A Game of Preferences:
... emission reduction targets to constitute a U.S. climate foreign policy commitment. Indeed, since the U.S. has never ratified a treaty requiring it to reduce its GHG emissions, the only commitment the U.S. has made to date under this definition is the one implicit in the Environmental Protection Age ...
... emission reduction targets to constitute a U.S. climate foreign policy commitment. Indeed, since the U.S. has never ratified a treaty requiring it to reduce its GHG emissions, the only commitment the U.S. has made to date under this definition is the one implicit in the Environmental Protection Age ...
The Health Effects of Climate Change in the WHO European Region
... cities [18]. A study in Central Italy found that a 1 °C increase in temperature above a threshold was associated with an increase in mortality of up to 15.97% among people aged 75 years or more, over a lag period of 30 days [19]. A lag effect is evident for heat- and heatwave-related mortality and m ...
... cities [18]. A study in Central Italy found that a 1 °C increase in temperature above a threshold was associated with an increase in mortality of up to 15.97% among people aged 75 years or more, over a lag period of 30 days [19]. A lag effect is evident for heat- and heatwave-related mortality and m ...
Hydrological controls on the tropospheric ozone greenhouse gas
... The influence of the hydrological cycle in the greenhouse gas (GHG) effect of tropospheric ozone (O3) is quantified in terms of the O3 longwave radiative effect (LWRE), which is defined as the net reduction of top-of-atmosphere flux due to total tropospheric O3 absorption. The O3 LWRE derived from t ...
... The influence of the hydrological cycle in the greenhouse gas (GHG) effect of tropospheric ozone (O3) is quantified in terms of the O3 longwave radiative effect (LWRE), which is defined as the net reduction of top-of-atmosphere flux due to total tropospheric O3 absorption. The O3 LWRE derived from t ...
Climate Change
... practices, with the approval of the knowledge holders, whenever it might contribute to the conservation and sustainability of biological diversity, including in the context of climate change. When considering what the knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities can contr ...
... practices, with the approval of the knowledge holders, whenever it might contribute to the conservation and sustainability of biological diversity, including in the context of climate change. When considering what the knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities can contr ...
HEAT IN THE HEARTLAND: Climate Change and Economic Risk in
... this jump will be more than 20% by mid-century. »»Precipitation will likely become more extreme. While it’s difficult to predict future rain and snowfall, climate change is likely to increase the incidence of extreme rainfall events across the Midwest, leading to flooding and related property and cr ...
... this jump will be more than 20% by mid-century. »»Precipitation will likely become more extreme. While it’s difficult to predict future rain and snowfall, climate change is likely to increase the incidence of extreme rainfall events across the Midwest, leading to flooding and related property and cr ...
PDF
... number of counties in specific states; u denotes the number of years for which a certain climate scenario generates lower crop yields as compared with the historical average; and A denotes the county-level harvested acreage. A county with higher harvested acreage is given more weight. A CCII higher ...
... number of counties in specific states; u denotes the number of years for which a certain climate scenario generates lower crop yields as compared with the historical average; and A denotes the county-level harvested acreage. A county with higher harvested acreage is given more weight. A CCII higher ...
A comparison of local and aggregated climate model outputs with
... INTRODUCTION According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), global circulation models (GCM) are able to “reproduce features of the past climates and climate changes” (Randall et al., 2007, p. 601). Here we test whether this is indeed the case. We examine how well several model ou ...
... INTRODUCTION According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), global circulation models (GCM) are able to “reproduce features of the past climates and climate changes” (Randall et al., 2007, p. 601). Here we test whether this is indeed the case. We examine how well several model ou ...
Modelling the Miocene climatic optimum, Part 1: land and atmosphere
... polar stratosphere during wintertime increases relative humidity and consequently increases ...
... polar stratosphere during wintertime increases relative humidity and consequently increases ...
ACIA Ch02 Final - Arctic Climate Impact Assessment
... of cold oceans to small changes in salinity are processes that could contribute to unusually large and rapid climate change in the Arctic. The arctic climate is a complex system with multiple interactions with the global climate system.The phase of the Arctic Oscillation was at its most negative in ...
... of cold oceans to small changes in salinity are processes that could contribute to unusually large and rapid climate change in the Arctic. The arctic climate is a complex system with multiple interactions with the global climate system.The phase of the Arctic Oscillation was at its most negative in ...
Climate Change and Your Health: Rising Temperatures, Worsening
... A survey of some of the published studies that investigate the connections between climate change and ozone levels provided rough estimates of climate penalty factors. The majority surveyed were air quality modeling studies using various models, climate scenarios, time horizons, and regions of fo ...
... A survey of some of the published studies that investigate the connections between climate change and ozone levels provided rough estimates of climate penalty factors. The majority surveyed were air quality modeling studies using various models, climate scenarios, time horizons, and regions of fo ...
Weathering the Storm: the impact of climate change
... interdependent with economies elsewhere in the world, vulnerable to climate change impacts occurring overseas, as well as those in the UK. Daniel Dowling, Assistant Director of Climate Change and International Development at PwC, emphasised this to the Committee: London, as a globalised city, is pot ...
... interdependent with economies elsewhere in the world, vulnerable to climate change impacts occurring overseas, as well as those in the UK. Daniel Dowling, Assistant Director of Climate Change and International Development at PwC, emphasised this to the Committee: London, as a globalised city, is pot ...
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... Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007), the most recent available at the time of this study. The Fourth Assessment synthesizes climate projections from 24 global climate models that participated in the World Climate Research Project’s third Coupled Model Inte ...
... Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007), the most recent available at the time of this study. The Fourth Assessment synthesizes climate projections from 24 global climate models that participated in the World Climate Research Project’s third Coupled Model Inte ...
Chapter 17 CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE COURTS: JURISDICTION
... and has become perhaps an even higher hurdle than observers would have expected before Massachusetts. Section II explores these issues. Several courts, particularly in the context of public nuisance claims, have also wrestled with whether the scale and complexity of climate change make courts suitab ...
... and has become perhaps an even higher hurdle than observers would have expected before Massachusetts. Section II explores these issues. Several courts, particularly in the context of public nuisance claims, have also wrestled with whether the scale and complexity of climate change make courts suitab ...
UK Climate action following the Paris Agreement
... every five years, with stocktakes of the pledges occurring every five years from 2023. ...
... every five years, with stocktakes of the pledges occurring every five years from 2023. ...
Geographical restructuring of Arabidopsis thaliana`s
... and strategies. Yet, we need to factor in intraspecific genetic variation since a species is an ...
... and strategies. Yet, we need to factor in intraspecific genetic variation since a species is an ...
Exceptional twentieth-century slowdown in Atlantic
... transport associated with the AMOC, changes in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) can be used as an indirect indicator of the AMOC evolution2 . Dima and Lohmann3 identified two distinct modes in global SST evolution, one associated with a gradual decline of the global thermohaline circulation and one d ...
... transport associated with the AMOC, changes in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) can be used as an indirect indicator of the AMOC evolution2 . Dima and Lohmann3 identified two distinct modes in global SST evolution, one associated with a gradual decline of the global thermohaline circulation and one d ...
a post-IPCC AR4 update on sea- level rise
... the last 130 years, the rate of sea-level rise has increased and since the launch of satellites to measure sea levels in the early 1990s, it is over 3 mm/year. This rate is unprecedented in the 20 th century. Importantly, sea-level projections for the 21st century from the Intergovernmental Panel on ...
... the last 130 years, the rate of sea-level rise has increased and since the launch of satellites to measure sea levels in the early 1990s, it is over 3 mm/year. This rate is unprecedented in the 20 th century. Importantly, sea-level projections for the 21st century from the Intergovernmental Panel on ...
CLIMATE CHANGE Indicators for Ireland (2000-LS-5.2.2-M1) Final Report
... and Innovation Programme under the Productive Sector Operational Programme 2000-2006. The programme is financed by the Irish Government under the National Development Plan 2000-2006. It is administered on behalf of the Department of the Environment and Local Government by the Environmental Protectio ...
... and Innovation Programme under the Productive Sector Operational Programme 2000-2006. The programme is financed by the Irish Government under the National Development Plan 2000-2006. It is administered on behalf of the Department of the Environment and Local Government by the Environmental Protectio ...
Present and future responses of growing degree days for
... et al. (2007), Greece is characterized by favourable thermal conditions for the cultivation of high productivity crops. This is validated by the current research which adds the fact that these favourable thermal conditions will increase in the future. In summary, the main cultivation period could be ...
... et al. (2007), Greece is characterized by favourable thermal conditions for the cultivation of high productivity crops. This is validated by the current research which adds the fact that these favourable thermal conditions will increase in the future. In summary, the main cultivation period could be ...
Coffee and Climate Change
... more extremes in the climate. Laderach et al 2010 discuss the adaptation options in the face of climate change. Although suitability mapping indicate that there is potential for coffee to move higher to altitudes that are still suitable for coffee there may be other restrictions to this occurring. F ...
... more extremes in the climate. Laderach et al 2010 discuss the adaptation options in the face of climate change. Although suitability mapping indicate that there is potential for coffee to move higher to altitudes that are still suitable for coffee there may be other restrictions to this occurring. F ...
Biological Significance, David Inouye
... – Molau, U., U. Nordenhäll, et al. (2005). "Onset of flowering and climate variability in an alpine landscape: A 10-year study from Swedish Lapland." American Journal of Botany 92(3): 422-431. – Schwartz, M. D., B. C. Reed, et al. (2002). "Assessing satellitederived start-of-season measures in the c ...
... – Molau, U., U. Nordenhäll, et al. (2005). "Onset of flowering and climate variability in an alpine landscape: A 10-year study from Swedish Lapland." American Journal of Botany 92(3): 422-431. – Schwartz, M. D., B. C. Reed, et al. (2002). "Assessing satellitederived start-of-season measures in the c ...
Risk-based assessment of climate change impacts
... and it is often difficult to predict how, where, when and at what magnitude the impacts will occur. Furthermore, DFO is a complex and diverse department and there is a high likelihood that climate change impacts will affect all of its sectors and regions to some extent. As such, past DFO climate cha ...
... and it is often difficult to predict how, where, when and at what magnitude the impacts will occur. Furthermore, DFO is a complex and diverse department and there is a high likelihood that climate change impacts will affect all of its sectors and regions to some extent. As such, past DFO climate cha ...
A Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory for the Borough of State
... While there are many different compounds that can have an effect on global warming and the greenhouse effect, EPA recommends the inventorying of four major gases: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and fluorinated gases. Carbon Dioxide Since the late 1800s, concentrations of C ...
... While there are many different compounds that can have an effect on global warming and the greenhouse effect, EPA recommends the inventorying of four major gases: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and fluorinated gases. Carbon Dioxide Since the late 1800s, concentrations of C ...
Biological Significance of Phenology
... – Molau, U., U. Nordenhäll, et al. (2005). "Onset of flowering and climate variability in an alpine landscape: A 10-year study from Swedish Lapland." American Journal of Botany 92(3): 422-431. – Schwartz, M. D., B. C. Reed, et al. (2002). "Assessing satellitederived start-of-season measures in the c ...
... – Molau, U., U. Nordenhäll, et al. (2005). "Onset of flowering and climate variability in an alpine landscape: A 10-year study from Swedish Lapland." American Journal of Botany 92(3): 422-431. – Schwartz, M. D., B. C. Reed, et al. (2002). "Assessing satellitederived start-of-season measures in the c ...
National Communication Change Climate
... agreed upon was submitted to the National Climate Committee, which approved it at the start of November 2000. ...
... agreed upon was submitted to the National Climate Committee, which approved it at the start of November 2000. ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""