The EU and the progressive alliance negotiating in Durban
... great influence on its international image and credibility. After Copenhagen, the EU shifted its attention (back) to its traditional allies within international climate negotiations, the least-developed country (LDC) group and the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS). These countries have come to ...
... great influence on its international image and credibility. After Copenhagen, the EU shifted its attention (back) to its traditional allies within international climate negotiations, the least-developed country (LDC) group and the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS). These countries have come to ...
Evidence for parallel adaptation to climate across the natural range
... sets allows researchers to estimate adaptation to climate on a greater scale than would be possible using experimental methods (Banta et al. 2012). The mouse-eared cress Arabidopsis thaliana is an ideal candidate for such a study. A. thaliana exhibits an annual life-history strategy with a cosmopoli ...
... sets allows researchers to estimate adaptation to climate on a greater scale than would be possible using experimental methods (Banta et al. 2012). The mouse-eared cress Arabidopsis thaliana is an ideal candidate for such a study. A. thaliana exhibits an annual life-history strategy with a cosmopoli ...
Mk3.5 simulations
... Time scale of greatest interest to planning in a wide range of applications Time scale is short enough that differences in the emissions scenarios of GHGs do not matter much Expect a well initialised model to provide improved projections over this time scale than a non-initialised model (infor ...
... Time scale of greatest interest to planning in a wide range of applications Time scale is short enough that differences in the emissions scenarios of GHGs do not matter much Expect a well initialised model to provide improved projections over this time scale than a non-initialised model (infor ...
a case study in the Italian Alp
... logistic problems of deriving daily GCM data. The files covering years 1980–89 of HadCM2 were empty and data acquisition for years 1960–89 of ECHAM4/OPYC3 was already in process. The second period of both GCMs covers the years 2070–99 and represents climate change due to increasing greenhouse gas co ...
... logistic problems of deriving daily GCM data. The files covering years 1980–89 of HadCM2 were empty and data acquisition for years 1960–89 of ECHAM4/OPYC3 was already in process. The second period of both GCMs covers the years 2070–99 and represents climate change due to increasing greenhouse gas co ...
Migration and Climate Change - Development Research Centre on
... of the storm. Labelling it a “climate change event” over-simplifies both its causes and its effects. Nevertheless, estimates of future numbers of climate change migrants are repeated almost glibly, either for shock value or for want of a better figure.13 This paper sets out ...
... of the storm. Labelling it a “climate change event” over-simplifies both its causes and its effects. Nevertheless, estimates of future numbers of climate change migrants are repeated almost glibly, either for shock value or for want of a better figure.13 This paper sets out ...
From headwater tributaries to international river
... 2. The Nile: a source for the study of variability Variability in Nile flows and their management implications have prompted study of this phenomenon for millennia; from the ancient Egyptians’ recording of Nile floods to the noted hydrologist H.E. Hurst’s work on long term storage in the Nile (e.g. Hu ...
... 2. The Nile: a source for the study of variability Variability in Nile flows and their management implications have prompted study of this phenomenon for millennia; from the ancient Egyptians’ recording of Nile floods to the noted hydrologist H.E. Hurst’s work on long term storage in the Nile (e.g. Hu ...
Ethics and Geoengineering: Reviewing the Moral Issues Raised by
... behavioral demands and while technological fixes do appear to frequently solve many difficult social problems,36,37 the term is often used negatively to connote a superficial and inadequate solution to a deeper problem. A geoengineering solution would permit continuing high levels of consumption, wa ...
... behavioral demands and while technological fixes do appear to frequently solve many difficult social problems,36,37 the term is often used negatively to connote a superficial and inadequate solution to a deeper problem. A geoengineering solution would permit continuing high levels of consumption, wa ...
Assessing recent trends in high-latitude Southern
... aspect of large-scale circulation variability in this region is the midto high-latitude response to tropical variability, particularly the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO)11. Over recent decades, multiple changes have been observed in high-latitude SH climate. But the brevity and sparse distribut ...
... aspect of large-scale circulation variability in this region is the midto high-latitude response to tropical variability, particularly the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO)11. Over recent decades, multiple changes have been observed in high-latitude SH climate. But the brevity and sparse distribut ...
Part 1 - Unctad
... challenged by factors such as overfishing, IUU fishing, destructive fishing practices and ecosystem degradation. The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (“the Convention” / UNCLOS) sets out the overarching international legal framework for all activities on the oceans and seas, incl ...
... challenged by factors such as overfishing, IUU fishing, destructive fishing practices and ecosystem degradation. The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (“the Convention” / UNCLOS) sets out the overarching international legal framework for all activities on the oceans and seas, incl ...
Sensitivity of East Asian Climate to the Progressive Uplift and
... a small amount of deciduous vegetation being present at the edge of the Antarctic continent (Dowsett et al., 1999). Additionally, since atmospheric CO2 concentration was not too far from 315 ppmv at the midPliocene (Rind and Chandler, 1991), this value was taken in all of the experiments. Except for ...
... a small amount of deciduous vegetation being present at the edge of the Antarctic continent (Dowsett et al., 1999). Additionally, since atmospheric CO2 concentration was not too far from 315 ppmv at the midPliocene (Rind and Chandler, 1991), this value was taken in all of the experiments. Except for ...
Modeling and forecasting extreme hot events in the central
... obtained by Brunet et al. (2001) for the Catalonian region, also situated in the NE of Spain. The aim of this work is to study the extreme hot events observed during the summer season at the centre of the Ebro valley, an area represented by Zaragoza and Huesca observatories. In spite of the small si ...
... obtained by Brunet et al. (2001) for the Catalonian region, also situated in the NE of Spain. The aim of this work is to study the extreme hot events observed during the summer season at the centre of the Ebro valley, an area represented by Zaragoza and Huesca observatories. In spite of the small si ...
Sample pages 2 PDF
... of disaster relief were no longer protecting the village community despite thousands of dollars spent on the construction of sea walls. Community relocation was the only cogent solution to safeguard the inhabitants of Vunidogoloa (Edwards 2012, p. 3). Conversely, this was an enormously emotional and ...
... of disaster relief were no longer protecting the village community despite thousands of dollars spent on the construction of sea walls. Community relocation was the only cogent solution to safeguard the inhabitants of Vunidogoloa (Edwards 2012, p. 3). Conversely, this was an enormously emotional and ...
PDF
... The estimated costs of climate impacts are highly uncertain. In addition to the irreducible randomness of natural and social phenomena, the so-called “aleatory uncertainty”, there are many other sources deriving from an incomplete knowledge of these phenomena, called “epistemic uncertainty”. These c ...
... The estimated costs of climate impacts are highly uncertain. In addition to the irreducible randomness of natural and social phenomena, the so-called “aleatory uncertainty”, there are many other sources deriving from an incomplete knowledge of these phenomena, called “epistemic uncertainty”. These c ...
How will organic carbon stocks in mineral soils
... responses and do not consider the effect of actual land use distribution or changes in anthropogenic land use. Furthermore, Sim-CYCLE implements a single soil C pool module to simulate SOC dynamics (Ito, 2005). However, Jones et al. (2005) have shown that such a simplification leads to an overall hi ...
... responses and do not consider the effect of actual land use distribution or changes in anthropogenic land use. Furthermore, Sim-CYCLE implements a single soil C pool module to simulate SOC dynamics (Ito, 2005). However, Jones et al. (2005) have shown that such a simplification leads to an overall hi ...
Nunavut`s Natural Environment - Nunavut Climate Change Centre
... Climate change is happening, as is evident from increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global sea levels.1 In Nunavut the annual average temperature is rising twice as fast as the rest of the world.2 In Nunavut specifically, many aspect ...
... Climate change is happening, as is evident from increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global sea levels.1 In Nunavut the annual average temperature is rising twice as fast as the rest of the world.2 In Nunavut specifically, many aspect ...
Impact of climate change on the dairy industry in temperate zones
... frequent heat waves during summers and heavy rainfall during winters. This trajectory is a foreseeable future, even under the most modest warming scenarios and thus most likely will have a significant impact on livestock farming. The effect climatic change (CC) on dairy production are both direct thr ...
... frequent heat waves during summers and heavy rainfall during winters. This trajectory is a foreseeable future, even under the most modest warming scenarios and thus most likely will have a significant impact on livestock farming. The effect climatic change (CC) on dairy production are both direct thr ...
The Wegman report
... the data, particularly for another party to replicate your research results; (b) when this information was available to researchers; (c) where and when you first identified the location of this information; (d) what modifications, if any, you have made to this information since publication of the re ...
... the data, particularly for another party to replicate your research results; (b) when this information was available to researchers; (c) where and when you first identified the location of this information; (d) what modifications, if any, you have made to this information since publication of the re ...
Final Background paper UNFCCC Latin American workshop on a…
... Observational records show that Latin America, with a few variations, has been warming throughout the 20th century Future climate change scenarios for Central and South America derived from global climate models for a range of greenhouse gases emissions scenarios (SRES scenarios) indicate considerab ...
... Observational records show that Latin America, with a few variations, has been warming throughout the 20th century Future climate change scenarios for Central and South America derived from global climate models for a range of greenhouse gases emissions scenarios (SRES scenarios) indicate considerab ...
Change - UNDP Climate Change Adaptation
... Heat waves become more frequent and longer lasting in a future warmer climate. Increased summer dryness and winter wetness in most parts of the northern middle and high latitudes Precipitation tends concentrated into more intense events, with longer periods of dry in between . Evidence from modellin ...
... Heat waves become more frequent and longer lasting in a future warmer climate. Increased summer dryness and winter wetness in most parts of the northern middle and high latitudes Precipitation tends concentrated into more intense events, with longer periods of dry in between . Evidence from modellin ...
Assessing Public Transportation Vulnerability to Sea Level Rise: A Case Study Application
... to research, practical applications such as the Gulf Coast Study Phase 1 (U.S. DOT 2011a) focused on the process of identifying regional climate change impacts and developing risk assessment tools for use by transportation planners. In continuation of the research, the Gulf Coast Study Phase 2 inclu ...
... to research, practical applications such as the Gulf Coast Study Phase 1 (U.S. DOT 2011a) focused on the process of identifying regional climate change impacts and developing risk assessment tools for use by transportation planners. In continuation of the research, the Gulf Coast Study Phase 2 inclu ...
Climate change response strategies for agriculture: Challenges and opportunities for the 21st century
... Climate change will affect agriculture and forestry systems through higher temperatures, elevated CO2 concentration, precipitation changes, increased weeds, pests, and disease pressure, and increased vulnerability of organic carbon pools. High temperatures can lead to negative impacts such as added ...
... Climate change will affect agriculture and forestry systems through higher temperatures, elevated CO2 concentration, precipitation changes, increased weeds, pests, and disease pressure, and increased vulnerability of organic carbon pools. High temperatures can lead to negative impacts such as added ...
Climate Action Team Report to Governor Schwarzenegger and the California Legislature December 2010
... California has a long history of state-sponsored, state-specific research on climate change. Research has been critical to understanding the impacts of climate change in California, motivating action, and informing policy decisions. Global climate models have been downscaled to predict climate chang ...
... California has a long history of state-sponsored, state-specific research on climate change. Research has been critical to understanding the impacts of climate change in California, motivating action, and informing policy decisions. Global climate models have been downscaled to predict climate chang ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""