Alpine strategy for adaptation to climate change in the field of natural
... Central estimate JJA ...
... Central estimate JJA ...
Climates of change: human dimensions of Holocene
... magnitude of strong El Niño temperature perturbations (Clement et al., 2000; Liu et al., 2000). A steady increase in large El Niño events is observed during the Holocene, with a peak ca.3000–1000 yr ago (Fig. 2). The regional burning curve for the highlands of New Guinea shows a dramatic increase ...
... magnitude of strong El Niño temperature perturbations (Clement et al., 2000; Liu et al., 2000). A steady increase in large El Niño events is observed during the Holocene, with a peak ca.3000–1000 yr ago (Fig. 2). The regional burning curve for the highlands of New Guinea shows a dramatic increase ...
Climate Change and Cherry Tree Blossom Festivals in
... by early dates of the cherry blos- period, recent decades have been warmer on average than any time som festival. There were occasion- during the past 1000 years. ally very cold years, as indicated to the early 9th century, and many scientists by late flowering years, but on the whole this around the ...
... by early dates of the cherry blos- period, recent decades have been warmer on average than any time som festival. There were occasion- during the past 1000 years. ally very cold years, as indicated to the early 9th century, and many scientists by late flowering years, but on the whole this around the ...
Coastal Climate Change Adaptive management of beaches and
... Tourists expect clean, safe and preferably sandy beaches. But whose responsibility is it to provide and maintain them? In Germany, for coastal protection the legal responsibility lies with public authorities such as the agencies for coastal protection of the federal states, or with environmental age ...
... Tourists expect clean, safe and preferably sandy beaches. But whose responsibility is it to provide and maintain them? In Germany, for coastal protection the legal responsibility lies with public authorities such as the agencies for coastal protection of the federal states, or with environmental age ...
the Report - ULI Europe
... having to address the causes of climate change, of which it is a main contributor, through an evolving range of requirements that include regulatory controls on CO2 emissions, environmental and sustainability strategies; and the ‘greening’ of property investment portfolios and developments. However, ...
... having to address the causes of climate change, of which it is a main contributor, through an evolving range of requirements that include regulatory controls on CO2 emissions, environmental and sustainability strategies; and the ‘greening’ of property investment portfolios and developments. However, ...
Health Aspects of Climate Change in Cities with Mediterranean
... precipitation, changes in rainfall patterns and water overuse by the growing population, mainly in urban areas [10,11]. In California the mean temperature has increased across all regions [12], and projected average temperatures are expected to rise dramatically in future decades, greatly exceeding ...
... precipitation, changes in rainfall patterns and water overuse by the growing population, mainly in urban areas [10,11]. In California the mean temperature has increased across all regions [12], and projected average temperatures are expected to rise dramatically in future decades, greatly exceeding ...
Climate adaptation: what it means for Australian consumers
... sector2, very few researchers have attempted to understand how climate change impacts attitudes and purchasing decisions of consumers. In particular, there is much to be explored in understanding how consumers perceive climate adaptation in light of the food they purchase and consume. Until now, the ...
... sector2, very few researchers have attempted to understand how climate change impacts attitudes and purchasing decisions of consumers. In particular, there is much to be explored in understanding how consumers perceive climate adaptation in light of the food they purchase and consume. Until now, the ...
River Floods - ClimateCost
... • Under a medium-high emission baseline (A1B), with no mitigation or adaptation, the projected mean EAP affected by flooding in the EU27 is 300,000 by the 2050s (the years 2041-2070), rising to 360,000 by the 2080s (2071-2100). This includes the combined effects of socio-economic change (future pop ...
... • Under a medium-high emission baseline (A1B), with no mitigation or adaptation, the projected mean EAP affected by flooding in the EU27 is 300,000 by the 2050s (the years 2041-2070), rising to 360,000 by the 2080s (2071-2100). This includes the combined effects of socio-economic change (future pop ...
France - Met Office
... The assessment of impacts at the national level, both for the AVOID programme results and the cited supporting literature, were mostly based on global studies. This was to ensure consistency, whilst recognising that this might not always provide enough focus on impacts of most relevance to a particu ...
... The assessment of impacts at the national level, both for the AVOID programme results and the cited supporting literature, were mostly based on global studies. This was to ensure consistency, whilst recognising that this might not always provide enough focus on impacts of most relevance to a particu ...
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)
... The weather in Kolkata is influenced by the sea and has a very tropical type of climate with the summer being hot and humid. The maximum temperature rises during the summer months of May-June up to 24°C – 42°C and the minimum temperature falls during winter months of December – January up to 8°C - 2 ...
... The weather in Kolkata is influenced by the sea and has a very tropical type of climate with the summer being hot and humid. The maximum temperature rises during the summer months of May-June up to 24°C – 42°C and the minimum temperature falls during winter months of December – January up to 8°C - 2 ...
STATE OF THE ANTARCTIC AND SOUTHERN OCEAN CLIMATE
... development of the Antarctic ice sheet far back in geological time (Figures 3 and 4). In the high CO2 world of Cretaceous and early Cenozoic times, when atmospheric CO2 stood at between 1000 and 3000 ppm, global temperatures were 6° or 7°C warmer than at present, gradually peaking around 50 Ma ago w ...
... development of the Antarctic ice sheet far back in geological time (Figures 3 and 4). In the high CO2 world of Cretaceous and early Cenozoic times, when atmospheric CO2 stood at between 1000 and 3000 ppm, global temperatures were 6° or 7°C warmer than at present, gradually peaking around 50 Ma ago w ...
Climate Change and Heat Deaths: Newest Estimates
... present climate–mortality relationships and project how potential climate changes might affect these values. Specifically, the synoptic classification is combined with downscaled future climate projections for the decadal periods of 2020–29, 2045–55, and 2090–99 from a coupled atmospheric–oceanic ge ...
... present climate–mortality relationships and project how potential climate changes might affect these values. Specifically, the synoptic classification is combined with downscaled future climate projections for the decadal periods of 2020–29, 2045–55, and 2090–99 from a coupled atmospheric–oceanic ge ...
One-Fifth of Coral Reefs Lost, Rest Threatened
... These threats are expected to worsen: at least 39 percent of the world lives within 100 kilometers of an ocean, and projections indicate that population density will continue to ...
... These threats are expected to worsen: at least 39 percent of the world lives within 100 kilometers of an ocean, and projections indicate that population density will continue to ...
Open Letter to the Secretary-General of the United Nations
... to equip nations to become resilient to the full range of these natural phenomena by promoting economic growth and wealth generation. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has issued increasingly alarming conclusions about the climatic influences of human-produced carbo ...
... to equip nations to become resilient to the full range of these natural phenomena by promoting economic growth and wealth generation. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has issued increasingly alarming conclusions about the climatic influences of human-produced carbo ...
... been systematically destroyed and the beneficial uses and ecosystem services they provided including clean water and wildlife habitat have been lost forever. Wetlands and riparian habitats are truly among the rarest and most sensitive ecosystem types in California. These areas are critical for biodi ...
Climate: Observations, projections and impacts
... data on extreme events. • An assessment of the extent to which increases in greenhouse gases and aerosols in the atmosphere have altered the probability of particular seasonal temperatures compared to pre-industrial times, using a technique called ‘fraction of attributable risk.’ • A prediction of f ...
... data on extreme events. • An assessment of the extent to which increases in greenhouse gases and aerosols in the atmosphere have altered the probability of particular seasonal temperatures compared to pre-industrial times, using a technique called ‘fraction of attributable risk.’ • A prediction of f ...
Chapter 10
... increasing tendency in the intensity and frequency of extreme weather events in Asia over the last century and into the 21st century, are briefly discussed below and summarised in Table 10.3. In South-East Asia, extreme weather events associated with El-Niño were reported to be more frequent and int ...
... increasing tendency in the intensity and frequency of extreme weather events in Asia over the last century and into the 21st century, are briefly discussed below and summarised in Table 10.3. In South-East Asia, extreme weather events associated with El-Niño were reported to be more frequent and int ...
From science to policy: developing responses to climate change
... not limited to) agriculture, forestry, water resources, air quality, ecosystems and biodiversity, and cultural resources. Stakeholders with an interest in each of these may have conflicting desires and conflict resolution is likely to be required. Policy-makers dealing with multiple social objective ...
... not limited to) agriculture, forestry, water resources, air quality, ecosystems and biodiversity, and cultural resources. Stakeholders with an interest in each of these may have conflicting desires and conflict resolution is likely to be required. Policy-makers dealing with multiple social objective ...
Impacts of climate change on Australian marine life
... Refers to the amount of disturbance or stress that an ecosystem or species can absorb and still remain capable of returning to its pre-disturbance state. Scenario Scenarios outline different possible futures for the planet. Scenarios can be very simple (e.g. CO2 increasing at 1 % per year) or more r ...
... Refers to the amount of disturbance or stress that an ecosystem or species can absorb and still remain capable of returning to its pre-disturbance state. Scenario Scenarios outline different possible futures for the planet. Scenarios can be very simple (e.g. CO2 increasing at 1 % per year) or more r ...
Science Plan - IGOS Cryosphere
... balance of glaciers, ice caps and ice sheets, and especially to resolve the large present uncertainties in the mass budgets of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. In spite of the fact that the current state of balance of ice sheets and ice caps is not well known, the sensitivity of the volume of ...
... balance of glaciers, ice caps and ice sheets, and especially to resolve the large present uncertainties in the mass budgets of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. In spite of the fact that the current state of balance of ice sheets and ice caps is not well known, the sensitivity of the volume of ...
Exploring Climate Patterns Embedded in Global Climate Change
... cycles. The presented work sets forward a GIS-based methodological framework to explore and compare spatial and temporal patterns associated with three climate change scenarios. An implementation of an algorithm for the spatiotemporal aggregation of the anomalies is required to mine such spatiotempo ...
... cycles. The presented work sets forward a GIS-based methodological framework to explore and compare spatial and temporal patterns associated with three climate change scenarios. An implementation of an algorithm for the spatiotemporal aggregation of the anomalies is required to mine such spatiotempo ...
Impacts of climate variability and extremes on global net primary
... high-latitude ecosystems was the major factor that controlled the magnitude of global terrestrial NPP during 2000–2009. While there is little doubt that climate change and increasing atmospheric CO2 are the primary drivers of terrestrial NPP during the recent decade, the mechanisms for this phenomen ...
... high-latitude ecosystems was the major factor that controlled the magnitude of global terrestrial NPP during 2000–2009. While there is little doubt that climate change and increasing atmospheric CO2 are the primary drivers of terrestrial NPP during the recent decade, the mechanisms for this phenomen ...
synthesis report - Icelandic Meteorological office
... Roads and transport systems are vulnerable to climate change impacts. Furthermore, the future road system will have to provide an adequate service level while accounting also for other long term changes, such as in demography (ageing), in economic structure (possibly reinforced by mitigation policy) ...
... Roads and transport systems are vulnerable to climate change impacts. Furthermore, the future road system will have to provide an adequate service level while accounting also for other long term changes, such as in demography (ageing), in economic structure (possibly reinforced by mitigation policy) ...
Impact of Antarctic Ozone Depletion and Recovery on Southern
... et al. 2011; Polvani et al. 2011; Kang et al. 2012). Although they are crucial for understanding salinity changes in the Southern Ocean, net hydrological changes, including evaporation, are not yet well understood. In addition, and arguably more importantly, potential changes in extreme precipitatio ...
... et al. 2011; Polvani et al. 2011; Kang et al. 2012). Although they are crucial for understanding salinity changes in the Southern Ocean, net hydrological changes, including evaporation, are not yet well understood. In addition, and arguably more importantly, potential changes in extreme precipitatio ...
Chicago Area Climate Change Quick Guide
... approaches are prominent in the Chicago Climate Action Plan. Vegetated roofs, for instance, cool the city as temperatures rise and retain water during storms (adaptation), while they also help increase the energy efficiency of buildings (mitigation). Increasing the size of the Chicago urban forest c ...
... approaches are prominent in the Chicago Climate Action Plan. Vegetated roofs, for instance, cool the city as temperatures rise and retain water during storms (adaptation), while they also help increase the energy efficiency of buildings (mitigation). Increasing the size of the Chicago urban forest c ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""