Exceptional twentieth-century slowdown in Atlantic Ocean
... transport associated with the AMOC, changes in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) can be used as an indirect indicator of the AMOC evolution2 . Dima and Lohmann3 identified two distinct modes in global SST evolution, one associated with a gradual decline of the global thermohaline circulation and one d ...
... transport associated with the AMOC, changes in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) can be used as an indirect indicator of the AMOC evolution2 . Dima and Lohmann3 identified two distinct modes in global SST evolution, one associated with a gradual decline of the global thermohaline circulation and one d ...
Quantifying Intensive and extensive margin adaptation responses to
... sole source of energy used for cooling.1 The increased demand for electricity due to a higher demand for cooling is expected to be significant - especially during peak times (e.g., Hayhoe et al. 2010; Miller et al. 2008). In previous work (Aroonruengsawat and Auffhammer 2012 [hereafter AA]), have sh ...
... sole source of energy used for cooling.1 The increased demand for electricity due to a higher demand for cooling is expected to be significant - especially during peak times (e.g., Hayhoe et al. 2010; Miller et al. 2008). In previous work (Aroonruengsawat and Auffhammer 2012 [hereafter AA]), have sh ...
osu climate plan draft - Finance and Administration
... In the same way the OSU Strategic Plan addresses the university’s mission on a broad scale, a strategic effort is necessary to articulate an institutional vision to move toward climate neutrality. Indeed, this climate plan highlights and builds on the strong emphasis on sustainability in the Strateg ...
... In the same way the OSU Strategic Plan addresses the university’s mission on a broad scale, a strategic effort is necessary to articulate an institutional vision to move toward climate neutrality. Indeed, this climate plan highlights and builds on the strong emphasis on sustainability in the Strateg ...
united nations - Stockholm Convention
... Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) data is very important. Add: The results obtained from the analysis of data from 20 years of air monitoring in the Arctic, show that if conditions remain or become warmer it would release a larger amount of persistent organic pollutants into the atmo ...
... Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) data is very important. Add: The results obtained from the analysis of data from 20 years of air monitoring in the Arctic, show that if conditions remain or become warmer it would release a larger amount of persistent organic pollutants into the atmo ...
Advancing adaptation through climate information services
... they usually spoke about reducing greenhouse gas emissions. While the reasons for focusing on climate change mitigation are manifold and convincing, it appears true that the urgent need to seriously think about, and take action on, adapting to climate change has been somewhat neglected. The relation ...
... they usually spoke about reducing greenhouse gas emissions. While the reasons for focusing on climate change mitigation are manifold and convincing, it appears true that the urgent need to seriously think about, and take action on, adapting to climate change has been somewhat neglected. The relation ...
Confronting Climate Change in the US Northeast
... cycle that produces snowy winters, verdant springs, humid summers, and brilliant autumns, and the year-to-year and seasonal variability that includes extreme events such as nor’easters, ice storms, and heat waves. This long-familiar climate has already begun changing in noticeable ways, however. S ...
... cycle that produces snowy winters, verdant springs, humid summers, and brilliant autumns, and the year-to-year and seasonal variability that includes extreme events such as nor’easters, ice storms, and heat waves. This long-familiar climate has already begun changing in noticeable ways, however. S ...
MeetingReport-CC_and_Displacement
... states, to draw-up plans to address displacement-related aspects of climate change. In this context it was noted that human rights law provided a useful framework, given that planning was a key human rights duty provided for under international law. b) Be Wary of the Dangers of Poor Resettlement - ...
... states, to draw-up plans to address displacement-related aspects of climate change. In this context it was noted that human rights law provided a useful framework, given that planning was a key human rights duty provided for under international law. b) Be Wary of the Dangers of Poor Resettlement - ...
Uncertainty, scepticism and attitudes towards climate change
... Introduction – Uncertainty, climate change & public engagement Despite the well-established body of scientific evidence that the warming of the Earth over the last half-century has been caused largely by human activity (for a recent summary, see Royal Society, 2010), debates about climate change are ...
... Introduction – Uncertainty, climate change & public engagement Despite the well-established body of scientific evidence that the warming of the Earth over the last half-century has been caused largely by human activity (for a recent summary, see Royal Society, 2010), debates about climate change are ...
Arctic air pollution: Challenges and opportunities for the next decade
... sulphur species, methane, and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from Arctic sources are ...
... sulphur species, methane, and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from Arctic sources are ...
PBL rapport 500114012 Meeting the 2 degrees Celsius target
... less, are needed to keep a reasonable chance of staying below the 2 °C target. A 450 ppm CO2 eq level corresponds to about 20 to 70% probability of staying below this target, a 400 ppm CO2 eq level corresponds to a probability of between 40 and 90%. These concentration levels are consistent with CO2 ...
... less, are needed to keep a reasonable chance of staying below the 2 °C target. A 450 ppm CO2 eq level corresponds to about 20 to 70% probability of staying below this target, a 400 ppm CO2 eq level corresponds to a probability of between 40 and 90%. These concentration levels are consistent with CO2 ...
IPCC WGI AR5 Chapter Template
... decade), which begins with a strong El Niño, is smaller than the rate calculated since 1951 (1951–2012; 0.12 [0.08 to 0.14] °C per decade). {1.1.1, Box 1.1} Ocean warming dominates the increase in energy stored in the climate system, accounting for more than 90% of the energy accumulated between 197 ...
... decade), which begins with a strong El Niño, is smaller than the rate calculated since 1951 (1951–2012; 0.12 [0.08 to 0.14] °C per decade). {1.1.1, Box 1.1} Ocean warming dominates the increase in energy stored in the climate system, accounting for more than 90% of the energy accumulated between 197 ...
(2003) Weed Management Guide: Orange Hawkweed (Hieracium
... conditions is presented, based on invader attributes and biogeography in combination with projections of future climate. We illustrate the framework using the CLIMEX niche model to identify future climate suitability for three species of Hawkweed that are currently present in the Australian Alps reg ...
... conditions is presented, based on invader attributes and biogeography in combination with projections of future climate. We illustrate the framework using the CLIMEX niche model to identify future climate suitability for three species of Hawkweed that are currently present in the Australian Alps reg ...
23-3_sabine
... scientific investigation of ocean carbon. Roger Revelle (Scripps Institution of Oceanography) first articulated the principal need for international and intergovernmental coordination to address global-scale problems such as climate change when IOC was first developed. Regional to global-scale carbo ...
... scientific investigation of ocean carbon. Roger Revelle (Scripps Institution of Oceanography) first articulated the principal need for international and intergovernmental coordination to address global-scale problems such as climate change when IOC was first developed. Regional to global-scale carbo ...
Black Carbon A Review and Policy Recommendations Authors
... and cardiovascular health. BC also acts as a powerful global warming agent. It has a global radiative forcing that may exceed that of methane (the second most important greenhouse gas) and may equal as much as one-third of the radiative forcing from all long-lived greenhouse gases (GHG). Because BC ...
... and cardiovascular health. BC also acts as a powerful global warming agent. It has a global radiative forcing that may exceed that of methane (the second most important greenhouse gas) and may equal as much as one-third of the radiative forcing from all long-lived greenhouse gases (GHG). Because BC ...
PDF
... higher resolution (50650 km) regional climate models show that temperature and precipitation in the Himalayan region will continue to increase in future [12], and these changes are further likely to impact the distribution of biodiversity, as for example, predicted for Rhododendrons [13]. However, p ...
... higher resolution (50650 km) regional climate models show that temperature and precipitation in the Himalayan region will continue to increase in future [12], and these changes are further likely to impact the distribution of biodiversity, as for example, predicted for Rhododendrons [13]. However, p ...
Australia`s Biodiversity in a changing climate
... Whilst the National Reserve System in Australia is designated primarily for the purpose of biodiversity conservation, protected areas have additional value in storing and sequestering carbon. About 15% of the global terrestrial carbon stock is currently within protected areas3. Effective management ...
... Whilst the National Reserve System in Australia is designated primarily for the purpose of biodiversity conservation, protected areas have additional value in storing and sequestering carbon. About 15% of the global terrestrial carbon stock is currently within protected areas3. Effective management ...
Adaptation measures for floods, storm surges, and sea level rise
... ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE “Adaptation refers to any activity that reduces the negative impacts of climate change and and/or positions us to take advantage of new opportunities that may be presented” (Warren & Egginton, 2008, p. 29). The goals of adaptation are to alleviate current impacts, reduce s ...
... ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE “Adaptation refers to any activity that reduces the negative impacts of climate change and and/or positions us to take advantage of new opportunities that may be presented” (Warren & Egginton, 2008, p. 29). The goals of adaptation are to alleviate current impacts, reduce s ...
Full Text - Oxford Academic
... estimate meta-analysis methods,26,27 to account for potential correlation of estimates within the same publication. We assumed a within-study correlation of 0.1, but evaluated estimates at rho ¼ 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 and found that point estimates and confidence intervals varied by < 0.001 acro ...
... estimate meta-analysis methods,26,27 to account for potential correlation of estimates within the same publication. We assumed a within-study correlation of 0.1, but evaluated estimates at rho ¼ 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 and found that point estimates and confidence intervals varied by < 0.001 acro ...
Bewertung der Risiken des Klimawandels für
... of human-induced climate change is now overcoming the natural ability of ecosystems to adapt. The rate of temperature increase is unprecedented. A fragmented landscape, often simplified forest composition and structure and pressures such as forest dieback, new pests and storms make autonomous forest ...
... of human-induced climate change is now overcoming the natural ability of ecosystems to adapt. The rate of temperature increase is unprecedented. A fragmented landscape, often simplified forest composition and structure and pressures such as forest dieback, new pests and storms make autonomous forest ...
SID5 Form - Defra Science Search
... the main GECC meeting, the Secretariat prioritise the key attendees and work to ensure that these representatives can attend. If date options are still available, the membership can be polled in coordination with Defra, otherwise they will be informed. Arrangements for the room are made with Defra a ...
... the main GECC meeting, the Secretariat prioritise the key attendees and work to ensure that these representatives can attend. If date options are still available, the membership can be polled in coordination with Defra, otherwise they will be informed. Arrangements for the room are made with Defra a ...
The Potential Impact of Climate Change on Insurance Regulation
... changes are principles that can guide public policy, private investment, and insurance practices.1 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a scientific intergovernmental body set up by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). ...
... changes are principles that can guide public policy, private investment, and insurance practices.1 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a scientific intergovernmental body set up by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). ...
a new approach to international greenhouse gas controls
... commitment period. In this case, Country A would need to demonstrate 6 MtC of reductions (5% of 120), either domestically or through international purchases. Conversely, economic stagnation would have the opposite effect. If emissions turn out to be only 80 MtC during the commitment period, Country ...
... commitment period. In this case, Country A would need to demonstrate 6 MtC of reductions (5% of 120), either domestically or through international purchases. Conversely, economic stagnation would have the opposite effect. If emissions turn out to be only 80 MtC during the commitment period, Country ...
PDF
... climate damage and abatement effort, is (1 − Pt ) (1 − xt ). The consumption loss due to mitigation expenditures and remaining climate-related damage, as a fraction of the no-damage no-control level is ∆t = 1 − (1 − Pt ) (1 − xt ). The model allows a constant growth rate in income and a constant elas ...
... climate damage and abatement effort, is (1 − Pt ) (1 − xt ). The consumption loss due to mitigation expenditures and remaining climate-related damage, as a fraction of the no-damage no-control level is ∆t = 1 − (1 − Pt ) (1 − xt ). The model allows a constant growth rate in income and a constant elas ...
SEEKING CLIMATE JUSTICE: A CRITICAL RESPONSE TO SINGER
... different principles to share the burden of carbon emissions and adapt with climate change. I critically respond to Singer’s views on climate justice. I use conceptual method that engages in interpreting different principles related to climate justice. Singer, in his work One World, offers two princ ...
... different principles to share the burden of carbon emissions and adapt with climate change. I critically respond to Singer’s views on climate justice. I use conceptual method that engages in interpreting different principles related to climate justice. Singer, in his work One World, offers two princ ...
On the Potential for Abrupt Arctic Winter Sea Ice Loss
... This warming due to the cloud radiative effect would then help to keep the Arctic ice-free. In this study we propose a different explanation for the abrupt sea ice loss in MPI-ESM that also explains the sensitive Arctic winter sea ice area in the other models: the freezing temperature imposes a thre ...
... This warming due to the cloud radiative effect would then help to keep the Arctic ice-free. In this study we propose a different explanation for the abrupt sea ice loss in MPI-ESM that also explains the sensitive Arctic winter sea ice area in the other models: the freezing temperature imposes a thre ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""