Deglacial impact of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet on the North Atlantic climate system Francesco Muschitiello
... surface waters carried from the subtropical sector rapidly cool and sink. The process releases heat to the atmosphere with substantial impacts on hydro-climate and temperatures over large regions, and more critically over Western and Northern Europe. Shifts in atmospheric ...
... surface waters carried from the subtropical sector rapidly cool and sink. The process releases heat to the atmosphere with substantial impacts on hydro-climate and temperatures over large regions, and more critically over Western and Northern Europe. Shifts in atmospheric ...
Effects of a Carbon Tax on the Economy and the Environment
... Summary Lawmakers could increase federal revenues and encourage reductions in emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) by establishing a carbon tax, which would either tax those emissions directly or tax fuels that release CO2 when they are burned (fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas). Emissio ...
... Summary Lawmakers could increase federal revenues and encourage reductions in emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) by establishing a carbon tax, which would either tax those emissions directly or tax fuels that release CO2 when they are burned (fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas). Emissio ...
Assessing potential climate change effects on loblolly pine growth: A
... use of a stochastic scenario helps to account for some of this uncertainty by using the projections from several GCMs simultaneously. According to the 1995 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Houghton et al., 1996), recent projections of global temperature increase with a doubling of CO, are ...
... use of a stochastic scenario helps to account for some of this uncertainty by using the projections from several GCMs simultaneously. According to the 1995 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Houghton et al., 1996), recent projections of global temperature increase with a doubling of CO, are ...
Indirect Land Use Change, Uncertainty, and Biofuels, Policy
... a particularconcern with ethanol produced from corn kernels since corn is such a major food crop (and livestock feed) and international food commodity markets are relatively inelastic. This Article examines how the Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA) dealt with the uncertainty of regulating biofuel ...
... a particularconcern with ethanol produced from corn kernels since corn is such a major food crop (and livestock feed) and international food commodity markets are relatively inelastic. This Article examines how the Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA) dealt with the uncertainty of regulating biofuel ...
Greenhouse Gas Regulation and Climate Change
... European Environment Agency, Observed trends in total global concentration of the Kyoto gases (http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/daviz/observed-trends-in-total-global#tab-chart_2, accessed September 2014) ...
... European Environment Agency, Observed trends in total global concentration of the Kyoto gases (http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/daviz/observed-trends-in-total-global#tab-chart_2, accessed September 2014) ...
Climate Change Youth Guide to Action
... Vital Statistics “Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level.” - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Fourth Assessme ...
... Vital Statistics “Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level.” - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Fourth Assessme ...
Case study: Guatemala - CIAT-DAPA
... to carbon sequestration (forests and coffee production) Broccoli remains on its suitability level while sweet pea suitability decreases especially in Chimaltenango areas “ADAM”-farmers are less sensitive in their social and human assets and have a stronger adaptive capacity than farmers of SUMAR sup ...
... to carbon sequestration (forests and coffee production) Broccoli remains on its suitability level while sweet pea suitability decreases especially in Chimaltenango areas “ADAM”-farmers are less sensitive in their social and human assets and have a stronger adaptive capacity than farmers of SUMAR sup ...
Mercer. Divest Invest considerations for investors
... means for long-term demand. The industry should increase its awareness of the potential investment ramifications associated with the low/zero-carbon energy transition in order to provide sound advice to investors. Marrying concern and ambition Climate change is a financial issue that isn’t going to ...
... means for long-term demand. The industry should increase its awareness of the potential investment ramifications associated with the low/zero-carbon energy transition in order to provide sound advice to investors. Marrying concern and ambition Climate change is a financial issue that isn’t going to ...
Multi-gas abatement analysis of the Marrakesh Accords Paul. L
... “REAFFIRMS that, with a view to meeting the ultimate objective of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change [...] to prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system, overall global annual mean surface temperature increase should not exceed 2°C above pre-industr ...
... “REAFFIRMS that, with a view to meeting the ultimate objective of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change [...] to prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system, overall global annual mean surface temperature increase should not exceed 2°C above pre-industr ...
Final Report Climate change and Wetlands.doc
... identifies critical areas where further research is required. It also discusses policy implications. Wetlands are among Victorian ecosystems most vulnerable to climate change. The most pronounced effects on wetlands will be altered hydrological regimes and more frequent or intense extreme weather ev ...
... identifies critical areas where further research is required. It also discusses policy implications. Wetlands are among Victorian ecosystems most vulnerable to climate change. The most pronounced effects on wetlands will be altered hydrological regimes and more frequent or intense extreme weather ev ...
climate change - Union of Concerned Scientists
... species, and declining yields of key agricultural crops. Some further climate change is unavoidable because of human-caused emissions of heat-trapping gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), which can persist in the atmosphere for decades or centuries. But the magnitude of warming that occurs during t ...
... species, and declining yields of key agricultural crops. Some further climate change is unavoidable because of human-caused emissions of heat-trapping gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), which can persist in the atmosphere for decades or centuries. But the magnitude of warming that occurs during t ...
Climate Change Impacts on Wetlands in Victoria and Implications for
... identifies critical areas where further research is required. It also discusses policy implications. Wetlands are among Victorian ecosystems most vulnerable to climate change. The most pronounced effects on wetlands will be altered hydrological regimes and more frequent or intense extreme weather ev ...
... identifies critical areas where further research is required. It also discusses policy implications. Wetlands are among Victorian ecosystems most vulnerable to climate change. The most pronounced effects on wetlands will be altered hydrological regimes and more frequent or intense extreme weather ev ...
SUB-COMPONENT STUDY: PRECIPITATION AND TEMPERATURE
... The IPCC 5th Assessment Report states with very high confidence that the health of human populations is sensitive to shifts in weather patterns and other aspects of climate change (Field et al. 2014). Assessments of the health impacts of climate change are beginning to focus on acute effects that ca ...
... The IPCC 5th Assessment Report states with very high confidence that the health of human populations is sensitive to shifts in weather patterns and other aspects of climate change (Field et al. 2014). Assessments of the health impacts of climate change are beginning to focus on acute effects that ca ...
the Point of No Return report
... achieve the 2°C goal.30 The 14 projects alone would eat up 30% of the carbon budget by 2050, and would ensure total emissions exceed the limits. The world is heading towards climate chaos because a handful of governments and a small number of companies in the fossil fuel industry are pushing these 1 ...
... achieve the 2°C goal.30 The 14 projects alone would eat up 30% of the carbon budget by 2050, and would ensure total emissions exceed the limits. The world is heading towards climate chaos because a handful of governments and a small number of companies in the fossil fuel industry are pushing these 1 ...
Author`s personal copy - Santa Clara University
... Between 1941 and 1985 the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (DWP) diverted an average of 84 million cubic meters per year out of Mono Lake Basin (MLB; Blumm and Schwartz 2003). In 1969, the diversions increased to 111 million cubic meters per year, consisting of approximately 17 % of Los Ang ...
... Between 1941 and 1985 the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (DWP) diverted an average of 84 million cubic meters per year out of Mono Lake Basin (MLB; Blumm and Schwartz 2003). In 1969, the diversions increased to 111 million cubic meters per year, consisting of approximately 17 % of Los Ang ...
- NERC Open Research Archive
... Dynamics (GLOBEC, project duration 1995–2010) project, which was sponsored by IGBP, SCOR and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC), was developed as a response to the need to understand global change effects on the abundance, diversity and productivity of marine populations (from zoop ...
... Dynamics (GLOBEC, project duration 1995–2010) project, which was sponsored by IGBP, SCOR and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC), was developed as a response to the need to understand global change effects on the abundance, diversity and productivity of marine populations (from zoop ...
A CARBON EMISSIONS TAX AS A MITIGATING STRATEGY FOR
... to make commitments to reduce emissions, government has seen the importance of considering long term mitigating actions to play its part to reduce emissions. It can be argued that the policies and strategies being considered are not enough to hold large industries in South Africa more accountable fo ...
... to make commitments to reduce emissions, government has seen the importance of considering long term mitigating actions to play its part to reduce emissions. It can be argued that the policies and strategies being considered are not enough to hold large industries in South Africa more accountable fo ...
PDF
... who claim the need of robust science favouring more scientific research over policy actions, to the one of Yohe et al. (2004), who argue that uncertainty provides a reason to take specific policy action on the near term. Between these two positions there are a range of views about the implications o ...
... who claim the need of robust science favouring more scientific research over policy actions, to the one of Yohe et al. (2004), who argue that uncertainty provides a reason to take specific policy action on the near term. Between these two positions there are a range of views about the implications o ...
Effect of climate and landcover change
... of consequences in the altered surface hydrology and associated ecosystems and water resources [1,2]. To reduce these uncertainties and minimize negative impacts of climate and landcover changes, we need to understand the effects of climate and landcover on stream discharge of watersheds. Landcover ...
... of consequences in the altered surface hydrology and associated ecosystems and water resources [1,2]. To reduce these uncertainties and minimize negative impacts of climate and landcover changes, we need to understand the effects of climate and landcover on stream discharge of watersheds. Landcover ...
WORD - UNCTAD Virtual Institute
... Figure 15: The global mean energy balance of the earth ........................................................ 51 Figure 16: Extreme events - schematic presentation .............................................................. 54 Figure 17: Correlations of surface temperature, precipitation and me ...
... Figure 15: The global mean energy balance of the earth ........................................................ 51 Figure 16: Extreme events - schematic presentation .............................................................. 54 Figure 17: Correlations of surface temperature, precipitation and me ...
Ecosystem-based Adaptation in Tanzania
... and marine ecosystems, many of which are transboundary like the Lake Tanganyika ecosystem, which is shared between four countries. These ecosystems directly and indirectly support the livelihoods of the population and much of the country’s economy. Although Tanzania is characterized by rich, diverse ...
... and marine ecosystems, many of which are transboundary like the Lake Tanganyika ecosystem, which is shared between four countries. These ecosystems directly and indirectly support the livelihoods of the population and much of the country’s economy. Although Tanzania is characterized by rich, diverse ...
Hydrologic response of a Hawaiian watershed to future climate
... and + 6.4 C) and precipitation (5%, 10% and 20%) on the basis of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) AR4 projections under current, B1, A1B1 and A1F1 emission scenarios. Vegetation leaf conductance and leaf area index were modified to reflect the increase in CO2 concentration. Th ...
... and + 6.4 C) and precipitation (5%, 10% and 20%) on the basis of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) AR4 projections under current, B1, A1B1 and A1F1 emission scenarios. Vegetation leaf conductance and leaf area index were modified to reflect the increase in CO2 concentration. Th ...
Self-Governance and Peer Review in Science-for
... argue that in practice the process correctly reflects the essential tenets of peer review. However, we also show that the IPCC rules do not specify adequate closure mechanisms for the report drafting process. We demonstrate that the two-level certification process (“acceptance” and “approval” of IPC ...
... argue that in practice the process correctly reflects the essential tenets of peer review. However, we also show that the IPCC rules do not specify adequate closure mechanisms for the report drafting process. We demonstrate that the two-level certification process (“acceptance” and “approval” of IPC ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""