Cars, carbon taxes and CO2 emissions
... and Gulati (2016) suggests that it might be due to the difference between making buying decisions under certainty versus uncertainty – the tax part of the gasoline price being stable and certain compared to the volatile and uncertain part driven by fluctuations in crude oil prices. Lastly, Rivers a ...
... and Gulati (2016) suggests that it might be due to the difference between making buying decisions under certainty versus uncertainty – the tax part of the gasoline price being stable and certain compared to the volatile and uncertain part driven by fluctuations in crude oil prices. Lastly, Rivers a ...
Agricultural adaptation to climatic variation
... impact studies have considered the evolving responses of systems. Two established bodies of research are helpful in addressing these needs, particularly in the case of agriculture. Farming systems research has provided much useful information on the nature and dynamics of agricultural production sys ...
... impact studies have considered the evolving responses of systems. Two established bodies of research are helpful in addressing these needs, particularly in the case of agriculture. Farming systems research has provided much useful information on the nature and dynamics of agricultural production sys ...
Forest soil carbon sink in the Nordic region
... We summarised the literature concerning the effect of harvesting on soil carbon stocks and flows in boreal and northern temperate forests to evaluate the evidence of significant losses increasing with biomass removal (Clarke et al., in review). Although model studies suggest reductions in soil C s ...
... We summarised the literature concerning the effect of harvesting on soil carbon stocks and flows in boreal and northern temperate forests to evaluate the evidence of significant losses increasing with biomass removal (Clarke et al., in review). Although model studies suggest reductions in soil C s ...
climate change - Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
... for three quarters (75%) of total anthropogenic GHG emissions. The remaining 25 per cent of non-CO2 GHG emissions are made up of methane (2010: 16 per cent), nitrous oxide (2.6 per cent) and fluorinated gases (2.0 per cent). Despite occurring in much smaller quantities, these non-CO2 GHG are highly ...
... for three quarters (75%) of total anthropogenic GHG emissions. The remaining 25 per cent of non-CO2 GHG emissions are made up of methane (2010: 16 per cent), nitrous oxide (2.6 per cent) and fluorinated gases (2.0 per cent). Despite occurring in much smaller quantities, these non-CO2 GHG are highly ...
... partners to address issues on landscapes. The Statewide Forest Resource Assessments and Strategies, National Forest Land and Resource Management Plans, and outputs from the Northern Forest Futures Project are integral to emerging LSC opportunities. Five key aspects of successful collaboration, refer ...
BIBLIOGRAPHY BOMAL-O, CARLA G. APRIL 2012. Documentation
... impacts on water variability, pests, disease and extreme weather events are all likely to affect substantially the potential of agricultural production (Zhai and Zhuang, 2009). Increasing temperature amplifies the rate of evapotranspiration, which intensifies stress in crops, particularly in areas w ...
... impacts on water variability, pests, disease and extreme weather events are all likely to affect substantially the potential of agricultural production (Zhai and Zhuang, 2009). Increasing temperature amplifies the rate of evapotranspiration, which intensifies stress in crops, particularly in areas w ...
Climate Change Impacts On Rainfed Corn Production In
... precipitation amounts and patterns. These climate changes are expected to affect corn production in Malawi. This study evaluates the impacts of climate change on rainfed corn production in Malawi. Lilongwe District, with about 1,045 square miles of agriculture area, has been selected as a representa ...
... precipitation amounts and patterns. These climate changes are expected to affect corn production in Malawi. This study evaluates the impacts of climate change on rainfed corn production in Malawi. Lilongwe District, with about 1,045 square miles of agriculture area, has been selected as a representa ...
Modelling Freshwater Resources at the Global Scale: Challenges
... Unlike domestic and industrial water abstractions, irrigation water abstractions are very rarely measured, and statistical data for countries are generally based on either modelling or rough assumptions on per hectare irrigation water use. Consumptive irrigation water use in a grid cell is modelled ...
... Unlike domestic and industrial water abstractions, irrigation water abstractions are very rarely measured, and statistical data for countries are generally based on either modelling or rough assumptions on per hectare irrigation water use. Consumptive irrigation water use in a grid cell is modelled ...
Urbanization and Climate Change in Small iSland developing StateS
... greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but their size, geography and relatively insularity and remoteness make them particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, with the possible outcomes being far worse than other countries (UN- OHRLLS 2012). Global climate change is increasing the frequency ...
... greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but their size, geography and relatively insularity and remoteness make them particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, with the possible outcomes being far worse than other countries (UN- OHRLLS 2012). Global climate change is increasing the frequency ...
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS AND CLIMATE
... important greenhouse gases, but their atmospheric concentrations are so large (even for CO2 at only about 370 ppm but growing) that individual eruptions have a negligible effect on their concentrations and do not directly impact the greenhouse effect. Rather, the most important climatic effect of ex ...
... important greenhouse gases, but their atmospheric concentrations are so large (even for CO2 at only about 370 ppm but growing) that individual eruptions have a negligible effect on their concentrations and do not directly impact the greenhouse effect. Rather, the most important climatic effect of ex ...
volcanic eruptions and climate - Alan Robock
... important greenhouse gases, but their atmospheric concentrations are so large (even for CO2 at only about 370 ppm but growing) that individual eruptions have a negligible effect on their concentrations and do not directly impact the greenhouse effect. Rather, the most important climatic effect of ex ...
... important greenhouse gases, but their atmospheric concentrations are so large (even for CO2 at only about 370 ppm but growing) that individual eruptions have a negligible effect on their concentrations and do not directly impact the greenhouse effect. Rather, the most important climatic effect of ex ...
NRDC: Clean Power – The Case for Carbon Pollution Limits
... change, including children; the elderly; people with heart, lung, or kidney ailments; and low-income communities. “As the effects of climate change result in increased negative health and environmental outcomes, children will disproportionately bear the burden of these outcomes,” according to the Am ...
... change, including children; the elderly; people with heart, lung, or kidney ailments; and low-income communities. “As the effects of climate change result in increased negative health and environmental outcomes, children will disproportionately bear the burden of these outcomes,” according to the Am ...
Sailing through Changing Oceans
... challenges we are facing today, that is the impact of climate changes and the preservation of biodiversity, the polar regions are of very particular scientific interest. The jeopardised future of the polar bear with the reduction in the extent of Arctic sea ice is already well known. Yet, with a reg ...
... challenges we are facing today, that is the impact of climate changes and the preservation of biodiversity, the polar regions are of very particular scientific interest. The jeopardised future of the polar bear with the reduction in the extent of Arctic sea ice is already well known. Yet, with a reg ...
Northern Canada
... e climate of the Arctic has shown an unprecedented rate of change during the past 50 years. Over the last half century, the Canadian Arctic has experienced significant increases in both temperature and precipitation, consistent with trends in other circumpolar regions. Increases in air temperature h ...
... e climate of the Arctic has shown an unprecedented rate of change during the past 50 years. Over the last half century, the Canadian Arctic has experienced significant increases in both temperature and precipitation, consistent with trends in other circumpolar regions. Increases in air temperature h ...
EDMUND G. BROWN JR. State of California Attorney General
... CARB estimates that transportation is currently responsible for 38% of the greenhouse gas emissions in the state. 7 And in the Bay Area, emissions from transportation account for 50% of the total area emissions. 8 Meeting California’s goals under AB 32 thus demands reduction of emissions from the tr ...
... CARB estimates that transportation is currently responsible for 38% of the greenhouse gas emissions in the state. 7 And in the Bay Area, emissions from transportation account for 50% of the total area emissions. 8 Meeting California’s goals under AB 32 thus demands reduction of emissions from the tr ...
The Economics of Climate Change Impacts and Policy
... work in this area. The scope includes the assessment of the potential incidence and economic cost associated with changes in extreme events in cities. Given the broad uncertainties about how climate policies play out, this paper proposes to address these through a comparison of impacts under differe ...
... work in this area. The scope includes the assessment of the potential incidence and economic cost associated with changes in extreme events in cities. Given the broad uncertainties about how climate policies play out, this paper proposes to address these through a comparison of impacts under differe ...
Hydroclimatic changes and drivers in the Sava River Catchment and
... and causing its dramatic shrinkage from the mid twentieth century until present time (Shibuo et al. 2007; Destouni et al. 2010). These historic land- and water-use changes will also continue to condition future freshwater responses ...
... and causing its dramatic shrinkage from the mid twentieth century until present time (Shibuo et al. 2007; Destouni et al. 2010). These historic land- and water-use changes will also continue to condition future freshwater responses ...
Quantifying non-cooperative climate engineering
... help framing the problem, before moving to the calibrated numerical analysis. Several dynamic games have been proposed in the literature. Ricke et al. (2013) provide a numerical assessment of coalition formation in a two-stage game of coalition formation. Millard-Ball (2012) considers the formation ...
... help framing the problem, before moving to the calibrated numerical analysis. Several dynamic games have been proposed in the literature. Ricke et al. (2013) provide a numerical assessment of coalition formation in a two-stage game of coalition formation. Millard-Ball (2012) considers the formation ...
Gender perspectives on climate change
... According to Füssel (2010), who has written extensively on the matter, the two most wellknown interpretations of vulnerability are ‘contextual vulnerability’ (or starting-point interpretation see Figure 1b and Table 1) and ‘outcome vulnerability’ (or end-point interpretation see Figure 1a and Table ...
... According to Füssel (2010), who has written extensively on the matter, the two most wellknown interpretations of vulnerability are ‘contextual vulnerability’ (or starting-point interpretation see Figure 1b and Table 1) and ‘outcome vulnerability’ (or end-point interpretation see Figure 1a and Table ...
Psychological barriers and climate change action
... environment and natural resources graduate programme at the University of Iceland. The thesis is comprised of two main parts: a literature review and a research report. In the literature review climate change is presented as an issue of top priority that (to date) has not been effectively addressed ...
... environment and natural resources graduate programme at the University of Iceland. The thesis is comprised of two main parts: a literature review and a research report. In the literature review climate change is presented as an issue of top priority that (to date) has not been effectively addressed ...
Thesis Statement
... substances, and the problems of excessive focus on long-term targets. The results of the stabilization analysis suggest that methane reduction will be especially valuable because of its importance in low-cost mitigation policies that are effective on timescales up to three centuries. Therefore in th ...
... substances, and the problems of excessive focus on long-term targets. The results of the stabilization analysis suggest that methane reduction will be especially valuable because of its importance in low-cost mitigation policies that are effective on timescales up to three centuries. Therefore in th ...
Cause of the widening of the tropical belt since 1958
... Figure 4. Linear trend (1958 –1999) (shading) (in d/year/decade) and climatological mean (contours) of the daily tropopause pressure PDFs for DJF. Results are for (a) ERA40 reanalysis; (b) SST+RAD; (c) SST; and (d) (Figure 4b) – (Figure 4c). The two vertical lines indicate the mean latitudes of the ...
... Figure 4. Linear trend (1958 –1999) (shading) (in d/year/decade) and climatological mean (contours) of the daily tropopause pressure PDFs for DJF. Results are for (a) ERA40 reanalysis; (b) SST+RAD; (c) SST; and (d) (Figure 4b) – (Figure 4c). The two vertical lines indicate the mean latitudes of the ...
Chapter 6- Canada in a Changing Climate: Sector Perspectives on
... Climate is a key driver of ecosystem composition, structure, and function. It also interacts with other factors that influence biodiversity, such as pollution and land use change. As a result, many ecological studies include modeled or observed evaluations of relationships between biodiversity and c ...
... Climate is a key driver of ecosystem composition, structure, and function. It also interacts with other factors that influence biodiversity, such as pollution and land use change. As a result, many ecological studies include modeled or observed evaluations of relationships between biodiversity and c ...
Integrated climate and land use change scenarios for California
... yield is difficult to measure and value, but the changing availability of water from rangeland watersheds needs to be quantified across multiple spatial scales and over long time horizons to ensure sustainable use (Scanlon et al. 2005; Havstad et al. 2007; Brown and MacLeod 2011; He and Hogue 2012). ...
... yield is difficult to measure and value, but the changing availability of water from rangeland watersheds needs to be quantified across multiple spatial scales and over long time horizons to ensure sustainable use (Scanlon et al. 2005; Havstad et al. 2007; Brown and MacLeod 2011; He and Hogue 2012). ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""