Guide to Considering Climate Change in Project Development in
... Since the start of the industrial revolution, human activities have been causing greenhouse gas (GHG) levels in the atmosphere to rapidly increase. These gases help control the earth’s temperature to make it habitable. However, as the graphic below explains, increased levels of GHGs have caused a ...
... Since the start of the industrial revolution, human activities have been causing greenhouse gas (GHG) levels in the atmosphere to rapidly increase. These gases help control the earth’s temperature to make it habitable. However, as the graphic below explains, increased levels of GHGs have caused a ...
Word version of course outline - Vula
... of presenting the theory and linking it to key literature. Examples are provided in many places of how the theory is applied in case studies, often from work that the lecturer has been involved in and relevant to the southern African region. It is suggested that teachers who use this material in oth ...
... of presenting the theory and linking it to key literature. Examples are provided in many places of how the theory is applied in case studies, often from work that the lecturer has been involved in and relevant to the southern African region. It is suggested that teachers who use this material in oth ...
early human health effects of climate change and stratospheric
... with the advent of climate change. However, further research is needed to clarify these and future relationships. It is anticipated that climate change and stratospheric ozone depletion will have a range of health impacts. Some will result from direct effects (e.g heatwave-related deaths and skin ca ...
... with the advent of climate change. However, further research is needed to clarify these and future relationships. It is anticipated that climate change and stratospheric ozone depletion will have a range of health impacts. Some will result from direct effects (e.g heatwave-related deaths and skin ca ...
Making Climate Data Relevant to Decision Making: The important
... science and decision-makers preparing for a future climate. There is no shortage of scientific data that has been produced about climate change, but very little of this information is relevant to onthe-ground decision making about these types of specific climate change impacts. This is due to differ ...
... science and decision-makers preparing for a future climate. There is no shortage of scientific data that has been produced about climate change, but very little of this information is relevant to onthe-ground decision making about these types of specific climate change impacts. This is due to differ ...
Impact of climate change on soil frost under snow cover in a forested
... gas forcing remains invariant (i.e. ∆Tregional/∆Tglobal is nearly constant) both over time and at different levels of greenhouse gas forcing in HadCM2. Assuming this, one can use the global annual mean temperature change in the timing of SCEN. Hulme et al. (2000) have tuned a simple climate model to ...
... gas forcing remains invariant (i.e. ∆Tregional/∆Tglobal is nearly constant) both over time and at different levels of greenhouse gas forcing in HadCM2. Assuming this, one can use the global annual mean temperature change in the timing of SCEN. Hulme et al. (2000) have tuned a simple climate model to ...
Project Document for CEO Approval
... export crop. The main food crops are rice and coarse grains (millet, sorghum and maize), which are both vulnerable to climate change. Switching to less vulnerable crops/cultivars is a desirable adaptation measure. 5. Average rainfall has declined by 30% in the last half century. The country is direc ...
... export crop. The main food crops are rice and coarse grains (millet, sorghum and maize), which are both vulnerable to climate change. Switching to less vulnerable crops/cultivars is a desirable adaptation measure. 5. Average rainfall has declined by 30% in the last half century. The country is direc ...
Applying Risk Informed Decision-Making Framework for Climate
... Resources Development Act (WRDA) of 1986, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Honolulu District with the State of Hawaiˋi’s Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) is developing the watershed plan that will provide the comprehensive strategy to guide the West Maui R2R Initiative. On the ...
... Resources Development Act (WRDA) of 1986, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Honolulu District with the State of Hawaiˋi’s Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) is developing the watershed plan that will provide the comprehensive strategy to guide the West Maui R2R Initiative. On the ...
Complex Life Cycles and the Responses of Insects to Climate Change
... other factors, including oxygen and water, may be important as well; e.g., low humidity may help eggs survive short heat shocks if they, or their host’s leaves, can cool themselves significantly via evaporation. Potter et al. (2009) have recently explored the performance of eggs, of M. sexta, in the ...
... other factors, including oxygen and water, may be important as well; e.g., low humidity may help eggs survive short heat shocks if they, or their host’s leaves, can cool themselves significantly via evaporation. Potter et al. (2009) have recently explored the performance of eggs, of M. sexta, in the ...
A climate of uncertainty: accounting for error in climate variables for
... of the PRISM climate-elevation regression function. The jackknife method involved removing, in turn, each station value from the data set, estimating it in its absence, and returning the station to the data set. While jack-knife error estimation is a useful independent measure of interpolation uncer ...
... of the PRISM climate-elevation regression function. The jackknife method involved removing, in turn, each station value from the data set, estimating it in its absence, and returning the station to the data set. While jack-knife error estimation is a useful independent measure of interpolation uncer ...
Adaptation investments
... variability, adaptive capacity is mainly determined by socio-economic factors, such as income, demographic trends, institutional capacity, political stability and the quality of education, water and health facilities. It is in fact these socio-economic dimensions that drive much of the vulnerability ...
... variability, adaptive capacity is mainly determined by socio-economic factors, such as income, demographic trends, institutional capacity, political stability and the quality of education, water and health facilities. It is in fact these socio-economic dimensions that drive much of the vulnerability ...
Lash et al 2014 RWH and Adaptation final submitted
... is more conservative than the IPCC A1FI scenario used for this study. While annual rainfall in the UK is not predicted to change by more than a few per cent the distribution of rainfall is. It is projected that there will be significantly more rainfall in winter and a reduction in summer. The intens ...
... is more conservative than the IPCC A1FI scenario used for this study. While annual rainfall in the UK is not predicted to change by more than a few per cent the distribution of rainfall is. It is projected that there will be significantly more rainfall in winter and a reduction in summer. The intens ...
SimCLIM 2013 Data Manual 1 November 2013 Prepared By:
... to specific cases, these data are post-processed, standardized, and then are maintained by CLIMsystems for inclusion in SimCLIM. SimCLIM supports both of spatial and site data. For the former, a region is used as the minimum data management unit, which ranges from global to a relatively small river ...
... to specific cases, these data are post-processed, standardized, and then are maintained by CLIMsystems for inclusion in SimCLIM. SimCLIM supports both of spatial and site data. For the former, a region is used as the minimum data management unit, which ranges from global to a relatively small river ...
201510 v5 USEA
... Main Sources of CO2 emissions in the U.S. U.S. Carbon Dioxide Emissions, By Source ...
... Main Sources of CO2 emissions in the U.S. U.S. Carbon Dioxide Emissions, By Source ...
A strategic approach to adaptation in Europe (628 kB) (opens in new window)
... The first step in a strategic approach to adaptation is to develop an understanding of the main areas of vulnerability to climate change. A broad sense of the main vulnerabilities will help policy makers to set the right sector and geographic priorities. Developing this sense of key vulnerabilities ...
... The first step in a strategic approach to adaptation is to develop an understanding of the main areas of vulnerability to climate change. A broad sense of the main vulnerabilities will help policy makers to set the right sector and geographic priorities. Developing this sense of key vulnerabilities ...
Aquatic Microbial Ecology 70:17 - ICM-CSIC
... Seuthe et al. 2011). However, viral lysis of bacterioplankton interrupts this cycle and converts the particulate organic matter back into dissolved organic matter, which then becomes available again to other bacteria (Fuhrman 1999). Temperature is a potentially limiting factor that affects biogeoche ...
... Seuthe et al. 2011). However, viral lysis of bacterioplankton interrupts this cycle and converts the particulate organic matter back into dissolved organic matter, which then becomes available again to other bacteria (Fuhrman 1999). Temperature is a potentially limiting factor that affects biogeoche ...
Club Club - OECD.org
... suggest an increase, especially for summer. This warming is likely to be higher than the global average, with temperatures increasing between 3 and 4 degrees by the end of the century with respect to the last twenty years of the 20 th century. Geographically, the greatest warming (~4 degrees) occurs ...
... suggest an increase, especially for summer. This warming is likely to be higher than the global average, with temperatures increasing between 3 and 4 degrees by the end of the century with respect to the last twenty years of the 20 th century. Geographically, the greatest warming (~4 degrees) occurs ...
Pollution of Lakes and Rivers Chapter 15
... Decreases in the DOC due to acidification and rising temperatures may have severely affected a lakes ability to filter out harmful UV-B radiation Paleolimnological methods used to track changes in lake DOC include diatom transfer functions and fossil pigments As new problems are constantly being ide ...
... Decreases in the DOC due to acidification and rising temperatures may have severely affected a lakes ability to filter out harmful UV-B radiation Paleolimnological methods used to track changes in lake DOC include diatom transfer functions and fossil pigments As new problems are constantly being ide ...
ocean acidification`s potential to alter Global Marine ecosystem
... the calcification rates of mollusks, corals, and echinoderms decline with decreasing CO 32– ion concentrations in seawater (reviewed in Kleypas et al., 2006; Fabry et al., 2008; Doney et al., 2009a). Crustacean calcification also changes (Ries et al., 2008), and the mass and calcification of plankto ...
... the calcification rates of mollusks, corals, and echinoderms decline with decreasing CO 32– ion concentrations in seawater (reviewed in Kleypas et al., 2006; Fabry et al., 2008; Doney et al., 2009a). Crustacean calcification also changes (Ries et al., 2008), and the mass and calcification of plankto ...
Full-Text
... Smallholder French beans farmers are usually certified under the Global-GAP standards option for producer groups upon compliance with farm audits [44]. To acquire certification status, individual farmers normally form producer group which then pursue compliance with certification regulation points. ...
... Smallholder French beans farmers are usually certified under the Global-GAP standards option for producer groups upon compliance with farm audits [44]. To acquire certification status, individual farmers normally form producer group which then pursue compliance with certification regulation points. ...
Contested science in the media: linguistic traces of
... the kind mentioned above, there may also be traces of deliberative rhetoric (involving choice and preferred action). As media plays such a vital role in science communication (cf. the quote from Nelkin 1995 rendered above), journalists’ framing of these issues is likely to have a substantial impact ...
... the kind mentioned above, there may also be traces of deliberative rhetoric (involving choice and preferred action). As media plays such a vital role in science communication (cf. the quote from Nelkin 1995 rendered above), journalists’ framing of these issues is likely to have a substantial impact ...
Guidelines for Responding to the Effects of Climate Change in
... on Coastal and Ocean Engineering (NCCOE, 1991; refer also Appendix A herein, and NCCOE, 2004a), and is designed to complement the coastal engineering guidelines for ecologically sustainable development (NCCOE, 2004b) which are currently being upgraded. It represents an expansion of the earlier docum ...
... on Coastal and Ocean Engineering (NCCOE, 1991; refer also Appendix A herein, and NCCOE, 2004a), and is designed to complement the coastal engineering guidelines for ecologically sustainable development (NCCOE, 2004b) which are currently being upgraded. It represents an expansion of the earlier docum ...
Policy Brief Series - IOM Online Bookstore
... Environmental changes are not expected to lead to significant increase in outmigration from Mauritius, nor create large contingents of internal migrants (IOM, 2011b). However, changing access and availability of resources and its dividends on livelihoods is likely to increase pressure on local commu ...
... Environmental changes are not expected to lead to significant increase in outmigration from Mauritius, nor create large contingents of internal migrants (IOM, 2011b). However, changing access and availability of resources and its dividends on livelihoods is likely to increase pressure on local commu ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""