicts now take place in sub-Saharan Africa and at the turn of the 21st century more people were being killed in wars in this region than in the rest of the world comb ...
... more violent conflict than any other continent in the last four decades” (Commission for Africa, 2005). Most of the world’s armed conflicts now take place in sub-Saharan Africa and at the turn of the 21st century more people were being killed in wars in this region than in the rest of the world comb ...
Guide to Considering Climate Change in Project Development in
... Since the start of the industrial revolution, human activities have been causing greenhouse gas (GHG) levels in the atmosphere to rapidly increase. These gases help control the earth’s temperature to make it habitable. However, as the graphic below explains, increased levels of GHGs have caused a ...
... Since the start of the industrial revolution, human activities have been causing greenhouse gas (GHG) levels in the atmosphere to rapidly increase. These gases help control the earth’s temperature to make it habitable. However, as the graphic below explains, increased levels of GHGs have caused a ...
Making Climate Data Relevant to Decision Making: The important
... science and decision-makers preparing for a future climate. There is no shortage of scientific data that has been produced about climate change, but very little of this information is relevant to onthe-ground decision making about these types of specific climate change impacts. This is due to differ ...
... science and decision-makers preparing for a future climate. There is no shortage of scientific data that has been produced about climate change, but very little of this information is relevant to onthe-ground decision making about these types of specific climate change impacts. This is due to differ ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""