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... Erda (1996) indicates that, with adaptation to climate change, the annual agricultural loss could be US$0.8 to $3.48 billion and, without adaptation, a loss of US$1.37 to $79.98 billion from 2000 to 2050. Research by Liu et al. (2004), based on county-level cross-sectional data on agricultural net r ...
... Erda (1996) indicates that, with adaptation to climate change, the annual agricultural loss could be US$0.8 to $3.48 billion and, without adaptation, a loss of US$1.37 to $79.98 billion from 2000 to 2050. Research by Liu et al. (2004), based on county-level cross-sectional data on agricultural net r ...
Why recognising variability and scale matters for t
... data, we divide the study area into several parts and then identify different change patterns in each part. Through NDVI analysis, we found that due to the control of monsoon climate and geological structure, the temperature, precipitation and the vegetation are characterizing of zonality in Mongol ...
... data, we divide the study area into several parts and then identify different change patterns in each part. Through NDVI analysis, we found that due to the control of monsoon climate and geological structure, the temperature, precipitation and the vegetation are characterizing of zonality in Mongol ...
NAF Public Consultation
... global temperature rise to well below 2℃. According to the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5)1 of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), to achieve this 2°C objective, global greenhouse gas emissions must be reduced by 40-70% by 2050 compared to 2010 and be zero or below in 2100. ...
... global temperature rise to well below 2℃. According to the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5)1 of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), to achieve this 2°C objective, global greenhouse gas emissions must be reduced by 40-70% by 2050 compared to 2010 and be zero or below in 2100. ...
IEM_Final_Report-draft-29sep16 - UAF SNAP
... TEM that could represent water table dynamics and biogeochemistry in an open boreal fen. During 2013 we plan to extend this modeling effort by focusing model development on an open boreal bog that has developed as a consequence of thermokarst disturbance in a black spruce permafrost plateau forest. ...
... TEM that could represent water table dynamics and biogeochemistry in an open boreal fen. During 2013 we plan to extend this modeling effort by focusing model development on an open boreal bog that has developed as a consequence of thermokarst disturbance in a black spruce permafrost plateau forest. ...
The Bottom Line on Climate Change: A Manitoba Business Guide
... fossilized, plant and animal remains. These remains were buried in sediments millions of years ago, and over time, have been converted to their current carbon-rich state. Fossil fuels can be extracted and burned to release stored energy. ...
... fossilized, plant and animal remains. These remains were buried in sediments millions of years ago, and over time, have been converted to their current carbon-rich state. Fossil fuels can be extracted and burned to release stored energy. ...
likely effects of global climate change on the purse seine fishery for
... The abundance of phytoplankton in the Benguela upwelling region supports large standing stocks of zooplankton and small pelagic fish, which in turn supports an important commercial purse seine fishery. Two species of small pelagic fish, anchovy Engraulis capensis and sardine Sardinops sagax dominate ...
... The abundance of phytoplankton in the Benguela upwelling region supports large standing stocks of zooplankton and small pelagic fish, which in turn supports an important commercial purse seine fishery. Two species of small pelagic fish, anchovy Engraulis capensis and sardine Sardinops sagax dominate ...
Buffelsdraai Information Booklet
... The Buffelsdraai Landfill Site Community Reforestation Project was selected and showcased in 2011 by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Momentum for Change Initiative as one of ten ‘Lighthouse Projects’ from around the world. The announcement was made by the UN Secret ...
... The Buffelsdraai Landfill Site Community Reforestation Project was selected and showcased in 2011 by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Momentum for Change Initiative as one of ten ‘Lighthouse Projects’ from around the world. The announcement was made by the UN Secret ...
“There is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming
... Whilst there is some uncertainty surrounding climate change and the associated risks, this is being reduced as better information becomes available. The risk of not acting in good time is ever present. Failing to plan for the future could potentially increase risk and incur higher costs and more dis ...
... Whilst there is some uncertainty surrounding climate change and the associated risks, this is being reduced as better information becomes available. The risk of not acting in good time is ever present. Failing to plan for the future could potentially increase risk and incur higher costs and more dis ...
Second National Communication of Brazil to the United Nations
... Pioneering studies were conducted as part of the Inventory in order to increase scientific knowledge on emissions from the conversion of forest lands to other uses. To this end, a complex, sophisticated and detailed method was developed for the assessment of land use change and forestry, which is ex ...
... Pioneering studies were conducted as part of the Inventory in order to increase scientific knowledge on emissions from the conversion of forest lands to other uses. To this end, a complex, sophisticated and detailed method was developed for the assessment of land use change and forestry, which is ex ...
Win-win? CDM hydropower projects and their - diss.fu
... Since the rise of environmentalism in the 1980s the appreciation of large dams has been impaired profoundly. Reports about the destruction of river ecosystems, the struggle of resistance movements all over the world and the often miserable fate of dam-displaced people, which are estimated to add up ...
... Since the rise of environmentalism in the 1980s the appreciation of large dams has been impaired profoundly. Reports about the destruction of river ecosystems, the struggle of resistance movements all over the world and the often miserable fate of dam-displaced people, which are estimated to add up ...
The effects of extreme drought on climate change beliefs, risk
... mobilize people and resources to prevent and/or adapt to such events. In this study, we use a natural experiment to investigate the effects of the severe 2012 Midwestern US drought on climate change beliefs and adaptation attitudes among agricultural advisors, a group with both a significant stake i ...
... mobilize people and resources to prevent and/or adapt to such events. In this study, we use a natural experiment to investigate the effects of the severe 2012 Midwestern US drought on climate change beliefs and adaptation attitudes among agricultural advisors, a group with both a significant stake i ...
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Framework for
... Worldwide industrial development has caused greenhouse gases to be released into the atmosphere in great volumes. Changes in land use have occurred with increasing surfaces being cleared for urban and agricultural development. Concurrently, substantial increases in air temperature have been observed ...
... Worldwide industrial development has caused greenhouse gases to be released into the atmosphere in great volumes. Changes in land use have occurred with increasing surfaces being cleared for urban and agricultural development. Concurrently, substantial increases in air temperature have been observed ...
mf926e
... and Nutrition (HLPE), as a contribution to their report on climate change and food security. The HLPE Report acknowledges the work of the Commission on climate change and, in Recommendation 2c), suggests that the “Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture could consider identifying pr ...
... and Nutrition (HLPE), as a contribution to their report on climate change and food security. The HLPE Report acknowledges the work of the Commission on climate change and, in Recommendation 2c), suggests that the “Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture could consider identifying pr ...
climate, water, and political-economic crises
... interdependence) will begin to decline vis-à-vis the escalating costs of resource mobilization. Not only will resource extraction become more difficult, resistance to resource extraction will also become greater. Local loyalties will re-emerge as more important than vanishing loyalties to a decaying ...
... interdependence) will begin to decline vis-à-vis the escalating costs of resource mobilization. Not only will resource extraction become more difficult, resistance to resource extraction will also become greater. Local loyalties will re-emerge as more important than vanishing loyalties to a decaying ...
Assessment of impacts of agricultural and climate change scenarios
... provided. The model is comprised of climate, soil, hydrology, management, nutrient cycling and transport, pesticide fate and transport, and several other components. Release 622 also features enhanced algorithms that account for more accurate representation of important switchgrass and miscanthus gr ...
... provided. The model is comprised of climate, soil, hydrology, management, nutrient cycling and transport, pesticide fate and transport, and several other components. Release 622 also features enhanced algorithms that account for more accurate representation of important switchgrass and miscanthus gr ...
Regional Climate Change Adaptation Framework for the
... to climate change, the Baltic Sea Region Climate Change Adaptation Strategy, and the Black Sea Economic Cooperation Climate Change Adaptation Strategy. Additionally, the Mediterranean countries’ communications to the UNFCCC were reviewed as well as major publications from UN Environment and internat ...
... to climate change, the Baltic Sea Region Climate Change Adaptation Strategy, and the Black Sea Economic Cooperation Climate Change Adaptation Strategy. Additionally, the Mediterranean countries’ communications to the UNFCCC were reviewed as well as major publications from UN Environment and internat ...
Working Paper 9: Climate Change as a Threat Multiplier for Human
... potential effects of global warming; now we know that the researchers had in fact underestimated both causes and effects. Although uncertainty and unpredictability remain, the scientific basis of climate change is now well established. It suggests that change is happening more quickly than previousl ...
... potential effects of global warming; now we know that the researchers had in fact underestimated both causes and effects. Although uncertainty and unpredictability remain, the scientific basis of climate change is now well established. It suggests that change is happening more quickly than previousl ...
Climate Change in Japanese History and Prehistory
... is, and we are. The question is no longer what is happening or why; it is what we can expect if present trends continue and what, if anything, we can do to slow or halt them. Although popular accounts sometimes give the impression that climate was relatively stable before people began burning fossil ...
... is, and we are. The question is no longer what is happening or why; it is what we can expect if present trends continue and what, if anything, we can do to slow or halt them. Although popular accounts sometimes give the impression that climate was relatively stable before people began burning fossil ...
Beyond Divestment: Taking Decisive Action on Climate Change
... Major efforts are underway globally in the investment and banking sectors to raise awareness of climate-related risk, and to develop standardized methodologies and metrics for assessing such risk so that investment managers can make betterinformed decisions.8 The Financial Stability Board (FSB), whi ...
... Major efforts are underway globally in the investment and banking sectors to raise awareness of climate-related risk, and to develop standardized methodologies and metrics for assessing such risk so that investment managers can make betterinformed decisions.8 The Financial Stability Board (FSB), whi ...
Fors..a og baks..a - Arctic Portal Library
... 4. That sets of selected individuals in field transplant gardens be subjected to a common garden (environmental) experiment and assessed in terms of genetic variation within each species population and its phenotypic response in order to evaluate probable adaptations to climate change; 5. The more c ...
... 4. That sets of selected individuals in field transplant gardens be subjected to a common garden (environmental) experiment and assessed in terms of genetic variation within each species population and its phenotypic response in order to evaluate probable adaptations to climate change; 5. The more c ...
i4332e09
... is concentrated in Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean, while cooking bananas are found primarily in Asia (India, Indonesia and the Philippines) and East Africa. Other dessert bananas are found primarily in Asia and Latin America. Plantains are concentrated in West and Central Africa and Latin ...
... is concentrated in Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean, while cooking bananas are found primarily in Asia (India, Indonesia and the Philippines) and East Africa. Other dessert bananas are found primarily in Asia and Latin America. Plantains are concentrated in West and Central Africa and Latin ...
1 UNIT 4 The West, the Rest, and Climate Change Student`s File (4
... especially China in world GDP will grow”, and went on to suggest that “in line with these prospects, world policymaking forums should be reorganized” to give more power to BRICs. After first suggesting that the BRIC economies could collectively rival the G-7 (the United States, United Kingdom, Franc ...
... especially China in world GDP will grow”, and went on to suggest that “in line with these prospects, world policymaking forums should be reorganized” to give more power to BRICs. After first suggesting that the BRIC economies could collectively rival the G-7 (the United States, United Kingdom, Franc ...
From adaptation to climate-resilient development: the costs of climate-proofing the Millennium Development Goals in Africa (388 kB ) (opens in new window)
... The separation between “development” and “adaptation” has understandable political reasons since negotiators aim to distinguish (baseline) development finance from (additional) adaptation finance. Raising adaptation and development finance separately and keeping funds in separate “pots” therefore ma ...
... The separation between “development” and “adaptation” has understandable political reasons since negotiators aim to distinguish (baseline) development finance from (additional) adaptation finance. Raising adaptation and development finance separately and keeping funds in separate “pots” therefore ma ...
Post-fire changes in net shortwave radiation along a latitudinal
... likely to influence regional climate requires detailed information about fire effects on the surface radiation budget. We used time series of satellite observations of surface albedo from 2000–2011 and fire perimeters since 1970 to study post-fire changes in surface net shortwave radiation along a l ...
... likely to influence regional climate requires detailed information about fire effects on the surface radiation budget. We used time series of satellite observations of surface albedo from 2000–2011 and fire perimeters since 1970 to study post-fire changes in surface net shortwave radiation along a l ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""