Tasmanian Greenhouse Gas Accounts State Greenhouse Gas
... done no later than 60 days after the Australian Government publishes the annual State and Territory Greenhouse Gas Inventories report. This report has been compiled using data from the Australian Government’s State and Territory Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2011-12, which is available at: www.environm ...
... done no later than 60 days after the Australian Government publishes the annual State and Territory Greenhouse Gas Inventories report. This report has been compiled using data from the Australian Government’s State and Territory Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2011-12, which is available at: www.environm ...
Winter jet stream trends over the Northern Hemisphere
... the enhanced (weakened) baroclinicity over the midlatitudes (high latitudes), and the observed winter V core trends are in approximate geostrophic balance with the height changes. As a quantitative example, the maximum jet core speed trend along 180° is 1.72 m/s decade−1 . The collocated ∂Z/∂y trend ...
... the enhanced (weakened) baroclinicity over the midlatitudes (high latitudes), and the observed winter V core trends are in approximate geostrophic balance with the height changes. As a quantitative example, the maximum jet core speed trend along 180° is 1.72 m/s decade−1 . The collocated ∂Z/∂y trend ...
Stratigraphic and Earth System Approaches to Defining the
... during Earth history) and albedo. The distribution of heat at the Earth’s surface is modified by orbital variations and paleogeographic patterns driven by tectonics, which in turn can drive feedbacks that lead to whole-Earth changes in albedo or greenhouse gas forcing. Thus, over multi-million year t ...
... during Earth history) and albedo. The distribution of heat at the Earth’s surface is modified by orbital variations and paleogeographic patterns driven by tectonics, which in turn can drive feedbacks that lead to whole-Earth changes in albedo or greenhouse gas forcing. Thus, over multi-million year t ...
The Potential Contribution of the 2010 Exploratory Study among Tourism Industry
... (Becken et al., 2003, p. 274; Dubois & Ceron, 2006, p. 408). These figures clearly show the growing dependency of tourism on transportation and the negative effects of this. The major concern with aircraft emissions is that a significant portion is emitted at altitude, where the emissions have an im ...
... (Becken et al., 2003, p. 274; Dubois & Ceron, 2006, p. 408). These figures clearly show the growing dependency of tourism on transportation and the negative effects of this. The major concern with aircraft emissions is that a significant portion is emitted at altitude, where the emissions have an im ...
chisoro elizabeth - Midlands State University
... Climate change is among the most contemporary issues affecting many people in several parts of the word. In view of climate change and gender it can be noted that it has contributed immensely to change in carrying out of masculine livelihood strategies by men in rural communities. This is so because ...
... Climate change is among the most contemporary issues affecting many people in several parts of the word. In view of climate change and gender it can be noted that it has contributed immensely to change in carrying out of masculine livelihood strategies by men in rural communities. This is so because ...
Questions and Answers about the Environmental Effects of the
... In the mid-1970s it was discovered that some man-made products destroy ozone molecules in the stratosphere. This destruction leads to higher ultraviolet (UV) radiation levels at the surface of the Earth and can cause damage to ecosystems and to materials such as plastics. It may cause an increase in ...
... In the mid-1970s it was discovered that some man-made products destroy ozone molecules in the stratosphere. This destruction leads to higher ultraviolet (UV) radiation levels at the surface of the Earth and can cause damage to ecosystems and to materials such as plastics. It may cause an increase in ...
IMPACT OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY ON COFFEE PRODUCTION
... of climate variability on coffee production among smallholder farmers in highland zone of Kigoma district western part of Tanzania. Specifically, this study aimed at determining how climate variability affects coffee production and the strategies taken by farmers to cope with the problem. Also, this ...
... of climate variability on coffee production among smallholder farmers in highland zone of Kigoma district western part of Tanzania. Specifically, this study aimed at determining how climate variability affects coffee production and the strategies taken by farmers to cope with the problem. Also, this ...
Seedling Growth Performance of Cassia fistula (Linn.) Using Climate
... Climate is a key factor which determines the distribution of plants and animals. The time has come to identify the indigenous and/or exotic forest tree species considering nationally viable and adaptable to future climate change. A need may exist to develop the management techniques with experimenta ...
... Climate is a key factor which determines the distribution of plants and animals. The time has come to identify the indigenous and/or exotic forest tree species considering nationally viable and adaptable to future climate change. A need may exist to develop the management techniques with experimenta ...
Potential surface temperature and shallow groundwater temperature
... Increases in mean annual air temperature will not necessarily result in equivalent changes in mean annual GST (Mann and Schmidt, 2003; Mellander et al., 2007; Zhang et al., 2005). Other physical processes must be considered to predict the associated increase in mean annual GST. For example, the dura ...
... Increases in mean annual air temperature will not necessarily result in equivalent changes in mean annual GST (Mann and Schmidt, 2003; Mellander et al., 2007; Zhang et al., 2005). Other physical processes must be considered to predict the associated increase in mean annual GST. For example, the dura ...
Climate Change in the South Caucasus
... the direct penetration of cold air. The circulation of these air masses has mainly determined the precipitation regime all over the region. Precipitation decreases from west to east and mountains generally receive higher amounts than low-lying areas. The ...
... the direct penetration of cold air. The circulation of these air masses has mainly determined the precipitation regime all over the region. Precipitation decreases from west to east and mountains generally receive higher amounts than low-lying areas. The ...
Waning habitats due to climate change: effects of streamflow and
... et al., 2016), America (e.g., Kaushal et al., 2010) and Australia (e.g., Chessman, 2009). Flow regimes are also being influenced by changes in precipitation, although those trends vary by climatic region (IPCC, 2013; Morán-Tejeda et al., 2014). The predictions of the International Panel of Climate C ...
... et al., 2016), America (e.g., Kaushal et al., 2010) and Australia (e.g., Chessman, 2009). Flow regimes are also being influenced by changes in precipitation, although those trends vary by climatic region (IPCC, 2013; Morán-Tejeda et al., 2014). The predictions of the International Panel of Climate C ...
There is general agreement that the negative effects of global
... When isolating the potential effects of different factors (such as climate change, economic growth or stagnation, and population growth) that will interplay under any of the GCC scenarios and impact agricultural output and food prices there is a near convergence of all factors on increasing the pric ...
... When isolating the potential effects of different factors (such as climate change, economic growth or stagnation, and population growth) that will interplay under any of the GCC scenarios and impact agricultural output and food prices there is a near convergence of all factors on increasing the pric ...
Modelling risk based cost analysis of port adaptation measures to
... development of a new analytical model, ports are highly unlikely to improve the quality of adaptation to climate change risks. 2.2 Risk and cost analysis in climate adaptation It is commonly accepted that climate change, although a naturally occurring process is affected by human activities which ma ...
... development of a new analytical model, ports are highly unlikely to improve the quality of adaptation to climate change risks. 2.2 Risk and cost analysis in climate adaptation It is commonly accepted that climate change, although a naturally occurring process is affected by human activities which ma ...
Making the Connection: Population Dynamics and Climate
... would ultimately lead to substantial reductions in future carbon dioxide emissions, because even though carbon emissions tend to be low in countries where population growth rates are high, current evidence shows that per capita emissions rise as nations develop.1 Additional research suggests that re ...
... would ultimately lead to substantial reductions in future carbon dioxide emissions, because even though carbon emissions tend to be low in countries where population growth rates are high, current evidence shows that per capita emissions rise as nations develop.1 Additional research suggests that re ...
A Sign of Things to Come? Examining four major climate
... food security. The report also considers the relevance of climate change. On a global level, climate change is expected to increase the magnitude and frequency of heatwaves and heavy rainfall events, due to rising global temperatures and the ability of warmer air to hold more water vapour. However, ...
... food security. The report also considers the relevance of climate change. On a global level, climate change is expected to increase the magnitude and frequency of heatwaves and heavy rainfall events, due to rising global temperatures and the ability of warmer air to hold more water vapour. However, ...
A semiparametric multivariate, multisite weather generator with
... Brown, 2013]. While all of these approaches were appropriate for their specific application, these methods exhibit limited ability to perturb the entire distribution of climate variables or alter their behavior at multiple temporal scales. For instance, none of the methods mentioned are equipped to s ...
... Brown, 2013]. While all of these approaches were appropriate for their specific application, these methods exhibit limited ability to perturb the entire distribution of climate variables or alter their behavior at multiple temporal scales. For instance, none of the methods mentioned are equipped to s ...
The theme of slow onset impact
... The operative provisions of the Convention begin by defining both the ‘adverse effects of climate change’ as well as the term ‘climate change’ itself. Adverse effects of climate change are …changes in the physical environment or biota resulting from climate change which have significant deleterious ...
... The operative provisions of the Convention begin by defining both the ‘adverse effects of climate change’ as well as the term ‘climate change’ itself. Adverse effects of climate change are …changes in the physical environment or biota resulting from climate change which have significant deleterious ...
click to - White Rose Research Online
... have failed Africa, offering important lessons for future attempts to deliver other market-based mechanisms, such as Payments for Ecosystem Services (Gold Standard, 2011). Despite the international support for these kinds of market based approaches, they tend to overlook the inefficiencies in resour ...
... have failed Africa, offering important lessons for future attempts to deliver other market-based mechanisms, such as Payments for Ecosystem Services (Gold Standard, 2011). Despite the international support for these kinds of market based approaches, they tend to overlook the inefficiencies in resour ...
Tropical Forest, Deforestation and Climate Change - Heinrich
... deforestation and degradation (REDD), responsible for 20% of the current global GHG emissions, was finally included into the climate change negotiations. Even Brazil, reluctant to the inclusion of REDD under UNFCCC, presented a proposal5,6 in COP 12 and than further elaborated in COP 13 “to provide ...
... deforestation and degradation (REDD), responsible for 20% of the current global GHG emissions, was finally included into the climate change negotiations. Even Brazil, reluctant to the inclusion of REDD under UNFCCC, presented a proposal5,6 in COP 12 and than further elaborated in COP 13 “to provide ...
The demographic impacts of shifts in climate means and extremes
... short intervals of deleteriously high body temperatures (>40 C) even at high elevation where temperature variation can be substantial (Kingsolver & Watt 1983). We focus our assessment of performance and demographic differences on four sites along an elevation gradient (Grand Junction: 1400 m; Alten ...
... short intervals of deleteriously high body temperatures (>40 C) even at high elevation where temperature variation can be substantial (Kingsolver & Watt 1983). We focus our assessment of performance and demographic differences on four sites along an elevation gradient (Grand Junction: 1400 m; Alten ...
Evidence for parallel adaptation to climate across the natural range
... sets allows researchers to estimate adaptation to climate on a greater scale than would be possible using experimental methods (Banta et al. 2012). The mouse-eared cress Arabidopsis thaliana is an ideal candidate for such a study. A. thaliana exhibits an annual life-history strategy with a cosmopoli ...
... sets allows researchers to estimate adaptation to climate on a greater scale than would be possible using experimental methods (Banta et al. 2012). The mouse-eared cress Arabidopsis thaliana is an ideal candidate for such a study. A. thaliana exhibits an annual life-history strategy with a cosmopoli ...
Mk3.5 simulations
... Time scale of greatest interest to planning in a wide range of applications Time scale is short enough that differences in the emissions scenarios of GHGs do not matter much Expect a well initialised model to provide improved projections over this time scale than a non-initialised model (infor ...
... Time scale of greatest interest to planning in a wide range of applications Time scale is short enough that differences in the emissions scenarios of GHGs do not matter much Expect a well initialised model to provide improved projections over this time scale than a non-initialised model (infor ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""